题语境(二) 健康生活方式积极生活态度(1)
阅读理解
A (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ·D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Researchboth the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intakeAnd contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portionsit＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid
To test the effect of social influence on eating habitsthe researchers conducted two experimentsIn the first95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面) participate in a study about movie viewershipBefore the film beganeach woman was asked to help herself to a snackAn actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food firstIn her natural statethe actor weighed 105 poundsBut in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food The participants followed suittaking more food than they normally would have Howeverthey took significantly more when the actor was thin
For the second testin one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowlsIn the other caseshe took 30 piecesThe results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we＇re making decisionsIf this fellow participant is going to eat moreso will I．Call it the I＇ll have what she＇s having effectHoweverwe＇ll adjust the influenceIf an overweight person is having a large portionI＇ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habitsBut if a thin person eats a lotI＇ll follow suitIf he can eat much and keep slimwhy can＇t I
语篇解读 文篇应文讲述研究表明进食伴会影响饮食惯想减肥应避免食量瘦起进食
1．What is the recent study mainly about
A．Food safety
B．Movie viewership
C．Consumer demand
D．Eating behavior
D [旨意题通读全文知文章第段全文题段消费者研究杂志项研究表明饮食伴体型饮食惯会影响食物摄入量避免食量瘦起进食结合全文容知文介绍饮食行D项正确]
2．What does the underlined word beanpoles in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters
B．Overweight persons
C．Picky eaters
D．Tall thin persons
D [词义猜测题根第段第二句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份) it＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid知研究表明现研究发现(应该避免食量胖起吃饭)相反真正需避开胃口高瘦根contrary to知画线词heavier people含义相反D项正确]
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor
A．To see how she would affect the participants
B．To test if the participants could recognize her
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests
D．To study why she could keep her weight down
A [推理判断题根第二段中To test the effect of social influence on eating habitsthe researchers conducted two experiments知验证社交饮食惯影响研究员进行两实验结合文介绍两实验知聘演员参加实验旨查演员参加实验饮食惯影响A项正确]
4．On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph
A．How hungry we are
B．How slim we want to be
C．How we perceive others
D．How we feel about the food
C [推理判断题根尾段中If this fellow participant is going to eat moreso will Ibecause I see the results of his eating habits知果伴算吃更会吃更调整影响果超重吃会稍微保留点饮食惯结果推知饮食调整分析饮食惯结果()基础C项正确]
B (2020·江苏卷·C)
For those who can stomach itworking out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating firstaccording to a study of meal timing and physical activity
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performanceHoweverfar less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health
To find outBritish scientists conducted a studyThey first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of usThey tested the men＇s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue
Thenon two separate morning visits to the scientists＇ labeach man walked for an hour at an average speed thatin theoryshould allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuelBefore one of these workoutsthe men skipped breakfastmeaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食)．On the other occasionthey ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking
Just before and an hour after each workoutthe scientists took additional samples of the men＇s blood and fat tissue
Then they compared the samplesThere were considerable differencesMost obviouslythe men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eatenAs a resultthey burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten firstOn the other handthey burned slightly more calories (卡路里)on averageduring the workout after breakfast than after fasting
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significantthe researchers foundMultiple genes behaved differentlydepending on whether someone had eaten or not before walkingMany of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic healthThese genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first
语篇解读 文篇说明文说明早饭前锻炼早饭锻炼身体带处更
5．The underlined expression stomach it in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______．
A．digest the meal easily
B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat
D．eat whatever is offered
B [词义猜测题处考查stomach熟词生义该词句中意忍受外结合常识判断锻炼前吃早饭受处意果忍受空腹话吃早餐前锻炼吃早餐锻炼处更B项正确]
6．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight
C．They could walk at an average speed
D．They had slow metabolic rates
A [细节理解题根第三段中10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of us知选中十众代表A项正确]
7．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight
B．They consumed a bit more calories
C．They burned more fat on average
D．They displayed higher insulin levels
B [推理判断题根第六段中On the other handthey burned slightly more calories (卡路里)on averageduring the workout after breakfast than after fasting知锻炼前吃早餐相言锻炼时燃烧卡路里稍B项正确]
8．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances
B．Too many workouts often slow metabolic rates
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health
D [推理判断题根段中to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first知早饭前锻炼身体带健康方面处更选D]
阅读七选五
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out and get some fresh air 1 According to recent studiesthe answer is a big YESif the air quality in your camping area is good
2 If the air you＇re breathing is clean－which it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities－then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygenIf you exercise out of doorsyour body will learn to breathe more deeplyallowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain
Recentlypeople have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)． 3 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recoveryIt turns out that just looking at greengrowing things can reduce stresslower blood pressureand put people into a better mood(情绪)．Greenery is good for usHospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead 4 It gives us a great feeling of peace
5 While the sun＇s rays can age and harm our skinthey also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D－but still protect your skin－put on sunscreen right as you head outsideIt takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start workingand that＇s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day＇s worth of Vitamin D
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantlywe tend to associate fresh air with health care
G．All across the countryrecovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens
语篇解读 文篇说明文介绍呼吸新鲜空气接然益身心健康
1．E [关联逻辑法解题空格前句说听着说出呼吸点新鲜空气长空格句说答案肯定判断E项新鲜空气真妈妈总说样处？符合语境设空类型属细节理解类]
2．A [设题位置法解题根空格容知果呼吸空气干净空气中充满维持生命充满活力氧气果户外锻炼身体会学会深呼吸更氧气进入肌肉脑段说呼吸新鲜空气处A项新鲜空气清洁肺符合语境设空类型属段落题句类]
3．G [词汇锁定法解题空格these placesG项中recovery centers相呼应G项全国康复中心已开始建造康复花园符合语境设空类型属细节理解类]
4．C [关联逻辑法解题空格前介绍接然绿色植物病康复益空格句说心种极感觉推断出空格处应该表达置身然处选C项置身然精神焕发设空类型细节理解类]
