题目 国企业海外投资现状问题策
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学生（签名）：
年 月 日
毕业文
题目
国企业海外投资现状问题策
毕业文容求：
容：中国海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必针国企业现海外投资现状企业需投资前充分解海外投资环境扩融资渠道提高企业身素质政府需建立健全完善法律体系力发展海外投资信息服务体系寻求企业持续发展
求：文撰写求思路清晰容充实点明确充分证严密语言通撰写文前应首先阅读相关研究资料掌握学术前动态相关理著作握提高理水思想深度根开题报告老师提出意见文提纲进行修改确定纲认真撰写毕业文撰写文结束根老师修改意见认真反复修改文求参加毕业文答辩严格文进度安排进行文写作文格式字数等撰写方面求参中国质学长城学院毕业文（设计）撰写规范
毕业文参考资料：
[1] 敦忆岚新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究[D]北京中国社会科学院2014513
[2] 韩师光中国企业境外直接投资风险问题研究[D]长春：吉林学20142744
[3] 樊增强中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择[J]中国流通济2015(07)3339
[4] 朱兴龙中国外直接投资风险防范制度研究[D]武汉武汉学20161819
[5] 王书杰中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究[D]北京中中央校20162329
[6] 赵杰中国企业海外投资研究[D]北京中中央校201479
[7] 郭兴盛中国企业海外投资现状应措施[J]现代济信息2014(04)：59
[8] 帆中国外投资[M]海海财学出版社20143969
[9] 马振涛章文光新形势中国实施规模走出策略调整[J]国际贸易2015（3）：4953
[10] 游亚林中国企业外投资现状问题策[J]济视角(旬刊)2015（02）：2225
[11] Aurora CarlsonA Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas Foreign Direct Investment[J] Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs2013 (5)1923
[12] Tomoo Marukawa Comment on Overseas Impacts of China’s Outward Direct Investment
[J]Asian Economic Policy Review2014(7)1527
[13] Kevin PGallagherChina’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective[J]China & World Economy2014(11)2228
毕业文应完成工作：
1． 利中国知网维普万方等数库完成毕业文相关容文检索利图书馆图书资源查阅相关理容充分利互联网进行资料检索收集
2． 做实证方面文方面搜集相关区国家发布统计数
3． 认真撰写开题报告开题报告中指导教师提出意见进行修改
4． 认真撰写文根指导教师意见进行修改
5． 文定稿求进行毕业文答辩
毕业文进度安排：
序号
毕业文阶段容
时间安排
备注
1
确定毕业文选题收集资料整理资料完成文务书
2017101320171025
2
编写文提纲撰写开题报告进行开题完成开题答辩
2017102620171115
3
进步查找资料作社会调查
2017111620171130
4
撰写文完成第稿交指导教师
201712120171231
5
指导教师阅改文
2018112018131
6
修改文完成第二稿交指导教师
2018212018228
7
指导教师阅改文完成中期检查表
2018312018315
8
修改文完成第三稿交指导教师
20183162018331
9
指导教师阅改文返学生修改立交指导教师
2018412018415
10
专家评阅
20184162018430
11
毕业文答辩
2018512018515
12
评定学生终文成绩评出院优秀文
20185162018531
课题信息：
课题性质： 设计□ 文√
课题源： 教学√ 科研□ 生产□ □
发出务书日期：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室意见：
教研室签名：
年 月 日
学生签名：
毕业文题目
国企业海外投资现状问题策
开题报告（阐述课题目意义研究现状研究容研究方案进度安排预期结果参考文献等）
文研究目意义
1．研究目：
研究目：企业积极推进海外投资相程度获先进技术整合全球资源提升企业核心竞争力意图全球作舞台进行战略布局选择海外投资目标时单价格素考虑时选择价格具吸引力时身低成工程设计生产模式形成互补企业通该问题研究针国企业现状分析国企业海外投资存问题提出行性策方面推动国企业海外投资发展拓展海外生存空间寻求企业持续发展
2．研究意义：
（1）理意义：带路战略作国首倡发展战略国企业海外投资具深远意义国企业海外投资存许问题文通该问题研究总结结合国前实际情况搜集数政府企业角度分析提出应国企业海外投资存问题策略解决国企业海外投资问题策提供理理参考
（2）现实意义：研究证明国企业进行海外投资国国济国际贸易等方面取较济利益时助缓解国业压力促进社会稳定国目前企业海外投资存问题情况国政府相关部门应结合实际情况积极改善海外投资环境国企业海外投资提供支持鼓励国企业迅速融入全球化济进程中取进步发展具重现实意义
二研究现状
1．国外研究现状：Aurora Carlson（2013）色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资中分析中国企业海外投资现状提出扩海外投资具体策略Tomoo Marukawa (2014)评中国企业外直接投资海外影响中通研究中国企业海外投资现状特点认扩企业海外投资中国济发展具重意义Kevin PGallagher（2014）较视角中国外直接投资融资中揭示中国企业海外投资必性企业海外投资特点现状遇融资问题国家企业角度分提出策
2．国研究现状：企业海外投资够力推动中国国济增长国学者研究该问题重前提敦忆岚（2014）新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究中分析国企业海外投资现状着重融资问题提出策首先提高国企业国际竞争力次扩融资渠道加强海外投资信息收集利胡峰(2013)国企业外直接投资现状问题策分析中传统新兴两角度企业融资问题进行分析针融资难原提出相应措施首先政府加强扶持力度次企业部建立信评审授权制度规范民间资融资秩序游亚林（2015）中国企业外投资现状问题策中讲述国企业海外投资特点分析企业海外投资现状建议企业建立健全风险规避机制转变营模式增强企业品牌意识提高国际竞争力帆（2014）中国外投资书中分析国企业外投资现状认国企业海外投资应发展中国家海外投资理作思路切入点结合企业特点市场需求积极开展企业海外投资郭兴盛（2014）中国企业海外投资现状应措施中阐述前国企业海外投资发展现状特点取成效程中存投资结构合理融资困难缺乏等问题政府企业两角度提出促进国企业海外投资策建议
三研究容
1前言
2国企业海外投资现状
21投资规模扩
22投资体国企业
23第三产业投资断增长
3国企业海外投资存问题
31政府理方面问题
311政府扶持力度够
312外投资法律体系完善
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务
32企业方面问题
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查
324缺乏精通海外投资专业
4促进国企业海外投资发展策
41政府方面建议
411加强政府企业扶持力度
412完善国相关法律制度
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系
42企业身策
421加强公外交提高企业理水
422做企业海外投资前战略规划
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中
424重视培养海外投资专业
5结
四研究方案
1．利中国知网维普万方等数库完成毕业文相关容文检索利图书馆图书资源查阅相关理容充分利互联网进行资料检索收集
2运调查法文献资料法撰写文解决企业海外投资问题出国企业海外投资环境求结合具体数理进行证实
五进度安排
1．确定毕业文选题收集资料整理资料完成文务书2017101320171025
2．编写文提纲撰写开题报告进行开题完成开题答辩2017102620171115
3．进步查找资料作社会调查2017111620171130
4．撰写文完成第稿交指导教师201712120171231
5．指导教师阅改文2018112018131
6．修改文完成第二稿交指导教师2018212018228
7．指导教师阅改文完成中期检查表2018312018315
8．修改文完成第三稿交指导教师20183162018331
9．指导教师阅改文返学生修改立交指导教师2018412018415
10．专家评阅20184162018430
11．毕业文答辩2018512018515
12．评定学生终文成绩评出院优秀文20185162018531
六预期结果
通撰写篇文充分应时学相关理理联系实际提高理应解决实际问题力时目前国企业海外投资存问题情况解决问题提出建议改善国企业海外投资情况做出更效推动作促进国济发展社会稳定
七参考文献
[1] 敦忆岚新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究[D]北京中国社会科学院2014513
[2] 韩师光中国企业境外直接投资风险问题研究[D]长春：吉林学20142744
[3] 樊增强中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择[J]中国流通济2015(07)3339
[4] 朱兴龙中国外直接投资风险防范制度研究[D]武汉武汉学20161819
[5] 王书杰中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究[D]北京中中央校20162329
[6] 赵杰中国企业海外投资研究[D]北京中中央校201479
[7] 郭兴盛中国企业海外投资现状应措施[J]现代济信息2014(04)：59
[8] 帆中国外投资[M]海海财学出版社20143969
[9] 马振涛章文光新形势中国实施规模走出策略调整[J]国际贸易2015（3）：4953
[10] 游亚林中国企业外投资现状问题策[J]济视角(旬刊)2015（02）：2225
[11] Aurora CarlsonA Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas Foreign Direct Investment[J] Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs2013 (5)1923
[12] Tomoo MarukawaComment on Overseas Impacts of China’s Outward Direct Investment[J]Asian Economic Policy Review2014(7)1527
[13] Kevin PGallagherChina’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective[J]China & World Economy2014(11)2228
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室意见：
审查结果： 意□ 意□
教研室签名：
年 月 日
Aurora Carlson(2013)色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资中分析中国企业海外投资现状反思维方式分析获中国投资程针前国际形势出中国海外投资中常遇问题提出相应措施提出扩海外投资具体策略
Tomoo Marukawa (2014)评中国企业外直接投资海外影响中通研究中国企业海外投资现状特点资源寻求投资利身区位素考虑海外投资进行系统分析认扩企业海外投资中国济发展具重意义
Kevin PGallagher（2014）较视角中国外直接投资融资中揭示中国企业海外投资必性企业海外投资特点现状表明中国海外投资集中进行国企业投资产业进行分析时阐述国企业进行海外投资程中缺乏海外投资验遇融资问题国家企业角度分提出策
敦忆岚（2014）新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究中分析国企业海外投资现状着重融资问题提出策首先提高企业国际竞争力次扩融资渠道加强海外投资信息收集利
王书杰（2016）中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究中讲述国企业海外投资特点分析企业海外投资现状建议企业建立健全风险规避机制转变营模式增强企业品牌意识提高国际竞争力传统新兴两角度企业融资问题进行分析针融资难原提出相应措施首先政府加强扶持力度次企业部建立信评审授权制度规范民间资融资秩序
郭兴盛（2014）中国企业海外投资现状应措施中阐述前国企业海外投资发展现状特点取成效详细描述国企业年海外投资数国企业进行海外投资体进行说明程中存投资结构合理融资困难缺乏等问题政府企业两角度提出促进国企业海外投资策建议
游亚林（2015）中国企业外投资现状问题策中国企业进行融资时遇问题进行详细描述认国政府扶持力度企业支持欠缺企业身条件定足针现问题出具体解决方案时分析国企业外投资现状认国企业海外投资应发展中国家海外投资理作思路切入点结合企业特点市场需求积极开展企业海外投资
王晓红（2017）国企业外直接投资现状策研究中通国企业发展特点进行详细描述出合适发展策略阐述国企业进行海外投资程中遇难题政府方面扶持力度够企业身海外投资信息提取全面等针难题进行进步优化
樊增强（2015）中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择中阐述中国企业发展现状表明国企业然发展速度快定区位优势遇发展节点融资难度阻碍企业发展结合前市场发展形势出具体针融资解决方案
综述通相关文献整理解国企业海外投资面问题学者角度针性提出相应策部分学者整体角度展开企业海外投资问题研究学者着重分析企业融资难度问题通政府企业两方面企业进行海外投资建议学者通反思维方式通阐述吸引中国投资外国程间接引导国企业进行海外投资策略篇文会国企业海外投资现状进行具体分析迅猛发展程中遇节点文会进步解释企业海外投资问题策展开讨企业进行海外投资提供理意义通问题提出策略详细阐述会国企业进步海外投资发展提供现实意义
国企业海外投资现状问题策
摘
年着济全球化进程进步加快国企业进行海外投资逐步进入飞速发展阶段企业海外投资中国济发展中发挥着关重作中包括社会总产值创造提供财政税收增加业岗位方面促进企业快发展保持国民济稳较快发展重基础关系民生社会稳定重战略务时企业外投资发展速度快海外投资发展状况逐渐成国外投资关注焦点通断提升企业海外投资水提高国国际影响力中国海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必文首先国企业海外投资现状特点进行详细叙述然具体分析企业进行海外投资时面问题缺乏海外投资验海外信息提取全面企业战略完整国相关法律政策严谨等问题综述政府企业身两角度提出相应解决方法国企业进行海外投资健康发展提供帮助
