7. 第一壇: 采购管理理念Cost Improvement Imperative
成本上涨
Rapidly Changing Customer
Expectation
顾客期望迅速改变
Accelerated Competitive Pressure
竟争加剧Global competitors in local markets
竟争来自世界各地Customer is king
顾客须全面滿足Quality is a given
质量为必须之要素New technology
Introductions
新技术的出现Stockholders pressure for dividends, profitability
股东对盈利及分红的要求Change is constant and here to stay
改变为必然Speed is essential
迅速反应`..... But business environment has changed但是业务经营环境现已起了明显之变化采购经营环境变迁:7
42. 第二壇: 采购控制系统采购成本Some components other than price of the overall cost除价格外,其他构成总成本的元素Freight 运输
Receiving and inspection 收货及检查
Storage and warehousing 储存
Material handling 搬运
Insurance 保险
Warranty 保证
Cost of processing any scrap, or rework 扔掉、返工
Inventory obsolescence 存货变坏
Cost of placing a purchase order 落采购单成本42
51. 第三壇: 降低采购物料成本JIT(JUST IN TIME)与实施零库存任何东西多於最少的需求 (例如工具,物料,零件,空间,工人的时间) 便是“浪费” ;最少的需求是指可以增加产品的价值
“Waste” is anything other than the minimum amount of equipment, materials, parts, space, and worker’s time, which are absolutely essential to add value to the product.
President, ToyotaJIT 概念的来源51