5．D [设题位置法解题空格句说然阳光会皮肤衰老受伤害阳光带益维生素D应该呼吸新鲜空气附带处D项呼吸新鲜空气附带处阳光符合语境D项中sunlight空格the sun＇s rays相呼应设空类型属段落题句类]
完形填空
(2018·江苏卷)
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment Their savings had been 1 to pay lawyers＇ fees To make matters worse Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a 2 disease There was no 3 only pain relief
Failing to find any other way out they decided to make a 4 journey as they caught sight of an old hikers＇(徒步旅行者)guide
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 5 recovery When leaving home Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank They planned to keep the 6 low by living on boiled noodles with the 7 hamburger shop treat
Wild camping is 8 in England To avoid being caught the Winns had to get their tent up 9 and packed it away early in the morning The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 10 than they remember it was in their 20s Raynor 11 all over and desired a bath Moth meanwhile after an initial 12 found his symptoms were strangely 13 by their daily tiring journey
14 the couple found that their bodies turned for the better with refound strong muscles that they thought had 15 forever Our hair was fried and falling out nails broken clothes 16 to a thread but we were alive
During the journey Raynor began a career as a nature writer She writes 17 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare an empty page at the end of a(n) 18 written book It had also given me a 19 either to leave that page 20 or to keep writing the story with hope I chose hope
语篇解读 文篇记叙文文章讲述Winn夫妇投资失败变更糟糕丈夫诊断出严重疾病然没放弃决定徒步野外旅行出意料丈夫症状渐渐减少夫妇二变越越强壮妻子开始然作家生涯
1．A．drawn up B．used up
C．backed up D．kept up
B [根面to pay lawyers＇ fees提示知积蓄光选B]
2．A．mild B．common
C．preventable D．serious
D [根句There was no______ only pain relief知Moth诊断出严重疾病选D]
3．A．cure B．luck
C．care D．promise
A [考查名词语境理解名词cure里表示治疗方法没治疗方法止疼选A]
4．A．business B．walking
C．bus D．rail
B [根句as they caught sight of an old hikers＇(徒步旅行者)guide知决定做次徒步旅行选B]
5．A．expected B．frightening
C．disappointing D．surprising
D [次漫长旅程收惊康复效果选D]
6．A．budget B．revenue
C．compensation D．allowance
A [计划吃煮面条维持低预算选A]
7．A．frequent B．occasional
C．abundant D．constant
B [根语境知偶尔汉堡包店款选B]
8．A．unpopular B．lawful
C．attractive D．illegal
D [根句To avoid being caught知英国野营非法选D]
9．A．soon B．early
C．late D．slowly
C [根句and packed it away early in the morning中early提示知晚时候帐篷搭起选C]
10．A．harder B．easier
C．cheaper D．funnier
A [Winns夫妇快发现50岁时徒步旅行记忆中20岁时艰难选A]
11．A．rolled B．bled
C．ached D．trembled
C [根常识知50岁徒步旅行天会浑身疼选C]
12．A．struggle B．progress
C．excitement D．research
A [初病魔做斗争Moth发现症状思议减少选A]
13．A．developed B．controlled
C．reduced D．increased
C [参见题解析]
14．A．Initially B．Eventually
C．Temporarily D．Consequently
B [终(eventually)夫妇发现身体转选B]
15．A．gained B．kept
C．wounded D．lost
D [根前句with refound strong muscles知原永远失强壮肌肉重新出现选D]
16．A．sewn B．washed
C．worn D．ironed
C [里指衣服破成线状物选C]
17．A．Doctors B．Hiking
C．Lawyers D．Homelessness
D [根语境知家夺走物质贫洗已写书空白页选D]
18．A．well B．partly
C．neatly D．originally
B [参见题解析]
19．A．choice B．reward
C．promise D．break
A [根句either to leave that page______ or to keep writing the story with hope中eitheror知里种选择种选择选A]
20．A．loose B．full
C．blank D．missing
C [根前文中an empty page at the end of a(n)______ written book知留页空白带着希继续事选C]
1．intake n (食物饮料等)摄取量吸入量
2．contrary adj 相立相反
3．portion n (食物)份客
4．viewership n (电视节目频道)观众数观众类型
5．version n
(电影剧乐曲等)版改编形式改写
6．inactive adj活跃
7．representative n．代表
8．tissue n．(动植物细胞)组织 纸巾手巾纸
9．overnight adv夜间夜间
10．workout n 锻炼
11．implication n 含意暗示
12．skip v
做(应做事等)参加跳跃跳绳遗漏跳读
13．energize v 活跃 精力充沛 激励
14．oxygen n 氧气
15．greenery n 绿色植物
16．ray n．光线
17．refresh v 恢复精力凉爽
18．unaccustomed adj惯奇怪
1．companion n 伙伴侣伴陪伴指南手册
2．appetite n 食欲胃口强烈欲
3．conduct v 组织实施进行指挥(音乐)
带领引导举止表现传导(热电)
4 significantly adv重意义显著
5．adjust v 调整……适合校准
6．branch n 分支分公司分部树枝支流岔路
7．recover v 恢复弥补
8．investment n 投资投入
9．treat n．&v 款招
1．consume v．吃喝饮消耗耗费(燃料量时间等)→consumption n (量食物材料)消耗消耗量→consumer n．消费者
2．influence n．& v 影响作……起作 →influential adj 影响支配力
3．individual adj& n．独特体→individually adv 单独
4．behave v．举止→behavio(u)r n．行举动
5．fit adj 健康强健适合胜 v．适合(衣服)合身适应胜 n．适合合身→fitness n 健壮健康适合
6．addition n．增加物→ additional adj附加外
7．benefit n．& v 优势益处成效(某)受益益利→beneficial adj 利裨益
8．breathe v．呼吸 →breath n．呼吸
9．harm v．伤害→harmful adj害→harmless adj害
1．help oneself to 便吃行取
2．hold back 隐瞒退缩抑制阻止
3．for better and worse 坏
4．turn out 结果……证明……
5．to make matters worse 更糟糕
6．catch sight of 瞥见
[时演练]单句语法填空
1．I think all of us should mind our behavior(behave) in public places
2．She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics
3．Some compromises were unavoidable but the video turned out perfect
4．It＇s just an informal party so it＇s not fit for you to dress(dress) like that
5．The students benefiting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life taking full advantage of the college＇s chances and resources
6．The moment he caught sight of the police the thief ran away as fast as he could
7．We were lucky to be invited to a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra conducted (conduct)by Sir Colin Davis
8．My father has made a full recovery (recover)from the operation
9．This is the main factor driving investment(invest) in the area
Ⅰ熟词生义(写出句中黑体词汉语意思)
1．An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first吃
2．While the sun＇s rays can age and harm our skin they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．变老
Ⅱ 似易实难
1．But if a thin person eats a lotI＇ll follow suit If he can eat much and keep slimwhy can＇t I
[译文]果瘦吃会做果吃保持身材什呢？
2．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of us
[译文]首先找10超重活跃方面健康年轻男性生活方式坏代表数
Ⅲ复杂晦涩(分析句子结构译成汉语)
1．Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health
[分析] 句复合句that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body定语句修饰先行词proteins
[译文] 基中会产生改善全身血糖调节胰岛素水蛋白质改善新陈代谢关
2．The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first
[分析] 句复合句that引导表语句中to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise作目状语
[译文] 研究结果暗示想运动中获健康益处先吃东西
3．If the air you＇re breathing is clean－which it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities－then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygen
[分析] 句复合句If 引导条件状语句句then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygenyou＇re breathing 定语句修饰先行词the airwhich it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities定语句修饰破折号前句子
[译文] 果呼吸空气污染－－远离城市雾霾空气污染－－空气满充满生命力活力氧气
4．It had also given me a choice either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope
[分析] 句谓＋双宾语简单句eitheror连接两定式短语作choice定语
[译文] 选择页留白带着希继续写事
1．order n．秩序次序命令订购点饭菜 vt命令求订购点(饭菜)
(1)in order of ……序
in order 整齐秩序井然序
out of order 发生障混乱
place an order for sthwith sb某订购某物
(2)order sbto do sth命令某做某事
order＋that句(虚拟语气) 命令……
(3)orderly adj整齐井然
disorder n．秩序混乱
order a taxi in advance 提前订出租车
place an order for some tea with your company
公司订购茶
be as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order
忙着整理房间
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Ordered(order) over a week ago the books are expected to arrive any time now
②Let＇s number the letters of the alphabet in order from 1 to 26
③But rules alone don＇t secure an orderly(order) society It is the people who obey the rules that matter
④At thirteen I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder(order)．
[力提升]－－句译
医生求休息月
①The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month
②The doctor ordered that I should take a rest for a month