关键词：济全球化海外投资企业战略
ABSTRACT
In recent years with the further acceleration of economic globalization China＇s outward investment has also entered a rapid development stage The overseas investment of enterprises plays a vital role in the development of China＇s economy including the creation of social output value the provision of fiscal revenue and the increase of employment Promoting good and fast development of enterprises is an important basis for maintaining steady and rapid development of national economy and is a major strategic task for people＇s livelihood and social stability At the same time the development of foreign investment of enterprises is fast and the development of overseas investment has gradually become the focus of China＇s foreign investment The development of China＇s overseas investment is facing an unprecedented scale there will be more enterprises to the international market invest overseas therefore in the overseas investment of Chinese enterprises are faced with the problem in the face is very necessary This article will be to our country enterprise overseas investment status and characteristic in detail and then concrete analysis enterprise in the overseas investment problems such as difficult financing overseas information extraction is not comprehensive corporate strategy is incomplete and the serious problems of our country related legal policy In the end the corresponding solutions are put forward from the two perspectives of the government and enterprises which can help the healthy development of overseas investment by Chinese enterprises
Key words Economic globalizationOverseas investmentCorporate strategy
目 录
1前言 1
2国企业海外投资现状 1
21投资规模扩 1
22投资体国企业 2
23第三产业投资断增长 2
3国企业海外投资存问题 3
31政府理方面问题 3
311政府扶持力度够 3
312外投资法律体系完善 4
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务 4
32企业方面问题 4
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验 4
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略 5
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查 5
324缺乏精通海外投资专业 5
4促进国企业海外投资发展策 6
41政府方面建议 6
411加强政府企业扶持力度 6
412完善国相关法律制度 6
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系 7
42企业身策 7
421加强公外交提高企业理水 7
422做企业海外投资前战略规划 7
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中 8
424重视培养海外投资专业 8
5结 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
1前 言
中国企业进行海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必国企业现发展迅猛必须正视企业身缺陷诸确定性素欠缺海外投资验国际市场信息解等针国企业现海外投资现状企业需投资前充分解海外投资环境做企业海外投资前战略规划提高企业身素质政府需建立健全完善法律体系力发展海外投资信息服务体系寻求企业持续发展通政府企业联合针性提出解决方案促进国企业进行海外投资奠定更基础国企业海外投资道路越走越远
2国企业海外投资现状
21投资规模扩
济全球化正改变着现国际分工格局国家企业越越投入海外投资中国政府海外投资越越重视现国企业进行海外投资趋势迅猛区位优势灵活度国际市场舞台扮演着越越重角色尤国海城市济较发达区企业进行海外投资图1知2012年开始国企业外投资额逐步增加均年增速约152016年国外投资净额达1961亿美元增长347创新高国企业进行海外投资疑良开始
图1 20122016年中国外投资量情况
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
22投资体国企业
表12016年中国外非金融类直接投资存量表表1出直止2016年末外非金融类直接投资中国企业占543国企业海外投资中占位置非国企业占457中限责公司占178私营企业占 87私营企业中企业新兴企业股份限公司占86外商投资企业占35增长1333港澳台商投资企业占35股份合作企业占07集体企业占03占26整体国投资体国企业
表1 2016年中国外非金融类直接投资存量表
单位：亿美元
分类
金额（亿美元）
占（）
国企业
64077
543
限责公司
21005
178
股份限公司
10148
86
股份合作企业
826
07
私营企业
10266
87
外商投资企业
4130
35
集体企业
354
03
港澳台商投资企业
3186
27
3068
26
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
23第三产业投资断增长
图2知2014年2016年国外投资第三产业占越越第二产业占降2016年末中国外直接投资存量763分布第三产业（服务业）金额 103604亿美元分布租赁商务服务批发零售信息传输软件信息技术服务房产交通运输仓储金融等领域第二产业 3083亿美元占中国外直接投资存量 227中采矿业14513亿美元占第二产业471制造业（含金属制品机械设备修理业）10793亿美元占35建筑业3242亿美元占105电力热力燃气水生产供应业2282亿美元占74第产业1305亿美元占1国企业进行海外投资程中受国传统投资影响会选择投资风险较产业年数表明国企业进行海外投资会质量型高收益第三产业扩
图2 20142016年中国外直接投资产业分布
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
3国企业海外投资存问题
国企业海外投资长期趋势保持国国际市场效竞争方面起着非常重作 国企业进行海外投资程中遇确定性难免企业身认识缺陷国政府角度问题国政府扶持企业进行海外投资扶持力度够国际市场行情企业提供进步效便捷企业身规模缺乏国际投资验会进步阻碍企业进行海外投资发展需政府企业努力充分认识身足足进行分析提出相应解决方案国企业发展更
31政府理方面问题
311政府扶持力度够
国政府企业进行海外投资程中缺乏企业进行海外投资规划指导国企业进行海外投资区方没战略支持定程度造成国企业进行国企业海外投资时具定盲目性序性外国企业进行海外投资时会遇阻碍国政府扶持力度国企业影响力政府没针性国企业提供帮助海外投资信息数化资金支持方面力度够
现国际投资发展趋势较国政府纷纷采取相应政策企业进行保障国企业融资难基础面国际投资环境投资数全面问题国政府应该企业进行海外投资方面谢关注度加企业海外投资扶持力度国企业进行海外投资发展提供助力
312外投资法律体系完善
着国济迅猛发展国企业进行海外投资国带国际影响力越越国企业国际市场中位偏低企业进行融资获取国际市场信息渠道够定程度阻碍国进行海外投资进程决定国政府应该加强国企业进行海外投资扶持力度进步促进国企业海外投资发展时国企业进行外投资相发达国家较晚国设立相关办事处相关法律政策够完善国制定相关外汇制制度够健全时相关国际信息服务系统国企业进行海外投资提供针性帮助加国政府年企业进行海外投资扶持力度够年国海外投资部分专门资金受国相关外汇政策限制国企业仅面融资压力情况新增项压力定程度阻碍国企业进行海外投资发展
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务
国企业现够获取海外市场信息准确够效利身资金进行海外信息国际市场行情进行效交流研究国际市场体系中企业赖政府获取相应海外市场信息通政府设立台进行投资技术交流时金融机构国际信息咨询台出现台带效益机构规模机构高技术限数库够全面国际市场进行全面效分析概括反国企业海外投资产生定阻碍政府应该制定相关海外投资信息咨询服务体系支持国企业进行海外投资提供便捷企业国际发展速度提高国企业进行海外投资时够面数进行效分析
32企业方面问题
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验
国企业进行海外投资发展速度快进行投资企业数量庞企业国际投资验少企业理制度够细化企业高素质高新技术缺乏导致企业信誉高企业品牌知名度够相发达国家言国企业面世界发展速度快国企业国际竞争力差综合资质高国企业想加快身变革转型进度提高身效率身信誉高规模获国际信息全面国际市场行情够效捕捉重点常性参国际性投资中常常会错失良机时国企业身理水高企业部结构乱海外投资解甚少企业理者制定清晰海外投资战略国企业进行海外投资没投资验理验盲目投资企业带定程度损失
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略
国企业海外投资缺乏验时受传统文化影响投资具定理性数海外投资中低档产品少高新技术产品国企业发展现状企业获高新技术专业机会相较企业综合力较弱足国际市场中国际型企业进行抗衡定程度影响国进行海外投资发展投资专业较少企业理者缺乏国际投资营理念考虑全球投资方面会考虑够全面难企业身发展海外投资联系起海外投资作种享受国家扶持政策企业更获取国家政府企业海外投资补助进行海外投资实际海外投资知定程度阻碍国企业进行海外投资进程企业部海外投资项目专业分析够效仿海外企业投资策略没针身特点需求进行投资时海外投资相关专业缺少海外投资战略清晰造成国海外投资定程度缓慢发展
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查
国企业缺乏投资项目市场调查国企业缺乏市场信息技术现状解国外法律政策投资环境熟悉现种资源未效统起收集国际市场信息加利效分析便会国企业会盲目进行海外投资欠缺国际市场信息优化利企业进行盲目投资会造成海外投资终失败
企业进行项投资时会面诸确定性素投资回报率低需企业身做准备应面资金足者负债风险然部分企业重视加资金融资力度通更安全方式进行融资获资金掌握市场信息进行效全面分析盲目出击会企业身带风险时国企业进行海外投资程中发达国家区投资力度相较集中亚洲等发展中国家区企业味保守投资样会造成投资结构衡企业外投资区域度集中会造成国企业间竞争重复投资利国外投资布局国企业产业结构升级吸引外国先进技术产生阻碍
324缺乏精通海外投资专业
济全球化发展迅猛天需求精通海外投资更求贤渴企业进行海外投资必须相关专业否会进行海外投资程中绕弯国企业部员分工合理没精通海外投资员进行数分析国际投资形势分析全面会影响企业进行海外投资时企业部创新员缺失济迅猛天国家行业积极进行产品创新提高身综合竞争力企业竞争质竞争国企业海外投资专业缺乏方面企业身条件限制企业招募需定竞争优势者薪资优势企业目前尚完全具备难吸引高技术方面国企业进行海外投资没明确战略布局企业竞争力弱想获专业技术国际企业竞争国际企业着雄厚资金良市场验国企业说疑巨压力企业进行海外投资产生定阻碍
4促进国企业海外投资发展策
国企业进行海外投资定程度提高国国际竞争力国企业解决身海外投资程中遇系列问题国际市场发挥更作针企业进行海外投资遇问题会政府企业身两方面提出应措施企业够更运身优势进行海外投资
41政府方面建议
411加强政府企业扶持力度
国政府应该针国企业海外投资现状发展特点采取相应资金支持加强扶持力度鼓励国企业进行海外投资国企业进行海外投资时强盾企业营造良环境政府通建立创业扶持基金融资市场制定相关扶持政策提高商业银行金融机构企业贷款额度降低企业贷款资质审核门槛企业够更机会申请贷款获资金
企业进行海外投资首资金充沛拓宽企业融资渠道缓解企业面确定性素政府具体分三点：首先政府建立开展相应扶持活动鼓励企业进行海外投资企业进行融资渠道更加元化次市场力量鼓励银行设立企业服务专门机构推出融资产品提高融资效率政府应企业建立海外投资互动台供企业台进行数交流分析技术交流效针性提高身综合力
412完善国相关法律制度
法律法规作国企业发展基保障更进步国企业进行海外投资强盾促进企业海外投资发展奠定基础提高国企业进行海外投资积极性完善政府公服务外包制度企业相关外汇制制度保障针国企业海外投资存法律问题国吸取发达国家者国际市场中较成功企业海外投资案例然根国现实际国情企业发展现状建立具特色国企业进行海外投资方面发展利法律体系国企业进行海外投资定制度保障时认国企业进行海外投资法律制度容中少应包括层面企业外投资法海外投资审批法海外投资外汇理法海外投资企业税法海外投资保险法海外投资银行法外汇制法海外投资国资产理法
国应加企业进行海外投资资金支持国家实行外汇支持计划中应该企业关注政府应该降低者减免企业海外投资扣取保证金额度进步提高国企业海外投资积极性针营企业进行进步扶持政策允许利利润合资资金进行生产者允许海外投资企业定时期进行更新等等
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系
国家统计局中国商务部2003年开始制定外直接投资统计制度企业境外直接投资纳入国家统计范畴国家统计局中国商务部定期发布外直接投资统计公报（非金融部分）外商务部政府网站 设立中国外济合作指南驻外商机构子站建立境外投资国环境库定期发布国贸易投资环境报告外投资国产业导目录境外加工贸易国指导目录国企业海外直接投资营提供时效信息服务
国企业进行海外投资时国际市场行情数更全面分析国政府应该建立相应国际市场信息服务体系企业进行海外投资提供全面效数支持效世界市场行情分析企业够快时间获效安全渠道时政府国建立海外数库历年数进行系统分析时供国外企业进行数交流行情交流促进国企业进步提高海外投资积极性企业进行海外投资时够放矢
42企业身策
421加强公外交提高企业理水
加强公外交够企业进行海外投资部分帮助企业应加强企业交流沟通提升企业身品牌身形象企业应该制定公外交制度招收专业海外投资定期企业员工进行培训增强员工专业素养提高企业综合实力
国企业应加强身理力身公司进行充分解建立健全企业财务制度理制度优化公司部结构充分认识身缺陷弥补缺陷加快身制度转型逐步制度化规范化转型国企业年发展已初数量增加逐步演变质量进行突破新阶段尤历金融危机企业外投资发展更迅猛国国民济中占越越重位企业质量发展基础提高企业理水企业实现真正转型
422做企业海外投资前战略规划
目前止国企业资金实力限企业规模融资力差部分资金源银行金融机构申请贷款应该扩企业融资渠道首先政府寻求帮助现阶段国政府企业发展重视通政府寻求担保利政府开展项优惠政策进行融资次企业继续通银行金融机构进行融资企业应该健全身信制度保持良信誉企业通型企业海外机构进行合资支持扩身融资渠道企业进行海外投资重步投资前准备工作明确投资战略进步海外投资做铺垫
企业进行海外投资时需专业效数分析国企业海外投资缺乏验企业部定期进行培训建立海外投资数分析部门通专业效分析企业预先判断总说企业部外部优势合弥补足针足具体改善国企业海外投资趋势越越国企业应该国政府建立海外投资发展战略明确身企业优势合理取舍企业优势足明确海外投资战略目标够节省成基础获取利益积极寻求海外市场断提高身实力提高企业国际竞争力
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中
企业进行合资发展降低企业总体成企业高新技术转变实现企业规模济国企业应该身实际出发根市场竞争状况国家区风俗惯选择灵活样营战略加强海外投资信息利通政府建立海外信息中心国际市场进步分析明确投资方现国际投资趋势越越迅猛国企业进行海外投资会遇突发问题面问题盲目投资现数仔细分析结合国信息服务系统数进行全面补充加联合力度解决问题规避风险弥补国企业面问题需海外土企业间建立战略联盟关系实现国际化营重手段加快国企业海外投资步伐重步
方面国企业应该发达国家区进行投资欧洲北美洲国家逐步加高新技术产品投资通外投资引进学发达国家先进技术理验提高企业营理水促进国企业进行外投资
424重视培养海外投资专业
时国企业新观念新事物进行实践旧观念进行改革提高营理水创新理技术树立竞争意识重点培养高素质企业企业部建立海外投资信息数交流会部技术员企业员分析数进行交流企业外培养高素质高技术提高企业素质积极发展高科技型企业增强企业竞争力抗风险力
国选择进行海外投资需国企业市场进步解调查消费者偏风俗惯等身产品进行创新变革身产品更具土性
企业应该方位考虑国际市场学会国际市场中找发展机会时根数库信息进行效全面分析重视市场调查获国际市场数进行效分析优化企业部组织结构提高企业理水营效率提升企业技术创新力提高企业海外投资竞争力国际市场影响力
5结
通文研究解国企业海外投资现状特点国海外投资规模迅速增长反映中国济实力断壮国际竞争力显著提高展现出中国世界国济联系日益紧密良前景国企业进行海外融资程中面问题尤避免融资难压力企业身素企业缺乏海外投资验已掌握数全面分析预测时没相关政策支持相应海外投资信息服务体系建立会国企业进行海外投资产生定阻碍作政府企业努力国企业更发展进行海外投资时更强盾时企业进行海外投资时盲目投资定国际市场相联系通政府建立相关机构进行国际济数全面效分析海外投资全面分析预测会企业进行海外投资取更进步成效国企业进行海外投资目标更加明确外国企业助国外成功海外投资案例吸取验弥补身足企业海外投资道路越越成功国企业进行海外投资范围越越广够进步提高国综合实力
参考文献
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外文资料翻译译文
色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资
Aurora Carlson专门研究中国时事华盛顿约翰霍普金斯学高级国际研究学院(SAIS)威斯康星学(麦迪逊分校)汉语普通话学士学位目前特拉维夫家风险投资公司工作
10年中国海外外直接投资(OFDI)全球范围急剧升引发国家政府系列政策回应包括完全反批准美国采取更保守策略国家安全利益实施艰难监阻止交易然仔细分析中国投资构成部门趋势会美国疑虑逻辑合法性提出质疑考虑美国国会中国企业寻求代投资市场带投资障碍色列正处关键位置提供吸引力投资环境作美国欧盟目标行业代选择色列美国作专业高科技创新高技劳动力种投资商业激励目审视美国欧盟中国投资模式反应解色列利位吸引中国海外外国直接投资
历史中华民国没认成熟全球投资者种法正迅速改变便前事务漫心观察者中国20年增长数令惊叹中国已成全球第五外型投资者中国已成动态外直接投资参者中国世纪初20亿美元投资2010年600亿美元2010年2020年期间中国外直接投资总额预计达12万亿美元
中国外直接投资增长背原中央政府导定期市场竞争特征投资促进努力结合20世纪90年代OFDI国企业领导通走出创造全球冠军等特殊投资促进政策少数家公司中央委员会命走出
作国际品牌国际市场中国济政策时起已显著发展种源统计数表明天投资模式商业动机非政府政策驱动认中国政府正采取越越放手方式称放政策种延伸相反扩海外商业利益支持前未种政府支持原仅仅中国开放战略部分拥抱市场济更具体说中国外直接投资视实现外汇储备盈余宏观济衡手段外国家方级努力促进海外投资认识成熟资金雄厚公司扩张发展程中需提升价值链
总体言中国年幅简化投资监框架政策制定者消时繁琐政府规定方面发挥着重作企业国外取成功例外汇关新补贴极帮助中国企业投资机会直2005年前理汇率外汇收入求兑换成民币抑制中国市场阻止更然投资步伐低息贷款补贴增加促进中国外直接投资发展
2012年10月美国众议院情报委员会发表项研究效阻止中国电信公司美国开展业务年里量中国巨额跨境交易美国监机构手中失败济学技术民族义中美国高科技基础设施交易已成公众辩话题甚美国政府机构出版物中语言充斥着指责语侵略产义操中国回应非动转指责美国妖魔化中国奉行公歧视性济政策美国十年中国投资模式系列抗议中新幕肯定会次美国历史直奉行相间断外直接投资开放政策中国崛起正挑战种识然考虑美国济相疲弱状况巨利益
通外国直接投资美国国会提出样警告似太合适美国中国投资担忧加剧根源济国家安全首先担心果中国济出现衰退中国企业会完全部分撤出美国市场承诺破坏美国济稳定然考虑中国外直接投资2011年仅占美国FDI总额04种宏观济波动担忧似合理第二增加外国直接投资抵消美国减少巨额贸易逆差努力美国贸易逆差仅420亿美元中300亿美元中国衡造成中国外国直接投资提高海外资产回报率样影响贸易衡中国进入更高盈余状态美国陷入更深赤字第三美国投资资产达成熟期时业务转移中国感担忧美国说消息美国作投资目部分吸引力高超力资技术太出现搬迁情况担心中国商业实践错误中国资义说法律说强朋友法律解释担心美国土类似商业文化会法律外发展假定样种情形会削弱美国济功健康整体方面合逻辑系统尝试中国资义强加美国极
政府实体国企业投资美国引起强烈民族义情绪国企业认进行投资时心实体常常担心庞规模透明部产委员会量现金商业市场动机运作然美国政策制定者开始疯狂谩骂前先简单更新统计数首先非中国投资国家关中国投资者分四类权财富基金国企业混合国企业独资企业2000年2011年中国外国直接投资74私营企业创造着中国企业寻找运营台新技术品牌知名度投资中部分显然利润驱动全球范围复杂程度智购买代表中国产官员政治指示然说美国担忧完全没根美国数交易私营企业完成国企资总额中占例超半占美国半部分资流入然资源重工业投资私公司独立进行扩张甚政府阻止交易家市公司直接间接融资中占例相情况少见外中国领导层通监控制资控制国企业私企业进行间接控制
日欧洲等贸易伙伴中国美国政治军事盟友中国军队正着明确方发展作伊朗鲜巴基斯坦等流氓政权敏感技术扩散者名声素导致接受中国外国直接投资国家安全风险担忧问题控制战略资产控制关键国防投入生产流氓国家转敏感技术技术事间谍活动破坏黑客活动
外中国企业美国国家安全利益忠诚度低国企业应风险
美国审查外国公司通美国外国直接投资委员会(CFIUS)国家进行投资
然中国美国部分交易实际获批准通投资政治化中国进行负责指控选择利益集团中美关系构成阻碍正2005年中海油优尼科事件中样恐华声音政策制定者美国民意调查产生重影响
产义社会义美国公众中然认禁忌中国进行实质性商业显美国化民没美国政治忠诚见证中国崛起超级国说害怕中国中国存似然事情情绪民族义情绪效辩中应该谨慎行事安全问题会错误应目前没真正威胁情况简单度反应担忧会引发初预期更问题
相欧洲正拥抱中国FDI总说欧盟国家增加中国投资反应支持欢迎数欧盟成员国试图通提供指导援助服务展示欧洲吸引力增加中国外直接投资欧洲积极支持吸引留住中国投资者动机简单资金中国投资激增弥补传统源减少资金流通陷入困境企业提供新资增加竞争消费者福利扩进入世界增长快市场机会重新点燃济增长步伐中国流入欧洲外国直接投资令震惊直2008年年流入总额10亿美元2011年底达100亿美元出现强劲升趋势2010年中国外直接投资(OFDI)占欧盟总股十分欧洲政策制定者意识中国金融火力正积极寻求更程度中国投资11年中国欧洲直接投资相北京周增加外汇储备
面济国家安全考虑欧盟直中国资开放潜处视超风险美国样数收购商业动机驱动私公司进行点2008年金融危机期间尤明显时中国企业加强识收购境况佳欧洲公司步伐德国企业)反应没激起民族义恐惧促欧盟成员国努力规范外国直接投资政策做法美国目前没机构专门国家安全目筛选外国投资安全问题确实存没迹象表明中国投资正损害欧洲国家安全
国际商业特立独行扫罗·艾森伯格逃离纳粹德国日1930年代末普遍认第中国色列间贸易联系前SinoIsrael关系奠定基础建立正式双边关系两国1992年
时起两国外交关系保持良发展势头保持稳定增长势头投资研发活动世纪初开始激增直呈升趋势2004年华色列建立研发中心该公司美国阻止电信投资公司三华2010年色列太阳公司投资标志着家中国民营企业色列首次外国直接投资2011年中国化工收购色列化学品公司联想投资色列独特初创企业跨境协议中国色列增加投资坚实基础
进行投资基础设施融资天然气中国会资助特拉维夫南部城市埃拉特铁路中国海洋石油总公司(CNOOC)正寻求投资色列利维坦气田外色列首席科学家办公室营着两项工业研发合作项目(MATIMOP)促进中国色列间合作技术创新
然度视吸引力市场中国投资色列军事基础设施国土安全(HLS)产品2001年美国政府阻止中国军方出售色列福尔康(Phalcon)飞机2005年没收美国国家安全威胁理色列哈派(机)色列放弃美国结盟潜利图贸易关系制定中国出售武器政策项政策直天然效中国hls相关销售禁止潜国家安全风险降低然没公开数证实中军事关系正深化2010年双方军事官员间高层会晤幅增加
未日子里色列应该开始中国出口国防产品相关行业建立强力工作关系投资政策未合作关重色列位中国合作条件外国直接投资流入保证会夜间幅增加考虑色列面风险时区突总会潜投资者感安中国伊朗交道程中外交层面紧张局势然没解决断升温中关系总欧洲样色列必须采取更积极措施确保外国直接投资流入传统放手投资推广方式已时应该支持现52投资促进机构中包括专门吸引设立员充足资金充足机构外国直接投资中国陆国家政治商业领袖应该亲接触中国企业机构投资者什行业吸引中国投资者会议讲班应中国政府举办中国促进贸易投资举办样色列应该采取协调致官方努力缩短中西方实践心理距离包括文化差异语言力理实践通规章制度加强跨文化解彼业务规范指导商业联系项目发展中国公司持久发展关系关重
外国直接投资直推动色列现代济增长关键素前投资带处包括注入新资创造业机会实现股东价值化开放外国市场获作安全利图投资国家合法性色列外国直接投资太重美国中国投资者方式中没精心策划政治操疑虑色列必须证明中国代源灌溉通讯医疗器械等领域较优势加雄厚资源色列必须展示效投资激励措施包括赠款税收优惠技术孵化器项目市场营销培训援助展示色列强法律体系知识产权先进金融基础设施样重
着进入中国国新时代色列必须采取利中国模式吸引投资中国外直接投资会增长迹象表明2012年11月台北京新领导层换届期间政府政策继续加OFDI支持力度色列促进贸易便利化做努力越中国令印象深刻市场开门鉴中国财富应该更加重视吸引中国投资者色列中国企业吸引色列投资环境相中国投资者言尚未开发色列说明智缘政治定位色列必须时采取行动抓住机会窗口美国区开成欢迎容易投资方
外文原文
A Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas
Foreign Direct Investment
Aurora Carlson specializes in Chinese current affairs She holds an MA from Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington DC and a BA in Mandarin Chinese from the University of Wisconsin (Madison)Ms Carlson currently works at a venture capital firm in Tel Aviv
Over the past decade Chinese overseas foreign direct investment (OFDI) has risen dramatically around the world prompting a range of policy responses by other governments ranging from outright opposition to carteblanche approval The United States has taken a more conservative tack imposing difficult regulations and blocking deals on the grounds of national security interests However a close analysis of the makeup and sectoral trends of Chinese investment call into question the logic and legitimacy of US misgivings Given the investment disincentives posed by the US Congress and Chinese firms’ search for alternate investment markets Israel is in a key position to offer an attractive investment environment as an alternative to the US and the EU in targeted industries Israel parallels the US as an OFDI destination for its specialized hightech innovation highly skilled workforce and variety of investment and business incentives Examining the US and EU responses to Chinese investment patterns provides insight into how Israel might best leverage its position to attract Chinese overseas foreign direct investment