[名师点津] 列动词名词性句常虚拟语气：坚持：insist二命令：order command三建议：suggest advise recommend四求：demand request require desire加敦促：urge
2．wear v (式 wore分词 worn)穿戴蓄留(发须等)流露面带呈现(某种神态)磨损消耗旧穿破磨出(洞)耐耐穿耐磨
(1)wear awaywear sth away(重复)变薄变光滑磨薄磨光
wear off 逐渐消失消逝逐渐停止
wear yourselfsb out 疲乏筋疲力厌烦
wear thin 开始变弱变受欢迎变兴趣索然
wear outwear sth out磨薄穿破磨损坏
wear your heart on your sleeve感情外露心事挂脸
(2)worn adj 坏旧筋疲力
worn out 废旧疲惫堪
wear a maskwear glasses 戴口罩戴眼镜
wear hair longwear a beard梳着长发留胡须
wear a puzzled look流露出迷惑解神情
the gradual replacement of wornout equipment
破旧设备逐渐更新
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①There are two worn (wear) armchairs in the room which belong to the professional player
②He wore (wear) a quite expensive coat to work only to be ruined in the rain last week
③Can we sit down I am worn (wear) out
[力提升]－－句译
继续样拼命工作身体会吃消
①You＇ll break down if you carry on working so hard(break down)
②You＇ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard(wear yourself out)
3．design n 设计图案构思 vt设计构思计划
(1)design sthfor某目途制造计划
be designed forto do sth目……
(2)by design(＝on purpose)意蓄意
by accidentby chance偶然
a brilliant design绝妙设计
specially designed software 专门设计软件
the design for the new sports centre 新体育中心草图
a bowl with a flower design 花卉图案碗
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially designed to help (help) them succeed academically and personally
②Designed(design) for English beginners the dictionaries were sold out on the day when it came out
③Whether by chance or by design it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station
[力提升]－－句式升级
设计项目帮助困难学生结果计划样
普通表达：This project was designed to help the students in needBut it just didn＇t work out as planned
①高级表达：This project designed to help the students in need just didn＇t work out as planned(分词短语作定语)
②高级表达：This project which was designed to help the students in need just didn＇t work out as planned(定语句)
4．occasion n．时机机会场合
(1)on occasion 时偶尔
on one occasion
on the occasion of ……时候……际
on no occasion 绝(放句首时句子倒装)
(2)occasional adj 偶尔时
occasionally adv时偶尔
[名师点津] 放句首部分倒装介词短语：at no timeby no meansunder no circumstances in no wayin no case on no account等
a greatmemorablehappy occasion
伟难忘欢乐庆典
if the occasion arises果机会话
an occasion for all the family to celebrate 全家庆祝机会
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Apart from an occasional (occasion) noise from the elephant＇s stomach the forest was silent
②I＇ve been writing this report occasionally(occasional) for the last two weeks but it has to be handed in tomorrow
③I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions
[力提升]－－词汇升级
普通表达：You should never try to cheat others on occasion for they find you dishonest they will never believe you anymore
高级表达：On no occasion should you try to cheat others for they find you dishonest they will never believe you anymore
5．additional adj 附加额外外加
(1)additionally adv 外外
(2)addto ……加入……
add to增加增添
add up ……加起
add up to 加起总计达
add (that) 补充说接着说……
(3)addition n．加(数)加法增加
in addition 外
in addition to ……外
additional resourcesfundssecurity
额外资源附加基金外加安保措施
add to our knowledge and understanding of our country
增添知识国家解
little steps add up to big dreams 进步成梦想
in addition to improving creativity 提高创造力外
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Additionally(additional) the bus service will run on Sundays every two hours
②Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money
③Add up all the money you＇ve received this month and you will find you can afford a new computer
④The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks adding(add) that he had enjoyed his stay here
[力提升]－－词汇升级
普通表达：Besides you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
①高级表达：Additionally you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
②高级表达：In additionyou should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
6．harm n．&vt损害危害
(1)causedo harm to ……造成伤害害
(2)be harmful to……害
harmful adj 害
harmless adj害
(3)there is no harm in doing sth做某事没害处
never do anyone any harm 绝害处
harm her chances of winning the election利赢选举
the harmful effects of tobacco烟草害处
be harmful to children＇s teeth童牙齿害
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people
②However no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence
③He may not be able to help but there＇s no harm in asking(ask) him
[力提升]－－句译
男生玩电脑游戏简直痴迷程度 健康非常害
①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer which is very harmful to their health．(harmful)
②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer which does great harm to their health．(harm n．)
1．The participants followed suittaking more food than they normally would have．
参者做吃食物通常
[句型公式] would have(taken)虚拟语气表示事实相反假设
虚拟条件句句谓语形式纳：
句谓语
句谓语
现事实相反
weredid
wouldshouldcouldmight do
事实相反
should dodidwere to do
wouldshouldcouldmight do
事实相反
had done
wouldshouldcouldmight have done
(1)含蓄条件句without but for otherwise or but等词引导
(2)含蓄虚拟结构中果表示现事实相反假设句谓语动词wouldcouldmight＋do 果表示事实相反假设句谓语动词wouldcouldmight＋have done
[名师点津] 果条件句中包含were had should时if省略掉时were had should放语前面(种结构口语中较少)
(1)If we had made adequate preparations we might have succeeded
→Had we made adequate preparationswe might have succeeded
(2)If there were no gravity there would be no air around us
→Were there no gravity there would be no air around us
(3)If it should rain tomorrow the meeting would be put off
→Should it rain tomorrow the meeting would be put off
[金句推送] If we hadn＇t had his supportWithout his support we wouldn＇t be where we are now
假没支持会取现成
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①If he hadn＇t experienced wartime Hemingway wouldn＇t have written(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms
②It is lucky we booked a room or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now
③I would have gone to my cousin＇s birthday party last night but I was(be) not available
[力提升]－－句译
没英语老师帮助会英语写作赛中获第名
①If it hadn＇t been for the help of my English teacher I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition(if句)
②I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition without the help of my English teacher(without引导含蓄虚拟)
2．But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significantthe researchers found
研究员发现脂肪细胞深层影响显著
[句型公式] 句中it wasthat强调句型句中强调语
(1)强调句型基结构：It iswas＋强调部分＋that who ＋句子余部分．
(2)强调句般疑问句：WasIs it＋强调部分＋that＋句子余部分？
强调句特殊疑问句：疑问词(强调部分)＋iswas＋it＋that＋句子余部分？
(3)not until强调句型：It iswas not until＋强调部分＋that＋部分．
[名师点津] (1)强调句型中引导词it (实际意义引导强调部分)that实际意义起语法连接作
(2)句型强调点状语时间状语语宾语等果强调部分that换成who情况that
[易错提醒] 般说果句子中It iswasthat掉原成完整句子句子意思然完整强调句型否句
[金句推送] It＇s not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy
生活快乐做喜欢事喜欢做事
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed
[力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：I didn＇t realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses
①高级表达：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star (强调句)
②高级表达：Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous film star(倒装句)
[名师点津] 强调谓语动词时dodoesdid＋动词原形
夯基固·知识落实
Ⅰ词正确形式填空
1．To solve this problem our company put out the household robot specially designed(design)to take care of old people
2．Occasionally (occasional) I＇ll have a piece of chocolate but it＇s quite rare
3．What is known to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health
4．The film star wears (wear) sunglasses Therefore he can go shopping without being recognized