Historically the People’s Republic of China has not been considered a sophisticated global investor but that perception is quickly changing Even to the casual observer of current affairs China’s growth figures over the past two decades have been aweinspiring Today ranked as the world’s fifth largest outward investor China has turned itself into a dynamic OFDI player China went from investing just 2 billion in the early 2000s to more than 60 billion in 2010 Total Chinese OFDI between 2010 and 2020 is estimated to reach 1–2 trillion
The reasons behind Chinese OFDI growth are a combination of regular market competition features and investment promotion efforts led by the central government In the 1990s OFDI was led by stateowned enterprises (SOEs) through special investment promotion policies such as going out and creatingGlobal ChampionsA handful of companies was appointed by a central committee to go out into the world marketplace to compete as international brands China’s economic policies have evolved significantly since then statistical evidence from various sources demonstrates that today’s investment patterns are driven overwhelmingly by commercial motives rather than government policiesThe Chinese government is seen to be taking an increasingly handsoff approach but it would be a stretch to call it laissezfaire On the contrary there is unprecedented support for expanding commercial interests overseas The reason for such government support is simply part of China’s opening up strategy of embracing liberal market economics More specifically China sees OFDI as a means for macroeconomic rebalancing of its foreign reserves surplus Moreover there are efforts on the national and subnational levels to promote overseas investment in recognition of the fact that mature and cashstrong firms need to move up the value chain as they expand and evolve
On the whole China has greatly simplified its investment regulatory framework in recent years Policymakers play an important role in removing outdated and cumbersome government regulations so firms can maximize their successes abroad For example new allowances related to foreign exchange have greatly assisted in opening up investment opportunities for Chinese firms Until the mid2000s all foreign exchange earned was required to be converted into renminbi China’s national currency in order to manage its exchange rate This repressed the Chinese market preventing it from following a more natural pace of investment The increased issuance of lowinterest loans and subsidies has also facilitated Chinese OFDI
In October 2012 the Intelligence Committee of the US House of Representatives published a study that effectively blocked China’s major telecom firms from doing business in the USOver the past few years a number of large crossborder deals from China running in the billions of dollars failed at the hands of US regulators In what The Economist dubs technonationalism hightech infrastructure deals in the US have become the stuff of public debateEven the language used in US government agency publications is rife with accusatory terms such as aggressive Communist and manipulationThe Chinese response has not been passive in turn accusing the US of demonizing China and pursuing an unfair discriminatory economic policyThis scenario is just the latest in the series of decadeslong US protestations over Chinese investment patterns and it will certainly not be the last While the US has historically pursued relatively uninterrupted policies of openness toward FDI China’s rise is challenging this consensus However given the relatively weakened state of the US economy and the great benefits by FDI it seems incongruous for the US Congress to raise such alarmThe origins of heightened US concern over Chinese investment lie in economic and national security First there is a fear that if the Chinese economy faltersChinese firms might pull out entirely or partially from their commitments in the US market destabilizing areas of the US economyHowever considering the fact that Chinese OFDI made up only 04 percent of total FDI stock in the US in 2011 such macroeconomic volatility fears do not seem justifiedSecond increased FDI could counter US efforts to reduce its heavy trade deficit The US trade deficit stands at just over 42 billion of which nearly 30 billion is attributed to its imbalance with ChinaJust as Chinese FDI boosts returns on overseas assets so does it affect the balance of trade placing China into a higher surplus and the US into a deeper deficit Third when an invested US asset reaches maturity concerns arise over the possible relocation of its operations to China In good news for the US much of America’s lure as an investment destination lies in its highly skilled human capital and knowhow thus making a relocation scenario unlikely Finally some worry surrounds Chinese business practice or malpractice As Chinese capitalism depends less on law than on the interpretation of law by one’s powerful friends there are fears that a similar culture of doing business beyond the law could develop on American soil While it is logical to assume that such a scenario would weaken an integral aspect of a functional and healthy US economy it is highly unlikely that there are systematic attempts to impose this aspect of Chinese capitalism on America
Investments made by government entities and SOEs strike deep nationalistic chords in the US The SOEs are seen as entities that could be driven by ulterior motives in making investments They are often feared for their sheer size nontransparency internal Communist Party committees and for having huge amounts of cash and not operating according to commercial market motivations However American policymakers would do well to look at some simple and updated statistics before launching into frenzied diatribes First of all not all Chinese investment is linked to the state There are four categories of Chinese investors sovereign wealth funds stateowned companies hybrid stateprivate companies and whollyprivate companies From 2000 to 2011 74 percent of FDI inflow from China was generated by private firms The majority of these investments are clearly profit driven as Chinese firms look for operating platforms new technology and brand name recognition The level of sophistication and smart buys being seen across sectors around the globe is not indicative of politically driven directives by party officials in Beijing
However this is not to suggest that US worries are entirely unfounded While the majority of deals in the US were made by private companies SOEs lead in the total amount of capital invested accounting for more than half of all Chinese OFDI to the US Most of this capital flowed into natural resource and heavy industry investments And though private companies pursue expansion independently even having deals blocked by their own governments it is not uncommon for a publicly traded company to exist with a significant proportion of its equity funded either directly or indirectly by the government In addition Chinese leadership holds indirect control over SOEs and private firms via regulatory control and capital controls
China is not a political or military ally of the US unlike other major trading partners such as Japan and European countries China’s military is modernizing in an unclear direction and has a reputation as a major proliferator of sensitive technologies to rogue regimes such as Iran North Korea and PakistanThese factors are cause for apprehension over the national security risks in accepting Chinese FDI The main concerns are in the areas of control of strategic assets control over the production of critical defense inputs the transfer of sensitive technology or knowhow to rogue states espionage and sabotage or hacking
Furthermore Chinese firms are likely to be less loyal to the national security interests of the US than domestic firms To address these risks the US reviews all proposed investments by
foreign firms from all countries through the Committee on Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
While most of China’s deals in the US are actually given the stamp of approval select interest groups are putting a damper on Sino–US ties by politicizing investment and making irresponsible claims against China As seen during the failed CNOOC–Unocal affair in 2005 these Sinophobic voices have made a significant impact in influencing both policymakers and US opinion polls
Communism and socialism are still largely considered taboo among the American public making it seem somehow unAmerican to engage in substantial business dealings with China which is undemocratic and absent of US political loyalties For a superpower standing witness to the sensational rise of China it seems almost natural to fear a greater Chinese presence in the homeland While the emotional nationalistic outpouring may be valid caution should be taken to reign in the debate as security concerns can be misapplied in situations that present no real threat because of simple overreaction or worrying potentially causing greater problems than initially forecast
By contrast Europe is embracing Chinese FDI On the whole the response by European Union (EU) countries to increased Chinese investment has been supportive and welcoming To reveal the degree of Iran has blocked more incoming investment from China than has Germany3Most EU member countries seek to increase Chinese OFDI by showcasing Europe’s attractive qualities by providing guidance and assistance services The motive behind Europe’s proactive support to attract and keep Chinese investors is simple cash Surging investment from China has the potential to make up for diminished flows from traditional sources reignite growth by providing fresh capital to troubled firms increase competition and consumer welfare and expand access to one of the biggest and fastestgrowing markets in the world The pace of Chinese FDI inflow into Europe has been staggering Until 2008 annual inflows totaled less than 1 billion but reached 10 billion by the end of 2011 Despite this strong upward trend Chinese OFDI stock stood at less than onetenth of the EU’s total in 2010European policymakers are aware that China has a lot more financial firepower than it is using and thus are actively seeking a greater level ofChinese investment The past eleven years of Chinese FDI in Europe is equivalent to Beijing’s weekly increase of foreign exchange reserves
The EU has been open to Chinese capital in the face of economic and national security considerations because the potential benefits are seen to exceed the risks38 As with the US the majority of acquisitions are being made by whollyprivate firms driven by commercial motivations This was especially apparent during the 2008 financial crisis when Chinese firms stepped up to identify and acquire ailing European firms (ie Germany’s Mittelstand) Rather than sparking nationalistic fear the response has brought about efforts to standardize FDI policy and practice among EU member states Unlike in the US there is not yet a body established solely for the screening of foreign investments for national security purposes While security concerns do exist there is no indication that Chinese investment is damaging European national security today
International business maverick Shaul Eisenberg who fled Nazi Germany for Japan at the end of the 1930s is widely credited with having initiated the first trade links between the PRC and Israel and for having laid the foundations for Sino–Israel relations well before formal bilateral ties were established between the two countries in 1992
Since that time diplomatic relations have remained quite strong and have enjoyed steady growth Investment and R&D activity began to spike in the early 2000s and have been on the rise ever since In 2004 Huawei (the same company the US recently blocked from making telecom investments) established an R&D center in Israel Sanhua’s 2010 investment in Israeli solar company Heliofocus marked the first foreign direct investment in Israel by a private Chinese company In 2011 ChemChina bought Israeli chemicals company Makhteshim Agan Most recently Lenovo invested in Israel’s unique startup industry This handful of crossborder agreements marks strong foundations for increased Chinese investment in Israel
Upcoming investments will likely be in infrastructure financing and natural gas China may be slated to finance a railway from Tel Aviv to the southern city of Eilatand China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) is looking to invest in Israel’s Leviathan gas fieldIn addition the Office of Israel’s Chief Scientist runs two industrial R&D cooperation programs (MATIMOP) to foster collaborative technological innovation between China and Israel
Though at one time seen as attractive markets China does not invest in Israel’s military infrastructure or homeland security (HLS) products The US government blocked the sale of Israeli Phalcon aircraft to the Chinese military in 2001 and in 2005 confiscated Israeli Harpies (unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) destined for China both times on the grounds of US national security threats Foregoing this potentially lucrative trade relationship to honor its alliance with the US Israel instituted a policy of no weapons sales to China This policy remains in place until today Since HLSrelated sales to China are prohibited potential national security risks are also reduced While there are no public data to confirm speculations that Sino–Israel military ties are deepening highlevel meetings between military officials from both sides have increased dramatically since 2010
Should Israel commence defense exports to China at a future date establishing strong working relationships and investment policies in unrelated industries today will be crucial for future cooperation