5．The general director of the project ordered that the work (should) be started (start) at once
Ⅱ空白处填入适词
1．Besides it is on some occasions more convenient to use English words
2．It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health
3．The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published
4．Try as I might I couldn＇t get my car startedin other wordsit was out of order
5．I ran all the way to school yesterday otherwiseor I would have been late for the annual talent show
强技提·知识应
Ⅰ完形填空
(2020·太原市阶段性测评)I woke up to the sound of the alarm clock at six in the morningI walked down the stairs 1 still wanting to go back and sleep for 2 hour or soBut that idea soon 3 as the words of the doctorwhom I had met the previous day 4 inside my headA few weeks before thiswhen I had been in ParisI had felt some 5 heaviness in my chestOn returningI went to a(n) 6 who cautioned me to work on my 7 ．So there I wasjogging down a 8 narrow laneA few weeks went byand every day when I went to jogI saw an old man 9 on that benchAnd I just couldn＇t 10 why he was there doing nothingMy 11 was building up as each day 12 ．
The next morningI went and sat beside him on the 13 ．I asked himWhy are you seated here every day？He answeredBecause this is the most beautiful place that I know 14 I asked againWhat is so beautiful about this place？He saidLookAnd I tried to 15 ．I saw the rising sun shining from behind the cloudsand several rays penetrating (穿)through themBirds were singing 16 from the trees of the surrounding wildernessThe water glittered in the sunlightand it looked as if there was a 17 of light between me and the faroff mountainsI had been through that place 18 timesbut I had never lookedit was one of the most beautiful places I＇d ever seenAnd I realized that I don＇t have to travel miles to 19 the beautyAll I have to do is to look 20
语篇解读 作者锻炼身体天偏僻路慢跑观察位老天天坐长凳事事引起作者奇心作者决定前探究竟作者意识美身边需心观察
1．A．badtempered B．warmhearted
C．halfawake D．fastmoving
C [根文表述作者早晨闹钟醒空表述作者想返回睡觉推知处应作者半醒状态楼梯halfawake半醒]
2．A．other B．another
C．the other D．the others
B [作者早晨六点闹钟醒处应作者想返回睡时another]
3．A．occurred B．disappeared
C．came D．spread
B [根But知处应想法快消失(disappeared)]
4．A．heard B．described
C．reacted D．resounded
D [根语境知处应医生说话作者脑海里回响resound意回响]
5．A．strange B．delighted
C．necessary D．unique
A [根文提医生知处应作者感胸部莫名沉闷巴黎回医生]
6．A．doctor B．teacher
C．agent D．policeman
A [参见题解析]
7．A．mind B．appearance
C．fitness D．assignment
C [根文作者身体出现问题知处应医生告诫作者努力改善健康(fitness)]
8．A．various B．wide
C．fast D．lonely
D [根文中wilderness知处应作者条偏僻狭窄路慢跑lonely意偏僻]
9．A．sitting B．standing
C．approaching D．sleeping
A [根文中Why are you seated here every day？知作者位老坐条长凳]
10．A．take out B．look out
C．turn out D．figure out
D [根文作者询问老知处应作者明白什位老天天坐里事事figure out弄明白]
11．A．judgment B．curiosity
C．observation D．power
B [文表述作者明白老做原处应着日子天天作者奇心日俱增]
12．A．passed B．remained
C．spared D．reached
A [参见题解析]
13．A．bed B．bench
C．sofa D．land
B [根文中on that bench文作者询问老什天坐里知作者坐长凳老身旁]
14．A．Worried B．Satisfied
C．Interested D．Confused
D [根空I asked again知作者老回答感困惑次询问]
15．A．speed up B．get away
C．look around D．come along
C [根空前He said＇Look＇知作者位老话四处观察look around四察]
16．A．terribly B．nervously
C．sweetly D．patiently
C [处描绘方美丽处处表示鸟愉悦 (sweetly)歌唱]
17．A．wall B．path
C．length D．speed
B [水面阳光闪闪发光起作者远山间条光线路]
18．A．many B．few
C．rare D．any
A [根文作者天附慢跑知处表示作者方次作者没(认真)]
19．A．respect B．desire
C．attract D．admire
D [作者意识没必奔波数英里远方欣赏美作者做心贴然观察然]
20．A．luckily B．completely
C．closely D．mainly
C [参见题解析]
Ⅱ语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journalrunners live three years 1______(long) than nonrunners You don＇t have to run fast or for long 2______(see) the benefitYou may drinksmokebe overweight and still reduce your risk of 3______(die) early by running
While running regularly can＇t make you live foreverthe review says it 4______(be) more effective at lengthening life 5______ walkingcycling or swimming Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7______(cause)．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will doBut otherwiseit＇s probably runningTo avoid knee painyou can run on soft surfacesdo exercises to 8______(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)avoid hills and get good running shoesRunning is cheapeasy and it＇s always 9______(energy)．If you are time pooryou need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sportsso perhaps we should all give 10______ a try
语篇解读 文篇说明文介绍跑步带种益处
1．longer [考查副词较级句中thanlong较级longer]
2．to see [考查非谓语动词句谓语动词处应非谓语动词分析句子结构句意知处应动词定式to see作目状语]
3．dying [考查非谓语动词短语reduce one＇s risk of降低某……风险处介词of动词ing形式作宾语]
4．is [考查动词时态谓致文介绍跑步处通篇般现时句中宾语句句时态应保持致般现时宾语句中语itis]
5．than [考查介词根句中more知处应介词than引出较象处表示跑步散步骑行游泳更效延长寿命填than]
6．thatwhich [考查定语句分析句子结构知处引导定语句先行词a study定语句中缺少语填关系代词thatwhich]
7．causes [考查名词单复数处cause数名词意原句中all表示应数名词复数形式填causes]
8．strengthen [考查非谓语动词分析句子结构知处动词定式作目状语空应填动词strengthen意增强加强]
9．energetic [考查形容词and连接两列分句两分句表示跑步特征and前面cheapeasy均形容词处应形容词energetic作表语意需量剧烈]
10．itrunning [考查固定搭配give it a try固定搭配意试试根语境知it指代running填itrunning]
话题写作
Step 1写作点(根汉语提示补全英文句子)
①知道没什健康更珍贵
As we all know nothing is more precious than health．
②日常生活中保持学娱乐相衡重
In our daily life it is very important to keep a balance between study and pleasure．
③均衡饮食规律锻炼帮助保持健康
A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy
④常熬夜电视玩电脑游戏
A great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games
⑤保持健康应该减少网时间
In order to keep fit we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet
⑥求(网)时间应该限定天三时
It＇s required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day
⑦益健康应该做运动拥足够睡眠
For the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep
⑧利身心健康
This will benefit us both physically and mentally
Step 2表达升级(改变句子结构表达升级)
①of＋n 升级句②
In our daily life it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure．
②非限制性定语句合句⑦句⑧
For the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep which will benefit us both physically and mentally
Step 3衔接成文(利恰渡衔接词语连句成篇)
As we all know nothing is more precious than health In our daily life it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure Meanwhile a balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy However a great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games In order to keep fit we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet It＇s required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day In addition for the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep which will benefit us both physically and mentally
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A (2020·新高考卷Ⅰ·D)
According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Researchboth the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intakeAnd contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portionsit＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid
To test the effect of social influence on eating habitsthe researchers conducted two experimentsIn the first95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly (表面) participate in a study about movie viewershipBefore the film beganeach woman was asked to help herself to a snackAn actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food firstIn her natural statethe actor weighed 105 poundsBut in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds
Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food The participants followed suittaking more food than they normally would have Howeverthey took significantly more when the actor was thin
For the second testin one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowlsIn the other caseshe took 30 piecesThe results were similar to the first test：the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces
The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we＇re making decisionsIf this fellow participant is going to eat moreso will I．Call it the I＇ll have what she＇s having effectHoweverwe＇ll adjust the influenceIf an overweight person is having a large portionI＇ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habitsBut if a thin person eats a lotI＇ll follow suitIf he can eat much and keep slimwhy can＇t I
语篇解读 文篇应文讲述研究表明进食伴会影响饮食惯想减肥应避免食量瘦起进食
1．What is the recent study mainly about
A．Food safety
B．Movie viewership
C．Consumer demand
D．Eating behavior
D [旨意题通读全文知文章第段全文题段消费者研究杂志项研究表明饮食伴体型饮食惯会影响食物摄入量避免食量瘦起进食结合全文容知文介绍饮食行D项正确]
2．What does the underlined word beanpoles in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Big eaters
B．Overweight persons
C．Picky eaters
D．Tall thin persons
D [词义猜测题根第段第二句And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份) it＇s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid知研究表明现研究发现(应该避免食量胖起吃饭)相反真正需避开胃口高瘦根contrary to知画线词heavier people含义相反D项正确]
3．Why did the researchers hire the actor
A．To see how she would affect the participants
B．To test if the participants could recognize her
C．To find out what she would do in the two tests
D．To study why she could keep her weight down
A [推理判断题根第二段中To test the effect of social influence on eating habitsthe researchers conducted two experiments知验证社交饮食惯影响研究员进行两实验结合文介绍两实验知聘演员参加实验旨查演员参加实验饮食惯影响A项正确]
4．On what basis do we adjust the influence according to the last paragraph
A．How hungry we are
B．How slim we want to be
C．How we perceive others
D．How we feel about the food
C [推理判断题根尾段中If this fellow participant is going to eat moreso will Ibecause I see the results of his eating habits知果伴算吃更会吃更调整影响果超重吃会稍微保留点饮食惯结果推知饮食调整分析饮食惯结果()基础C项正确]
B (2020·江苏卷·C)
For those who can stomach itworking out before breakfast may be more beneficial for health than eating firstaccording to a study of meal timing and physical activity
Athletes and scientists have long known that meal timing affects performanceHoweverfar less has been known about how meal timing and exercise might affect general health
To find outBritish scientists conducted a studyThey first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of usThey tested the men＇s fitness and resting metabolic (新陈代谢) rates and took samples (样品) of their blood and fat tissue
Thenon two separate morning visits to the scientists＇ labeach man walked for an hour at an average speed thatin theoryshould allow his body to rely mainly on fat for fuelBefore one of these workoutsthe men skipped breakfastmeaning that they exercised on a completely empty stomach after a long overnight fast(禁食)．On the other occasionthey ate a rich morning meal about two hours before they started walking
Just before and an hour after each workoutthe scientists took additional samples of the men＇s blood and fat tissue
Then they compared the samplesThere were considerable differencesMost obviouslythe men displayed lower blood sugar levels at the start of their workouts when they had skipped breakfast than when they had eatenAs a resultthey burned more fat during walks on an empty stomach than when they had eaten firstOn the other handthey burned slightly more calories (卡路里)on averageduring the workout after breakfast than after fasting
But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significantthe researchers foundMultiple genes behaved differentlydepending on whether someone had eaten or not before walkingMany of these genes produce proteins (蛋白质) that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin (胰岛素) levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic healthThese genes were much more active when the men had fasted before exercise than when they had breakfasted
The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first
语篇解读 文篇说明文说明早饭前锻炼早饭锻炼身体带处更
5．The underlined expression stomach it in Paragraph 1 most probably means ______．
A．digest the meal easily
B．manage without breakfast
C．decide wisely what to eat
D．eat whatever is offered
B [词义猜测题处考查stomach熟词生义该词句中意忍受外结合常识判断锻炼前吃早饭受处意果忍受空腹话吃早餐前锻炼吃早餐锻炼处更B项正确]
6．Why were the 10 people chosen for the experiment
A．Their lifestyles were typical of ordinary people
B．Their lack of exercise led to overweight
C．They could walk at an average speed
D．They had slow metabolic rates
A [细节理解题根第三段中10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of us知选中十众代表A项正确]
7．What happened to those who ate breakfast before exercise
A．They successfully lost weight
B．They consumed a bit more calories
C．They burned more fat on average
D．They displayed higher insulin levels
B [推理判断题根第六段中On the other handthey burned slightly more calories (卡路里)on averageduring the workout after breakfast than after fasting知锻炼前吃早餐相言锻炼时燃烧卡路里稍B项正确]
8．What could be learned from the research
A．A workout after breakfast improves gene performances
B．Too many workouts often slow metabolic rates
C．Lifestyle is not as important as morning exercise
D．Physical exercise before breakfast is better for health
D [推理判断题根段中to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first知早饭前锻炼身体带健康方面处更选D]
阅读七选五
(2019·全国卷Ⅰ)
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You
We all grew up hearing people tell us to go out and get some fresh air 1 According to recent studiesthe answer is a big YESif the air quality in your camping area is good
2 If the air you＇re breathing is clean－which it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities－then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygenIf you exercise out of doorsyour body will learn to breathe more deeplyallowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain
Recentlypeople have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈)． 3 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recoveryIt turns out that just looking at greengrowing things can reduce stresslower blood pressureand put people into a better mood(情绪)．Greenery is good for usHospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead 4 It gives us a great feeling of peace
5 While the sun＇s rays can age and harm our skinthey also give us beneficial Vitamin D．To make sure you get enough Vitamin D－but still protect your skin－put on sunscreen right as you head outsideIt takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start workingand that＇s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day＇s worth of Vitamin D
A．Fresh air cleans our lungs
B．So what are you waiting for
C．Being in nature refreshes us
D．Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight
E．But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said
F．Just as importantlywe tend to associate fresh air with health care
G．All across the countryrecovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens
语篇解读 文篇说明文介绍呼吸新鲜空气接然益身心健康
1．E [关联逻辑法解题空格前句说听着说出呼吸点新鲜空气长空格句说答案肯定判断E项新鲜空气真妈妈总说样处？符合语境设空类型属细节理解类]
2．A [设题位置法解题根空格容知果呼吸空气干净空气中充满维持生命充满活力氧气果户外锻炼身体会学会深呼吸更氧气进入肌肉脑段说呼吸新鲜空气处A项新鲜空气清洁肺符合语境设空类型属段落题句类]
3．G [词汇锁定法解题空格these placesG项中recovery centers相呼应G项全国康复中心已开始建造康复花园符合语境设空类型属细节理解类]