Though Israel is wellpositioned and on cooperative terms with China FDI inflows are not guaranteed to increase dramatically overnight Regional conflict invariably clouds the minds of potential investors in considering the risk involved in Israel tensions on a diplomatic level remain insecure over China’s dealings with Iran and a warming Sino–Israel relationship is not always viewed favorably in the
US Like Europe Israel must also take a more proactive approach to ensure FDI inflow
The traditional hands off’ investment approach to investment promotion is outdated Existing investment promotion agencies should be bolstered to include wellstaffed and wellfunded bureaus dedicated specifically to attracting FDI from mainland China National political and business leaders should personally reach out to China’s largest firms and institutional investors regardless of sector Conferences and workshops to attract Chinese investors should be held in conjunction with the government much like those hosted by China to promote trade and investment Israel should make a concerted official effort to shorten thepsychic distance between Chinese and Western practice which includes cultural differences language abilities and different managerial practices Mentoring and business linkage programs in working through regulations and enhancing crosscultural understanding of one another’s business norms are paramount for developing lasting and growing relationships with Chinese firms
FDI has been a crucial factor in boosting Israel’s modern economic growthBenefits brought about by previous investments include the injection of new capital employment generation maximization of shareholder value the opening of foreign markets and the gaining of legitimacy as a safe and profitablecountry for investment FDI in Israel is simply too important to be forfeited because of uncalculated political maneuverings or misgivings of dubious foundation as seen in the American approach toward Chinese investors Israel must demonstrate to China its comparative advantage in the fields of alternative energy irrigation communications and medical devices combined with its deep endowment of human talent Israel must also showcase its effective investment incentives including grants tax incentives technological incubator programs and marketing and training assistance Finally showcasing Israel’s strong legal system intellectual property rights and advanced financial infrastructure is equally important
As we enter a new global age in which China is a major player Israel must adopt a Chinafriendly model for attracting investment Chinese OFDI is only going to grow there are good indications that government policies will continue to increase support for OFDI during the term of Beijing’s new leadership that came to power in November 2012 The more Israel does to facilitate ease of trade the more China is likely to open the doors to its impressive marketGreater emphasis should be placed on drawing Chinese investors to Israel given the wealth of Chinese firms and the attractive Israeli investment landscape relatively untapped by Chinese investors and as smart geopolitical positioning for Israel Israel must act in a timely manner seizing this window of opportunity to distinguish itself from the US as a welcoming and easy place to invest
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题目 国企业海外投资现状问题策
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承诺毕业文（设计）活动中遵守学校关规定恪守学术规范毕业文中剽窃抄袭学术观点思想成果篡改研究数违规行发生愿承担切责接受学校处理
学生（签名）：
年 月 日
毕业文
题目
国企业海外投资现状问题策
毕业文容求：
容：中国海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必针国企业现海外投资现状企业需投资前充分解海外投资环境扩融资渠道提高企业身素质政府需建立健全完善法律体系力发展海外投资信息服务体系寻求企业持续发展
求：文撰写求思路清晰容充实点明确充分证严密语言通撰写文前应首先阅读相关研究资料掌握学术前动态相关理著作握提高理水思想深度根开题报告老师提出意见文提纲进行修改确定纲认真撰写毕业文撰写文结束根老师修改意见认真反复修改文求参加毕业文答辩严格文进度安排进行文写作文格式字数等撰写方面求参中国质学长城学院毕业文（设计）撰写规范
毕业文参考资料：
[1] 敦忆岚新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究[D]北京中国社会科学院2014513
[2] 韩师光中国企业境外直接投资风险问题研究[D]长春：吉林学20142744
[3] 樊增强中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择[J]中国流通济2015(07)3339
[4] 朱兴龙中国外直接投资风险防范制度研究[D]武汉武汉学20161819
[5] 王书杰中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究[D]北京中中央校20162329
[6] 赵杰中国企业海外投资研究[D]北京中中央校201479
[7] 郭兴盛中国企业海外投资现状应措施[J]现代济信息2014(04)：59
[8] 帆中国外投资[M]海海财学出版社20143969
[9] 马振涛章文光新形势中国实施规模走出策略调整[J]国际贸易2015（3）：4953
[10] 游亚林中国企业外投资现状问题策[J]济视角(旬刊)2015（02）：2225
[11] Aurora CarlsonA Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas Foreign Direct Investment[J] Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs2013 (5)1923
[12] Tomoo Marukawa Comment on Overseas Impacts of China’s Outward Direct Investment
[J]Asian Economic Policy Review2014(7)1527
[13] Kevin PGallagherChina’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective[J]China & World Economy2014(11)2228
毕业文应完成工作：
1． 利中国知网维普万方等数库完成毕业文相关容文检索利图书馆图书资源查阅相关理容充分利互联网进行资料检索收集
2． 做实证方面文方面搜集相关区国家发布统计数
3． 认真撰写开题报告开题报告中指导教师提出意见进行修改
4． 认真撰写文根指导教师意见进行修改
5． 文定稿求进行毕业文答辩
毕业文进度安排：
序号
毕业文阶段容
时间安排
备注
1
确定毕业文选题收集资料整理资料完成文务书
2017101320171025
2
编写文提纲撰写开题报告进行开题完成开题答辩
2017102620171115
3
进步查找资料作社会调查
2017111620171130
4
撰写文完成第稿交指导教师
201712120171231
5
指导教师阅改文
2018112018131
6
修改文完成第二稿交指导教师
2018212018228
7
指导教师阅改文完成中期检查表
2018312018315
8
修改文完成第三稿交指导教师
20183162018331
9
指导教师阅改文返学生修改立交指导教师
2018412018415
10
专家评阅
20184162018430
11
毕业文答辩
2018512018515
12
评定学生终文成绩评出院优秀文
20185162018531
课题信息：
课题性质： 设计□ 文√
课题源： 教学√ 科研□ 生产□ □
发出务书日期：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室意见：
教研室签名：
年 月 日
学生签名：
毕业文题目
国企业海外投资现状问题策
开题报告（阐述课题目意义研究现状研究容研究方案进度安排预期结果参考文献等）
文研究目意义
1．研究目：
研究目：企业积极推进海外投资相程度获先进技术整合全球资源提升企业核心竞争力意图全球作舞台进行战略布局选择海外投资目标时单价格素考虑时选择价格具吸引力时身低成工程设计生产模式形成互补企业通该问题研究针国企业现状分析国企业海外投资存问题提出行性策方面推动国企业海外投资发展拓展海外生存空间寻求企业持续发展
2．研究意义：
（1）理意义：带路战略作国首倡发展战略国企业海外投资具深远意义国企业海外投资存许问题文通该问题研究总结结合国前实际情况搜集数政府企业角度分析提出应国企业海外投资存问题策略解决国企业海外投资问题策提供理理参考
（2）现实意义：研究证明国企业进行海外投资国国济国际贸易等方面取较济利益时助缓解国业压力促进社会稳定国目前企业海外投资存问题情况国政府相关部门应结合实际情况积极改善海外投资环境国企业海外投资提供支持鼓励国企业迅速融入全球化济进程中取进步发展具重现实意义
二研究现状
1．国外研究现状：Aurora Carlson（2013）色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资中分析中国企业海外投资现状提出扩海外投资具体策略Tomoo Marukawa (2014)评中国企业外直接投资海外影响中通研究中国企业海外投资现状特点认扩企业海外投资中国济发展具重意义Kevin PGallagher（2014）较视角中国外直接投资融资中揭示中国企业海外投资必性企业海外投资特点现状遇融资问题国家企业角度分提出策
2．国研究现状：企业海外投资够力推动中国国济增长国学者研究该问题重前提敦忆岚（2014）新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究中分析国企业海外投资现状着重融资问题提出策首先提高国企业国际竞争力次扩融资渠道加强海外投资信息收集利胡峰(2013)国企业外直接投资现状问题策分析中传统新兴两角度企业融资问题进行分析针融资难原提出相应措施首先政府加强扶持力度次企业部建立信评审授权制度规范民间资融资秩序游亚林（2015）中国企业外投资现状问题策中讲述国企业海外投资特点分析企业海外投资现状建议企业建立健全风险规避机制转变营模式增强企业品牌意识提高国际竞争力帆（2014）中国外投资书中分析国企业外投资现状认国企业海外投资应发展中国家海外投资理作思路切入点结合企业特点市场需求积极开展企业海外投资郭兴盛（2014）中国企业海外投资现状应措施中阐述前国企业海外投资发展现状特点取成效程中存投资结构合理融资困难缺乏等问题政府企业两角度提出促进国企业海外投资策建议
三研究容
1前言
2国企业海外投资现状
21投资规模扩
22投资体国企业
23第三产业投资断增长
3国企业海外投资存问题
31政府理方面问题
311政府扶持力度够
312外投资法律体系完善