4．C [关联逻辑法解题空格前介绍接然绿色植物病康复益空格句说心种极感觉推断出空格处应该表达置身然处选C项置身然精神焕发设空类型细节理解类]
5．D [设题位置法解题空格句说然阳光会皮肤衰老受伤害阳光带益维生素D应该呼吸新鲜空气附带处D项呼吸新鲜空气附带处阳光符合语境D项中sunlight空格the sun＇s rays相呼应设空类型属段落题句类]
完形填空
(2018·江苏卷)
Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong investment Their savings had been 1 to pay lawyers＇ fees To make matters worse Moth was diagnosed(诊断)with a 2 disease There was no 3 only pain relief
Failing to find any other way out they decided to make a 4 journey as they caught sight of an old hikers＇(徒步旅行者)guide
This was a long journey of unaccustomed hardship and 5 recovery When leaving home Raynor and Moth had just ￡320 in the bank They planned to keep the 6 low by living on boiled noodles with the 7 hamburger shop treat
Wild camping is 8 in England To avoid being caught the Winns had to get their tent up 9 and packed it away early in the morning The Winns soon discovered that daily hiking in their 50s is a lot 10 than they remember it was in their 20s Raynor 11 all over and desired a bath Moth meanwhile after an initial 12 found his symptoms were strangely 13 by their daily tiring journey
14 the couple found that their bodies turned for the better with refound strong muscles that they thought had 15 forever Our hair was fried and falling out nails broken clothes 16 to a thread but we were alive
During the journey Raynor began a career as a nature writer She writes 17 had taken every material thing from me and left me torn bare an empty page at the end of a(n) 18 written book It had also given me a 19 either to leave that page 20 or to keep writing the story with hope I chose hope
语篇解读 文篇记叙文文章讲述Winn夫妇投资失败变更糟糕丈夫诊断出严重疾病然没放弃决定徒步野外旅行出意料丈夫症状渐渐减少夫妇二变越越强壮妻子开始然作家生涯
1．A．drawn up B．used up
C．backed up D．kept up
B [根面to pay lawyers＇ fees提示知积蓄光选B]
2．A．mild B．common
C．preventable D．serious
D [根句There was no______ only pain relief知Moth诊断出严重疾病选D]
3．A．cure B．luck
C．care D．promise
A [考查名词语境理解名词cure里表示治疗方法没治疗方法止疼选A]
4．A．business B．walking
C．bus D．rail
B [根句as they caught sight of an old hikers＇(徒步旅行者)guide知决定做次徒步旅行选B]
5．A．expected B．frightening
C．disappointing D．surprising
D [次漫长旅程收惊康复效果选D]
6．A．budget B．revenue
C．compensation D．allowance
A [计划吃煮面条维持低预算选A]
7．A．frequent B．occasional
C．abundant D．constant
B [根语境知偶尔汉堡包店款选B]
8．A．unpopular B．lawful
C．attractive D．illegal
D [根句To avoid being caught知英国野营非法选D]
9．A．soon B．early
C．late D．slowly
C [根句and packed it away early in the morning中early提示知晚时候帐篷搭起选C]
10．A．harder B．easier
C．cheaper D．funnier
A [Winns夫妇快发现50岁时徒步旅行记忆中20岁时艰难选A]
11．A．rolled B．bled
C．ached D．trembled
C [根常识知50岁徒步旅行天会浑身疼选C]
12．A．struggle B．progress
C．excitement D．research
A [初病魔做斗争Moth发现症状思议减少选A]
13．A．developed B．controlled
C．reduced D．increased
C [参见题解析]
14．A．Initially B．Eventually
C．Temporarily D．Consequently
B [终(eventually)夫妇发现身体转选B]
15．A．gained B．kept
C．wounded D．lost
D [根前句with refound strong muscles知原永远失强壮肌肉重新出现选D]
16．A．sewn B．washed
C．worn D．ironed
C [里指衣服破成线状物选C]
17．A．Doctors B．Hiking
C．Lawyers D．Homelessness
D [根语境知家夺走物质贫洗已写书空白页选D]
18．A．well B．partly
C．neatly D．originally
B [参见题解析]
19．A．choice B．reward
C．promise D．break
A [根句either to leave that page______ or to keep writing the story with hope中eitheror知里种选择种选择选A]
20．A．loose B．full
C．blank D．missing
C [根前文中an empty page at the end of a(n)______ written book知留页空白带着希继续事选C]
1．intake n (食物饮料等)摄取量吸入量
2．contrary adj 相立相反
3．portion n (食物)份客
4．viewership n (电视节目频道)观众数观众类型
5．version n
(电影剧乐曲等)版改编形式改写
6．inactive adj活跃
7．representative n．代表
8．tissue n．(动植物细胞)组织 纸巾手巾纸
9．overnight adv夜间夜间
10．workout n 锻炼
11．implication n 含意暗示
12．skip v
做(应做事等)参加跳跃跳绳遗漏跳读
13．energize v 活跃 精力充沛 激励
14．oxygen n 氧气
15．greenery n 绿色植物
16．ray n．光线
17．refresh v 恢复精力凉爽
18．unaccustomed adj惯奇怪
1．companion n 伙伴侣伴陪伴指南手册
2．appetite n 食欲胃口强烈欲
3．conduct v 组织实施进行指挥(音乐)
带领引导举止表现传导(热电)
4 significantly adv重意义显著
5．adjust v 调整……适合校准
6．branch n 分支分公司分部树枝支流岔路
7．recover v 恢复弥补
8．investment n 投资投入
9．treat n．&v 款招
1．consume v．吃喝饮消耗耗费(燃料量时间等)→consumption n (量食物材料)消耗消耗量→consumer n．消费者
2．influence n．& v 影响作……起作 →influential adj 影响支配力
3．individual adj& n．独特体→individually adv 单独
4．behave v．举止→behavio(u)r n．行举动
5．fit adj 健康强健适合胜 v．适合(衣服)合身适应胜 n．适合合身→fitness n 健壮健康适合
6．addition n．增加物→ additional adj附加外
7．benefit n．& v 优势益处成效(某)受益益利→beneficial adj 利裨益
8．breathe v．呼吸 →breath n．呼吸
9．harm v．伤害→harmful adj害→harmless adj害
1．help oneself to 便吃行取
2．hold back 隐瞒退缩抑制阻止
3．for better and worse 坏
4．turn out 结果……证明……
5．to make matters worse 更糟糕
6．catch sight of 瞥见
[时演练]单句语法填空
1．I think all of us should mind our behavior(behave) in public places
2．She is one of the most influential(influence) figures in local politics
3．Some compromises were unavoidable but the video turned out perfect
4．It＇s just an informal party so it＇s not fit for you to dress(dress) like that
5．The students benefiting(benefit) most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life taking full advantage of the college＇s chances and resources
6．The moment he caught sight of the police the thief ran away as fast as he could
7．We were lucky to be invited to a concert by the Philharmonic Orchestra conducted (conduct)by Sir Colin Davis
8．My father has made a full recovery (recover)from the operation
9．This is the main factor driving investment(invest) in the area
Ⅰ熟词生义(写出句中黑体词汉语意思)
1．An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first吃
2．While the sun＇s rays can age and harm our skin they also give us beneficial Vitamin D．变老
Ⅱ 似易实难
1．But if a thin person eats a lotI＇ll follow suit If he can eat much and keep slimwhy can＇t I
[译文]果瘦吃会做果吃保持身材什呢？
2．They first found 10 overweight and inactive but otherwise healthy young menwhose lifestyles arefor better and worserepresentative of those of most of us
[译文]首先找10超重活跃方面健康年轻男性生活方式坏代表数
Ⅲ复杂晦涩(分析句子结构译成汉语)
1．Many of these genes produce proteins that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body and so are associated with improved metabolic health
[分析] 句复合句that can improve blood sugar regulation and insulin levels throughout the body定语句修饰先行词proteins
[译文] 基中会产生改善全身血糖调节胰岛素水蛋白质改善新陈代谢关
2．The implication of these results is that to gain the greatest health benefits from exerciseit may be wise to skip eating first
[分析] 句复合句that引导表语句中to gain the greatest health benefits from exercise作目状语
[译文] 研究结果暗示想运动中获健康益处先吃东西
3．If the air you＇re breathing is clean－which it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities－then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygen
[分析] 句复合句If 引导条件状语句句then the air is filled with lifegivingenergizing oxygenyou＇re breathing 定语句修饰先行词the airwhich it would be if you＇re away from the smog of cities定语句修饰破折号前句子
[译文] 果呼吸空气污染－－远离城市雾霾空气污染－－空气满充满生命力活力氧气
4．It had also given me a choice either to leave that page blank or to keep writing the story with hope
[分析] 句谓＋双宾语简单句eitheror连接两定式短语作choice定语
[译文] 选择页留白带着希继续写事
1．order n．秩序次序命令订购点饭菜 vt命令求订购点(饭菜)
(1)in order of ……序
in order 整齐秩序井然序
out of order 发生障混乱
place an order for sthwith sb某订购某物
(2)order sbto do sth命令某做某事
order＋that句(虚拟语气) 命令……
(3)orderly adj整齐井然
disorder n．秩序混乱
order a taxi in advance 提前订出租车
place an order for some tea with your company
公司订购茶
be as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order
忙着整理房间
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Ordered(order) over a week ago the books are expected to arrive any time now
②Let＇s number the letters of the alphabet in order from 1 to 26