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务
32企业方面问题
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查
324缺乏精通海外投资专业
4促进国企业海外投资发展策
41政府方面建议
411加强政府企业扶持力度
412完善国相关法律制度
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系
42企业身策
421加强公外交提高企业理水
422做企业海外投资前战略规划
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中
424重视培养海外投资专业
5结
四研究方案
1．利中国知网维普万方等数库完成毕业文相关容文检索利图书馆图书资源查阅相关理容充分利互联网进行资料检索收集
2运调查法文献资料法撰写文解决企业海外投资问题出国企业海外投资环境求结合具体数理进行证实
五进度安排
1．确定毕业文选题收集资料整理资料完成文务书2017101320171025
2．编写文提纲撰写开题报告进行开题完成开题答辩2017102620171115
3．进步查找资料作社会调查2017111620171130
4．撰写文完成第稿交指导教师201712120171231
5．指导教师阅改文2018112018131
6．修改文完成第二稿交指导教师2018212018228
7．指导教师阅改文完成中期检查表2018312018315
8．修改文完成第三稿交指导教师20183162018331
9．指导教师阅改文返学生修改立交指导教师2018412018415
10．专家评阅20184162018430
11．毕业文答辩2018512018515
12．评定学生终文成绩评出院优秀文20185162018531
六预期结果
通撰写篇文充分应时学相关理理联系实际提高理应解决实际问题力时目前国企业海外投资存问题情况解决问题提出建议改善国企业海外投资情况做出更效推动作促进国济发展社会稳定
七参考文献
[1] 敦忆岚新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究[D]北京中国社会科学院2014513
[2] 韩师光中国企业境外直接投资风险问题研究[D]长春：吉林学20142744
[3] 樊增强中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择[J]中国流通济2015(07)3339
[4] 朱兴龙中国外直接投资风险防范制度研究[D]武汉武汉学20161819
[5] 王书杰中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究[D]北京中中央校20162329
[6] 赵杰中国企业海外投资研究[D]北京中中央校201479
[7] 郭兴盛中国企业海外投资现状应措施[J]现代济信息2014(04)：59
[8] 帆中国外投资[M]海海财学出版社20143969
[9] 马振涛章文光新形势中国实施规模走出策略调整[J]国际贸易2015（3）：4953
[10] 游亚林中国企业外投资现状问题策[J]济视角(旬刊)2015（02）：2225
[11] Aurora CarlsonA Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas Foreign Direct Investment[J] Israel Journal of Foreign Affairs2013 (5)1923
[12] Tomoo MarukawaComment on Overseas Impacts of China’s Outward Direct Investment[J]Asian Economic Policy Review2014(7)1527
[13] Kevin PGallagherChina’s Outward Foreign Direct Investment Finance in Comparative Perspective[J]China & World Economy2014(11)2228
指导教师意见：
指导教师签名：
年 月 日
教研室意见：
审查结果： 意□ 意□
教研室签名：
年 月 日
Aurora Carlson(2013)色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资中分析中国企业海外投资现状反思维方式分析获中国投资程针前国际形势出中国海外投资中常遇问题提出相应措施提出扩海外投资具体策略
Tomoo Marukawa (2014)评中国企业外直接投资海外影响中通研究中国企业海外投资现状特点资源寻求投资利身区位素考虑海外投资进行系统分析认扩企业海外投资中国济发展具重意义
Kevin PGallagher（2014）较视角中国外直接投资融资中揭示中国企业海外投资必性企业海外投资特点现状表明中国海外投资集中进行国企业投资产业进行分析时阐述国企业进行海外投资程中缺乏海外投资验遇融资问题国家企业角度分提出策
敦忆岚（2014）新时期中国企业外投资问题策研究中分析国企业海外投资现状着重融资问题提出策首先提高企业国际竞争力次扩融资渠道加强海外投资信息收集利
王书杰（2016）中国企业海外直接投资绩效研究中讲述国企业海外投资特点分析企业海外投资现状建议企业建立健全风险规避机制转变营模式增强企业品牌意识提高国际竞争力传统新兴两角度企业融资问题进行分析针融资难原提出相应措施首先政府加强扶持力度次企业部建立信评审授权制度规范民间资融资秩序
郭兴盛（2014）中国企业海外投资现状应措施中阐述前国企业海外投资发展现状特点取成效详细描述国企业年海外投资数国企业进行海外投资体进行说明程中存投资结构合理融资困难缺乏等问题政府企业两角度提出促进国企业海外投资策建议
游亚林（2015）中国企业外投资现状问题策中国企业进行融资时遇问题进行详细描述认国政府扶持力度企业支持欠缺企业身条件定足针现问题出具体解决方案时分析国企业外投资现状认国企业海外投资应发展中国家海外投资理作思路切入点结合企业特点市场需求积极开展企业海外投资
王晓红（2017）国企业外直接投资现状策研究中通国企业发展特点进行详细描述出合适发展策略阐述国企业进行海外投资程中遇难题政府方面扶持力度够企业身海外投资信息提取全面等针难题进行进步优化
樊增强（2015）中国企业外直接投资现状问题战略选择中阐述中国企业发展现状表明国企业然发展速度快定区位优势遇发展节点融资难度阻碍企业发展结合前市场发展形势出具体针融资解决方案
综述通相关文献整理解国企业海外投资面问题学者角度针性提出相应策部分学者整体角度展开企业海外投资问题研究学者着重分析企业融资难度问题通政府企业两方面企业进行海外投资建议学者通反思维方式通阐述吸引中国投资外国程间接引导国企业进行海外投资策略篇文会国企业海外投资现状进行具体分析迅猛发展程中遇节点文会进步解释企业海外投资问题策展开讨企业进行海外投资提供理意义通问题提出策略详细阐述会国企业进步海外投资发展提供现实意义
国企业海外投资现状问题策
摘
年着济全球化进程进步加快国企业进行海外投资逐步进入飞速发展阶段企业海外投资中国济发展中发挥着关重作中包括社会总产值创造提供财政税收增加业岗位方面促进企业快发展保持国民济稳较快发展重基础关系民生社会稳定重战略务时企业外投资发展速度快海外投资发展状况逐渐成国外投资关注焦点通断提升企业海外投资水提高国国际影响力中国海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必文首先国企业海外投资现状特点进行详细叙述然具体分析企业进行海外投资时面问题缺乏海外投资验海外信息提取全面企业战略完整国相关法律政策严谨等问题综述政府企业身两角度提出相应解决方法国企业进行海外投资健康发展提供帮助
关键词：济全球化海外投资企业战略
ABSTRACT
In recent years with the further acceleration of economic globalization China＇s outward investment has also entered a rapid development stage The overseas investment of enterprises plays a vital role in the development of China＇s economy including the creation of social output value the provision of fiscal revenue and the increase of employment Promoting good and fast development of enterprises is an important basis for maintaining steady and rapid development of national economy and is a major strategic task for people＇s livelihood and social stability At the same time the development of foreign investment of enterprises is fast and the development of overseas investment has gradually become the focus of China＇s foreign investment The development of China＇s overseas investment is facing an unprecedented scale there will be more enterprises to the international market invest overseas therefore in the overseas investment of Chinese enterprises are faced with the problem in the face is very necessary This article will be to our country enterprise overseas investment status and characteristic in detail and then concrete analysis enterprise in the overseas investment problems such as difficult financing overseas information extraction is not comprehensive corporate strategy is incomplete and the serious problems of our country related legal policy In the end the corresponding solutions are put forward from the two perspectives of the government and enterprises which can help the healthy development of overseas investment by Chinese enterprises
Key words Economic globalizationOverseas investmentCorporate strategy
目 录
1前言 1
2国企业海外投资现状 1
21投资规模扩 1
22投资体国企业 2
23第三产业投资断增长 2
3国企业海外投资存问题 3
31政府理方面问题 3
311政府扶持力度够 3
312外投资法律体系完善 4
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务 4
32企业方面问题 4
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验 4
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略 5
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查 5
324缺乏精通海外投资专业 5
4促进国企业海外投资发展策 6
41政府方面建议 6
411加强政府企业扶持力度 6
412完善国相关法律制度 6
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系 7
42企业身策 7
421加强公外交提高企业理水 7
422做企业海外投资前战略规划 7
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中 8
424重视培养海外投资专业 8
5结 9
参考文献 10
致谢 11
1前 言
中国企业进行海外投资面空前发展规模会更企业走国际市场进行海外投资正视国企业海外投资中面问题显十分必国企业现发展迅猛必须正视企业身缺陷诸确定性素欠缺海外投资验国际市场信息解等针国企业现海外投资现状企业需投资前充分解海外投资环境做企业海外投资前战略规划提高企业身素质政府需建立健全完善法律体系力发展海外投资信息服务体系寻求企业持续发展通政府企业联合针性提出解决方案促进国企业进行海外投资奠定更基础国企业海外投资道路越走越远
2国企业海外投资现状
21投资规模扩
济全球化正改变着现国际分工格局国家企业越越投入海外投资中国政府海外投资越越重视现国企业进行海外投资趋势迅猛区位优势灵活度国际市场舞台扮演着越越重角色尤国海城市济较发达区企业进行海外投资图1知2012年开始国企业外投资额逐步增加均年增速约152016年国外投资净额达1961亿美元增长347创新高国企业进行海外投资疑良开始
图1 20122016年中国外投资量情况
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
22投资体国企业
表12016年中国外非金融类直接投资存量表表1出直止2016年末外非金融类直接投资中国企业占543国企业海外投资中占位置非国企业占457中限责公司占178私营企业占 87私营企业中企业新兴企业股份限公司占86外商投资企业占35增长1333港澳台商投资企业占35股份合作企业占07集体企业占03占26整体国投资体国企业
表1 2016年中国外非金融类直接投资存量表
单位：亿美元
分类
金额（亿美元）
占（）
国企业
64077
543
限责公司
21005
178
股份限公司
10148
86
股份合作企业
826
07
私营企业
10266
87
外商投资企业
4130
35
集体企业
354
03
港澳台商投资企业
3186
27
3068
26
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
23第三产业投资断增长
图2知2014年2016年国外投资第三产业占越越第二产业占降2016年末中国外直接投资存量763分布第三产业（服务业）金额 103604亿美元分布租赁商务服务批发零售信息传输软件信息技术服务房产交通运输仓储金融等领域第二产业 3083亿美元占中国外直接投资存量 227中采矿业14513亿美元占第二产业471制造业（含金属制品机械设备修理业）10793亿美元占35建筑业3242亿美元占105电力热力燃气水生产供应业2282亿美元占74第产业1305亿美元占1国企业进行海外投资程中受国传统投资影响会选择投资风险较产业年数表明国企业进行海外投资会质量型高收益第三产业扩