③But rules alone don＇t secure an orderly(order) society It is the people who obey the rules that matter
④At thirteen I was diagnosed (诊断) with a kind of attention disorder(order)．
[力提升]－－句译
医生求休息月
①The doctor ordered me to take a rest for a month
②The doctor ordered that I should take a rest for a month
[名师点津] 列动词名词性句常虚拟语气：坚持：insist二命令：order command三建议：suggest advise recommend四求：demand request require desire加敦促：urge
2．wear v (式 wore分词 worn)穿戴蓄留(发须等)流露面带呈现(某种神态)磨损消耗旧穿破磨出(洞)耐耐穿耐磨
(1)wear awaywear sth away(重复)变薄变光滑磨薄磨光
wear off 逐渐消失消逝逐渐停止
wear yourselfsb out 疲乏筋疲力厌烦
wear thin 开始变弱变受欢迎变兴趣索然
wear outwear sth out磨薄穿破磨损坏
wear your heart on your sleeve感情外露心事挂脸
(2)worn adj 坏旧筋疲力
worn out 废旧疲惫堪
wear a maskwear glasses 戴口罩戴眼镜
wear hair longwear a beard梳着长发留胡须
wear a puzzled look流露出迷惑解神情
the gradual replacement of wornout equipment
破旧设备逐渐更新
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①There are two worn (wear) armchairs in the room which belong to the professional player
②He wore (wear) a quite expensive coat to work only to be ruined in the rain last week
③Can we sit down I am worn (wear) out
[力提升]－－句译
继续样拼命工作身体会吃消
①You＇ll break down if you carry on working so hard(break down)
②You＇ll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard(wear yourself out)
3．design n 设计图案构思 vt设计构思计划
(1)design sthfor某目途制造计划
be designed forto do sth目……
(2)by design(＝on purpose)意蓄意
by accidentby chance偶然
a brilliant design绝妙设计
specially designed software 专门设计软件
the design for the new sports centre 新体育中心草图
a bowl with a flower design 花卉图案碗
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Most colleges now offer firstyear students a course specially designed to help (help) them succeed academically and personally
②Designed(design) for English beginners the dictionaries were sold out on the day when it came out
③Whether by chance or by design it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station
[力提升]－－句式升级
设计项目帮助困难学生结果计划样
普通表达：This project was designed to help the students in needBut it just didn＇t work out as planned
①高级表达：This project designed to help the students in need just didn＇t work out as planned(分词短语作定语)
②高级表达：This project which was designed to help the students in need just didn＇t work out as planned(定语句)
4．occasion n．时机机会场合
(1)on occasion 时偶尔
on one occasion
on the occasion of ……时候……际
on no occasion 绝(放句首时句子倒装)
(2)occasional adj 偶尔时
occasionally adv时偶尔
[名师点津] 放句首部分倒装介词短语：at no timeby no meansunder no circumstances in no wayin no case on no account等
a greatmemorablehappy occasion
伟难忘欢乐庆典
if the occasion arises果机会话
an occasion for all the family to celebrate 全家庆祝机会
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Apart from an occasional (occasion) noise from the elephant＇s stomach the forest was silent
②I＇ve been writing this report occasionally(occasional) for the last two weeks but it has to be handed in tomorrow
③I have a suit but I only wear it on special occasions
[力提升]－－词汇升级
普通表达：You should never try to cheat others on occasion for they find you dishonest they will never believe you anymore
高级表达：On no occasion should you try to cheat others for they find you dishonest they will never believe you anymore
5．additional adj 附加额外外加
(1)additionally adv 外外
(2)addto ……加入……
add to增加增添
add up ……加起
add up to 加起总计达
add (that) 补充说接着说……
(3)addition n．加(数)加法增加
in addition 外
in addition to ……外
additional resourcesfundssecurity
额外资源附加基金外加安保措施
add to our knowledge and understanding of our country
增添知识国家解
little steps add up to big dreams 进步成梦想
in addition to improving creativity 提高创造力外
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Additionally(additional) the bus service will run on Sundays every two hours
②Perhaps you think you could easily add to your happiness with more money
③Add up all the money you＇ve received this month and you will find you can afford a new computer
④The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks adding(add) that he had enjoyed his stay here
[力提升]－－词汇升级
普通表达：Besides you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
①高级表达：Additionally you should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
②高级表达：In additionyou should respect all the teachers who unselfishly help you to gain much knowledge
6．harm n．&vt损害危害
(1)causedo harm to ……造成伤害害
(2)be harmful to……害
harmful adj 害
harmless adj害
(3)there is no harm in doing sth做某事没害处
never do anyone any harm 绝害处
harm her chances of winning the election利赢选举
the harmful effects of tobacco烟草害处
be harmful to children＇s teeth童牙齿害
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people
②However no praise from parents also does harm to their selfconfidence
③He may not be able to help but there＇s no harm in asking(ask) him
[力提升]－－句译
男生玩电脑游戏简直痴迷程度 健康非常害
①Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer which is very harmful to their health．(harmful)
②Some boys are too crazy about playing games on the computer which does great harm to their health．(harm n．)
1．The participants followed suittaking more food than they normally would have．
参者做吃食物通常
[句型公式] would have(taken)虚拟语气表示事实相反假设
虚拟条件句句谓语形式纳：
句谓语
句谓语
现事实相反
weredid
wouldshouldcouldmight do
事实相反
should dodidwere to do
wouldshouldcouldmight do
事实相反
had done
wouldshouldcouldmight have done
(1)含蓄条件句without but for otherwise or but等词引导
(2)含蓄虚拟结构中果表示现事实相反假设句谓语动词wouldcouldmight＋do 果表示事实相反假设句谓语动词wouldcouldmight＋have done
[名师点津] 果条件句中包含were had should时if省略掉时were had should放语前面(种结构口语中较少)
(1)If we had made adequate preparations we might have succeeded
→Had we made adequate preparationswe might have succeeded
(2)If there were no gravity there would be no air around us
→Were there no gravity there would be no air around us
(3)If it should rain tomorrow the meeting would be put off
→Should it rain tomorrow the meeting would be put off
[金句推送] If we hadn＇t had his supportWithout his support we wouldn＇t be where we are now
假没支持会取现成
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①If he hadn＇t experienced wartime Hemingway wouldn＇t have written(write) his famous novel A Farewell to Arms
②It is lucky we booked a room or we would have(have) nowhere to stay now
③I would have gone to my cousin＇s birthday party last night but I was(be) not available
[力提升]－－句译
没英语老师帮助会英语写作赛中获第名
①If it hadn＇t been for the help of my English teacher I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition(if句)
②I would not have won the first prize in the English Writing Competition without the help of my English teacher(without引导含蓄虚拟)
2．But it was the effects deep within the fat cells that may have been the most significantthe researchers found
研究员发现脂肪细胞深层影响显著
[句型公式] 句中it wasthat强调句型句中强调语
(1)强调句型基结构：It iswas＋强调部分＋that who ＋句子余部分．
(2)强调句般疑问句：WasIs it＋强调部分＋that＋句子余部分？
强调句特殊疑问句：疑问词(强调部分)＋iswas＋it＋that＋句子余部分？
(3)not until强调句型：It iswas not until＋强调部分＋that＋部分．
[名师点津] (1)强调句型中引导词it (实际意义引导强调部分)that实际意义起语法连接作
(2)句型强调点状语时间状语语宾语等果强调部分that换成who情况that
[易错提醒] 般说果句子中It iswasthat掉原成完整句子句子意思然完整强调句型否句
[金句推送] It＇s not doing the things we like but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy
生活快乐做喜欢事喜欢做事
[基础练]－－单句语法填空
①It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house that we saw Lily in the passenger seat
②Was it because Jack came late for school that Mr Smith got angry
③It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed
[力提升]－－句式升级
普通表达：I didn＇t realize that she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses
①高级表达：It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized that she was a famous film star (强调句)
②高级表达：Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize that she was a famous film star(倒装句)
[名师点津] 强调谓语动词时dodoesdid＋动词原形
夯基固·知识落实
Ⅰ词正确形式填空
1．To solve this problem our company put out the household robot specially designed(design)to take care of old people
2．Occasionally (occasional) I＇ll have a piece of chocolate but it＇s quite rare
3．What is known to us all is that drinking too much is harmful(harm) to your health
4．The film star wears (wear) sunglasses Therefore he can go shopping without being recognized
5．The general director of the project ordered that the work (should) be started (start) at once
Ⅱ空白处填入适词
1．Besides it is on some occasions more convenient to use English words
2．It was not until he got seriously ill that he knew the importance of health
3．The dictionary is out of date：many words have been added to the language since it was published
4．Try as I might I couldn＇t get my car startedin other wordsit was out of order
5．I ran all the way to school yesterday otherwiseor I would have been late for the annual talent show
强技提·知识应
Ⅰ完形填空
(2020·太原市阶段性测评)I woke up to the sound of the alarm clock at six in the morningI walked down the stairs 1 still wanting to go back and sleep for 2 hour or soBut that idea soon 3 as the words of the doctorwhom I had met the previous day 4 inside my headA few weeks before thiswhen I had been in ParisI had felt some 5 heaviness in my chestOn returningI went to a(n) 6 who cautioned me to work on my 7 ．So there I wasjogging down a 8 narrow laneA few weeks went byand every day when I went to jogI saw an old man 9 on that benchAnd I just couldn＇t 10 why he was there doing nothingMy 11 was building up as each day 12 ．
The next morningI went and sat beside him on the 13 ．I asked himWhy are you seated here every day？He answeredBecause this is the most beautiful place that I know 14 I asked againWhat is so beautiful about this place？He saidLookAnd I tried to 15 ．I saw the rising sun shining from behind the cloudsand several rays penetrating (穿)through themBirds were singing 16 from the trees of the surrounding wildernessThe water glittered in the sunlightand it looked as if there was a 17 of light between me and the faroff mountainsI had been through that place 18 timesbut I had never lookedit was one of the most beautiful places I＇d ever seenAnd I realized that I don＇t have to travel miles to 19 the beautyAll I have to do is to look 20
语篇解读 作者锻炼身体天偏僻路慢跑观察位老天天坐长凳事事引起作者奇心作者决定前探究竟作者意识美身边需心观察
1．A．badtempered B．warmhearted
C．halfawake D．fastmoving
C [根文表述作者早晨闹钟醒空表述作者想返回睡觉推知处应作者半醒状态楼梯halfawake半醒]
2．A．other B．another
C．the other D．the others
B [作者早晨六点闹钟醒处应作者想返回睡时another]
3．A．occurred B．disappeared
C．came D．spread
B [根But知处应想法快消失(disappeared)]
4．A．heard B．described
C．reacted D．resounded
D [根语境知处应医生说话作者脑海里回响resound意回响]
5．A．strange B．delighted
C．necessary D．unique
A [根文提医生知处应作者感胸部莫名沉闷巴黎回医生]
6．A．doctor B．teacher
C．agent D．policeman
A [参见题解析]
7．A．mind B．appearance
C．fitness D．assignment
C [根文作者身体出现问题知处应医生告诫作者努力改善健康(fitness)]
8．A．various B．wide
C．fast D．lonely
D [根文中wilderness知处应作者条偏僻狭窄路慢跑lonely意偏僻]
9．A．sitting B．standing
C．approaching D．sleeping
A [根文中Why are you seated here every day？知作者位老坐条长凳]
10．A．take out B．look out
C．turn out D．figure out
D [根文作者询问老知处应作者明白什位老天天坐里事事figure out弄明白]
11．A．judgment B．curiosity
C．observation D．power
B [文表述作者明白老做原处应着日子天天作者奇心日俱增]
12．A．passed B．remained
C．spared D．reached
A [参见题解析]
13．A．bed B．bench
C．sofa D．land
B [根文中on that bench文作者询问老什天坐里知作者坐长凳老身旁]
14．A．Worried B．Satisfied
C．Interested D．Confused
D [根空I asked again知作者老回答感困惑次询问]
15．A．speed up B．get away
C．look around D．come along
C [根空前He said＇Look＇知作者位老话四处观察look around四察]
16．A．terribly B．nervously
C．sweetly D．patiently
C [处描绘方美丽处处表示鸟愉悦 (sweetly)歌唱]
17．A．wall B．path
C．length D．speed
B [水面阳光闪闪发光起作者远山间条光线路]
18．A．many B．few
C．rare D．any
A [根文作者天附慢跑知处表示作者方次作者没(认真)]
19．A．respect B．desire
C．attract D．admire
D [作者意识没必奔波数英里远方欣赏美作者做心贴然观察然]
20．A．luckily B．completely
C．closely D．mainly
C [参见题解析]
Ⅱ语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)According to a review of evidence in a medical journalrunners live three years 1______(long) than nonrunners You don＇t have to run fast or for long 2______(see) the benefitYou may drinksmokebe overweight and still reduce your risk of 3______(die) early by running
While running regularly can＇t make you live foreverthe review says it 4______(be) more effective at lengthening life 5______ walkingcycling or swimming Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 6______ showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 7______(cause)．
The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will doBut otherwiseit＇s probably runningTo avoid knee painyou can run on soft surfacesdo exercises to 8______(strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)avoid hills and get good running shoesRunning is cheapeasy and it＇s always 9______(energy)．If you are time pooryou need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sportsso perhaps we should all give 10______ a try
语篇解读 文篇说明文介绍跑步带种益处
1．longer [考查副词较级句中thanlong较级longer]
2．to see [考查非谓语动词句谓语动词处应非谓语动词分析句子结构句意知处应动词定式to see作目状语]
3．dying [考查非谓语动词短语reduce one＇s risk of降低某……风险处介词of动词ing形式作宾语]
4．is [考查动词时态谓致文介绍跑步处通篇般现时句中宾语句句时态应保持致般现时宾语句中语itis]
5．than [考查介词根句中more知处应介词than引出较象处表示跑步散步骑行游泳更效延长寿命填than]
6．thatwhich [考查定语句分析句子结构知处引导定语句先行词a study定语句中缺少语填关系代词thatwhich]
7．causes [考查名词单复数处cause数名词意原句中all表示应数名词复数形式填causes]
8．strengthen [考查非谓语动词分析句子结构知处动词定式作目状语空应填动词strengthen意增强加强]
9．energetic [考查形容词and连接两列分句两分句表示跑步特征and前面cheapeasy均形容词处应形容词energetic作表语意需量剧烈]
10．itrunning [考查固定搭配give it a try固定搭配意试试根语境知it指代running填itrunning]
话题写作
Step 1写作点(根汉语提示补全英文句子)
①知道没什健康更珍贵
As we all know nothing is more precious than health．
②日常生活中保持学娱乐相衡重
In our daily life it is very important to keep a balance between study and pleasure．
③均衡饮食规律锻炼帮助保持健康
A balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy
④常熬夜电视玩电脑游戏
A great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games
⑤保持健康应该减少网时间
In order to keep fit we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet
⑥求(网)时间应该限定天三时
It＇s required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day
⑦益健康应该做运动拥足够睡眠
For the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep
⑧利身心健康
This will benefit us both physically and mentally
Step 2表达升级(改变句子结构表达升级)
①of＋n 升级句②
In our daily life it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure．
②非限制性定语句合句⑦句⑧
For the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep which will benefit us both physically and mentally
Step 3衔接成文(利恰渡衔接词语连句成篇)
As we all know nothing is more precious than health In our daily life it is of great importance to keep a balance between study and pleasure Meanwhile a balanced diet and regular exercise can help us stay healthy However a great many people often stay up watching TV or playing computer games In order to keep fit we should cut down the time spent in surfing the Internet It＇s required that the time (should) be limited to three hours a day In addition for the benefit of our health we should do more exercise and have plenty of sleep which will benefit us both physically and mentally
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