图2 20142016年中国外直接投资产业分布
注：数源2016年度中国外投资统计公报
3国企业海外投资存问题
国企业海外投资长期趋势保持国国际市场效竞争方面起着非常重作 国企业进行海外投资程中遇确定性难免企业身认识缺陷国政府角度问题国政府扶持企业进行海外投资扶持力度够国际市场行情企业提供进步效便捷企业身规模缺乏国际投资验会进步阻碍企业进行海外投资发展需政府企业努力充分认识身足足进行分析提出相应解决方案国企业发展更
31政府理方面问题
311政府扶持力度够
国政府企业进行海外投资程中缺乏企业进行海外投资规划指导国企业进行海外投资区方没战略支持定程度造成国企业进行国企业海外投资时具定盲目性序性外国企业进行海外投资时会遇阻碍国政府扶持力度国企业影响力政府没针性国企业提供帮助海外投资信息数化资金支持方面力度够
现国际投资发展趋势较国政府纷纷采取相应政策企业进行保障国企业融资难基础面国际投资环境投资数全面问题国政府应该企业进行海外投资方面谢关注度加企业海外投资扶持力度国企业进行海外投资发展提供助力
312外投资法律体系完善
着国济迅猛发展国企业进行海外投资国带国际影响力越越国企业国际市场中位偏低企业进行融资获取国际市场信息渠道够定程度阻碍国进行海外投资进程决定国政府应该加强国企业进行海外投资扶持力度进步促进国企业海外投资发展时国企业进行外投资相发达国家较晚国设立相关办事处相关法律政策够完善国制定相关外汇制制度够健全时相关国际信息服务系统国企业进行海外投资提供针性帮助加国政府年企业进行海外投资扶持力度够年国海外投资部分专门资金受国相关外汇政策限制国企业仅面融资压力情况新增项压力定程度阻碍国企业进行海外投资发展
313欠缺相关海外投资信息咨询服务
国企业现够获取海外市场信息准确够效利身资金进行海外信息国际市场行情进行效交流研究国际市场体系中企业赖政府获取相应海外市场信息通政府设立台进行投资技术交流时金融机构国际信息咨询台出现台带效益机构规模机构高技术限数库够全面国际市场进行全面效分析概括反国企业海外投资产生定阻碍政府应该制定相关海外投资信息咨询服务体系支持国企业进行海外投资提供便捷企业国际发展速度提高国企业进行海外投资时够面数进行效分析
32企业方面问题
321企业缺乏海外投资验理验
国企业进行海外投资发展速度快进行投资企业数量庞企业国际投资验少企业理制度够细化企业高素质高新技术缺乏导致企业信誉高企业品牌知名度够相发达国家言国企业面世界发展速度快国企业国际竞争力差综合资质高国企业想加快身变革转型进度提高身效率身信誉高规模获国际信息全面国际市场行情够效捕捉重点常性参国际性投资中常常会错失良机时国企业身理水高企业部结构乱海外投资解甚少企业理者制定清晰海外投资战略国企业进行海外投资没投资验理验盲目投资企业带定程度损失
322企业缺乏清晰海外投资发展战略
国企业海外投资缺乏验时受传统文化影响投资具定理性数海外投资中低档产品少高新技术产品国企业发展现状企业获高新技术专业机会相较企业综合力较弱足国际市场中国际型企业进行抗衡定程度影响国进行海外投资发展投资专业较少企业理者缺乏国际投资营理念考虑全球投资方面会考虑够全面难企业身发展海外投资联系起海外投资作种享受国家扶持政策企业更获取国家政府企业海外投资补助进行海外投资实际海外投资知定程度阻碍国企业进行海外投资进程企业部海外投资项目专业分析够效仿海外企业投资策略没针身特点需求进行投资时海外投资相关专业缺少海外投资战略清晰造成国海外投资定程度缓慢发展
323企业投资盲目欠缺市场调查
国企业缺乏投资项目市场调查国企业缺乏市场信息技术现状解国外法律政策投资环境熟悉现种资源未效统起收集国际市场信息加利效分析便会国企业会盲目进行海外投资欠缺国际市场信息优化利企业进行盲目投资会造成海外投资终失败
企业进行项投资时会面诸确定性素投资回报率低需企业身做准备应面资金足者负债风险然部分企业重视加资金融资力度通更安全方式进行融资获资金掌握市场信息进行效全面分析盲目出击会企业身带风险时国企业进行海外投资程中发达国家区投资力度相较集中亚洲等发展中国家区企业味保守投资样会造成投资结构衡企业外投资区域度集中会造成国企业间竞争重复投资利国外投资布局国企业产业结构升级吸引外国先进技术产生阻碍
324缺乏精通海外投资专业
济全球化发展迅猛天需求精通海外投资更求贤渴企业进行海外投资必须相关专业否会进行海外投资程中绕弯国企业部员分工合理没精通海外投资员进行数分析国际投资形势分析全面会影响企业进行海外投资时企业部创新员缺失济迅猛天国家行业积极进行产品创新提高身综合竞争力企业竞争质竞争国企业海外投资专业缺乏方面企业身条件限制企业招募需定竞争优势者薪资优势企业目前尚完全具备难吸引高技术方面国企业进行海外投资没明确战略布局企业竞争力弱想获专业技术国际企业竞争国际企业着雄厚资金良市场验国企业说疑巨压力企业进行海外投资产生定阻碍
4促进国企业海外投资发展策
国企业进行海外投资定程度提高国国际竞争力国企业解决身海外投资程中遇系列问题国际市场发挥更作针企业进行海外投资遇问题会政府企业身两方面提出应措施企业够更运身优势进行海外投资
41政府方面建议
411加强政府企业扶持力度
国政府应该针国企业海外投资现状发展特点采取相应资金支持加强扶持力度鼓励国企业进行海外投资国企业进行海外投资时强盾企业营造良环境政府通建立创业扶持基金融资市场制定相关扶持政策提高商业银行金融机构企业贷款额度降低企业贷款资质审核门槛企业够更机会申请贷款获资金
企业进行海外投资首资金充沛拓宽企业融资渠道缓解企业面确定性素政府具体分三点：首先政府建立开展相应扶持活动鼓励企业进行海外投资企业进行融资渠道更加元化次市场力量鼓励银行设立企业服务专门机构推出融资产品提高融资效率政府应企业建立海外投资互动台供企业台进行数交流分析技术交流效针性提高身综合力
412完善国相关法律制度
法律法规作国企业发展基保障更进步国企业进行海外投资强盾促进企业海外投资发展奠定基础提高国企业进行海外投资积极性完善政府公服务外包制度企业相关外汇制制度保障针国企业海外投资存法律问题国吸取发达国家者国际市场中较成功企业海外投资案例然根国现实际国情企业发展现状建立具特色国企业进行海外投资方面发展利法律体系国企业进行海外投资定制度保障时认国企业进行海外投资法律制度容中少应包括层面企业外投资法海外投资审批法海外投资外汇理法海外投资企业税法海外投资保险法海外投资银行法外汇制法海外投资国资产理法
国应加企业进行海外投资资金支持国家实行外汇支持计划中应该企业关注政府应该降低者减免企业海外投资扣取保证金额度进步提高国企业海外投资积极性针营企业进行进步扶持政策允许利利润合资资金进行生产者允许海外投资企业定时期进行更新等等
413力发展海外投资信息服务体系
国家统计局中国商务部2003年开始制定外直接投资统计制度企业境外直接投资纳入国家统计范畴国家统计局中国商务部定期发布外直接投资统计公报（非金融部分）外商务部政府网站 设立中国外济合作指南驻外商机构子站建立境外投资国环境库定期发布国贸易投资环境报告外投资国产业导目录境外加工贸易国指导目录国企业海外直接投资营提供时效信息服务
国企业进行海外投资时国际市场行情数更全面分析国政府应该建立相应国际市场信息服务体系企业进行海外投资提供全面效数支持效世界市场行情分析企业够快时间获效安全渠道时政府国建立海外数库历年数进行系统分析时供国外企业进行数交流行情交流促进国企业进步提高海外投资积极性企业进行海外投资时够放矢
42企业身策
421加强公外交提高企业理水
加强公外交够企业进行海外投资部分帮助企业应加强企业交流沟通提升企业身品牌身形象企业应该制定公外交制度招收专业海外投资定期企业员工进行培训增强员工专业素养提高企业综合实力
国企业应加强身理力身公司进行充分解建立健全企业财务制度理制度优化公司部结构充分认识身缺陷弥补缺陷加快身制度转型逐步制度化规范化转型国企业年发展已初数量增加逐步演变质量进行突破新阶段尤历金融危机企业外投资发展更迅猛国国民济中占越越重位企业质量发展基础提高企业理水企业实现真正转型
422做企业海外投资前战略规划
目前止国企业资金实力限企业规模融资力差部分资金源银行金融机构申请贷款应该扩企业融资渠道首先政府寻求帮助现阶段国政府企业发展重视通政府寻求担保利政府开展项优惠政策进行融资次企业继续通银行金融机构进行融资企业应该健全身信制度保持良信誉企业通型企业海外机构进行合资支持扩身融资渠道企业进行海外投资重步投资前准备工作明确投资战略进步海外投资做铺垫
企业进行海外投资时需专业效数分析国企业海外投资缺乏验企业部定期进行培训建立海外投资数分析部门通专业效分析企业预先判断总说企业部外部优势合弥补足针足具体改善国企业海外投资趋势越越国企业应该国政府建立海外投资发展战略明确身企业优势合理取舍企业优势足明确海外投资战略目标够节省成基础获取利益积极寻求海外市场断提高身实力提高企业国际竞争力
423加强海外投资信息利避免投资度集中
企业进行合资发展降低企业总体成企业高新技术转变实现企业规模济国企业应该身实际出发根市场竞争状况国家区风俗惯选择灵活样营战略加强海外投资信息利通政府建立海外信息中心国际市场进步分析明确投资方现国际投资趋势越越迅猛国企业进行海外投资会遇突发问题面问题盲目投资现数仔细分析结合国信息服务系统数进行全面补充加联合力度解决问题规避风险弥补国企业面问题需海外土企业间建立战略联盟关系实现国际化营重手段加快国企业海外投资步伐重步
方面国企业应该发达国家区进行投资欧洲北美洲国家逐步加高新技术产品投资通外投资引进学发达国家先进技术理验提高企业营理水促进国企业进行外投资
424重视培养海外投资专业
时国企业新观念新事物进行实践旧观念进行改革提高营理水创新理技术树立竞争意识重点培养高素质企业企业部建立海外投资信息数交流会部技术员企业员分析数进行交流企业外培养高素质高技术提高企业素质积极发展高科技型企业增强企业竞争力抗风险力
国选择进行海外投资需国企业市场进步解调查消费者偏风俗惯等身产品进行创新变革身产品更具土性
企业应该方位考虑国际市场学会国际市场中找发展机会时根数库信息进行效全面分析重视市场调查获国际市场数进行效分析优化企业部组织结构提高企业理水营效率提升企业技术创新力提高企业海外投资竞争力国际市场影响力
5结
通文研究解国企业海外投资现状特点国海外投资规模迅速增长反映中国济实力断壮国际竞争力显著提高展现出中国世界国济联系日益紧密良前景国企业进行海外融资程中面问题尤避免融资难压力企业身素企业缺乏海外投资验已掌握数全面分析预测时没相关政策支持相应海外投资信息服务体系建立会国企业进行海外投资产生定阻碍作政府企业努力国企业更发展进行海外投资时更强盾时企业进行海外投资时盲目投资定国际市场相联系通政府建立相关机构进行国际济数全面效分析海外投资全面分析预测会企业进行海外投资取更进步成效国企业进行海外投资目标更加明确外国企业助国外成功海外投资案例吸取验弥补身足企业海外投资道路越越成功国企业进行海外投资范围越越广够进步提高国综合实力
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外文资料翻译译文
色列窗：吸引中国海外直接投资
Aurora Carlson专门研究中国时事华盛顿约翰霍普金斯学高级国际研究学院(SAIS)威斯康星学(麦迪逊分校)汉语普通话学士学位目前特拉维夫家风险投资公司工作
10年中国海外外直接投资(OFDI)全球范围急剧升引发国家政府系列政策回应包括完全反批准美国采取更保守策略国家安全利益实施艰难监阻止交易然仔细分析中国投资构成部门趋势会美国疑虑逻辑合法性提出质疑考虑美国国会中国企业寻求代投资市场带投资障碍色列正处关键位置提供吸引力投资环境作美国欧盟目标行业代选择色列美国作专业高科技创新高技劳动力种投资商业激励目审视美国欧盟中国投资模式反应解色列利位吸引中国海外外国直接投资
历史中华民国没认成熟全球投资者种法正迅速改变便前事务漫心观察者中国20年增长数令惊叹中国已成全球第五外型投资者中国已成动态外直接投资参者中国世纪初20亿美元投资2010年600亿美元2010年2020年期间中国外直接投资总额预计达12万亿美元
中国外直接投资增长背原中央政府导定期市场竞争特征投资促进努力结合20世纪90年代OFDI国企业领导通走出创造全球冠军等特殊投资促进政策少数家公司中央委员会命走出
作国际品牌国际市场中国济政策时起已显著发展种源统计数表明天投资模式商业动机非政府政策驱动认中国政府正采取越越放手方式称放政策种延伸相反扩海外商业利益支持前未种政府支持原仅仅中国开放战略部分拥抱市场济更具体说中国外直接投资视实现外汇储备盈余宏观济衡手段外国家方级努力促进海外投资认识成熟资金雄厚公司扩张发展程中需提升价值链
总体言中国年幅简化投资监框架政策制定者消时繁琐政府规定方面发挥着重作企业国外取成功例外汇关新补贴极帮助中国企业投资机会直2005年前理汇率外汇收入求兑换成民币抑制中国市场阻止更然投资步伐低息贷款补贴增加促进中国外直接投资发展
2012年10月美国众议院情报委员会发表项研究效阻止中国电信公司美国开展业务年里量中国巨额跨境交易美国监机构手中失败济学技术民族义中美国高科技基础设施交易已成公众辩话题甚美国政府机构出版物中语言充斥着指责语侵略产义操中国回应非动转指责美国妖魔化中国奉行公歧视性济政策美国十年中国投资模式系列抗议中新幕肯定会次美国历史直奉行相间断外直接投资开放政策中国崛起正挑战种识然考虑美国济相疲弱状况巨利益
通外国直接投资美国国会提出样警告似太合适美国中国投资担忧加剧根源济国家安全首先担心果中国济出现衰退中国企业会完全部分撤出美国市场承诺破坏美国济稳定然考虑中国外直接投资2011年仅占美国FDI总额04种宏观济波动担忧似合理第二增加外国直接投资抵消美国减少巨额贸易逆差努力美国贸易逆差仅420亿美元中300亿美元中国衡造成中国外国直接投资提高海外资产回报率样影响贸易衡中国进入更高盈余状态美国陷入更深赤字第三美国投资资产达成熟期时业务转移中国感担忧美国说消息美国作投资目部分吸引力高超力资技术太出现搬迁情况担心中国商业实践错误中国资义说法律说强朋友法律解释担心美国土类似商业文化会法律外发展假定样种情形会削弱美国济功健康整体方面合逻辑系统尝试中国资义强加美国极
政府实体国企业投资美国引起强烈民族义情绪国企业认进行投资时心实体常常担心庞规模透明部产委员会量现金商业市场动机运作然美国政策制定者开始疯狂谩骂前先简单更新统计数首先非中国投资国家关中国投资者分四类权财富基金国企业混合国企业独资企业2000年2011年中国外国直接投资74私营企业创造着中国企业寻找运营台新技术品牌知名度投资中部分显然利润驱动全球范围复杂程度智购买代表中国产官员政治指示然说美国担忧完全没根美国数交易私营企业完成国企资总额中占例超半占美国半部分资流入然资源重工业投资私公司独立进行扩张甚政府阻止交易家市公司直接间接融资中占例相情况少见外中国领导层通监控制资控制国企业私企业进行间接控制
日欧洲等贸易伙伴中国美国政治军事盟友中国军队正着明确方发展作伊朗鲜巴基斯坦等流氓政权敏感技术扩散者名声素导致接受中国外国直接投资国家安全风险担忧问题控制战略资产控制关键国防投入生产流氓国家转敏感技术技术事间谍活动破坏黑客活动
外中国企业美国国家安全利益忠诚度低国企业应风险
美国审查外国公司通美国外国直接投资委员会(CFIUS)国家进行投资
然中国美国部分交易实际获批准通投资政治化中国进行负责指控选择利益集团中美关系构成阻碍正2005年中海油优尼科事件中样恐华声音政策制定者美国民意调查产生重影响
产义社会义美国公众中然认禁忌中国进行实质性商业显美国化民没美国政治忠诚见证中国崛起超级国说害怕中国中国存似然事情情绪民族义情绪效辩中应该谨慎行事安全问题会错误应目前没真正威胁情况简单度反应担忧会引发初预期更问题
相欧洲正拥抱中国FDI总说欧盟国家增加中国投资反应支持欢迎数欧盟成员国试图通提供指导援助服务展示欧洲吸引力增加中国外直接投资欧洲积极支持吸引留住中国投资者动机简单资金中国投资激增弥补传统源减少资金流通陷入困境企业提供新资增加竞争消费者福利扩进入世界增长快市场机会重新点燃济增长步伐中国流入欧洲外国直接投资令震惊直2008年年流入总额10亿美元2011年底达100亿美元出现强劲升趋势2010年中国外直接投资(OFDI)占欧盟总股十分欧洲政策制定者意识中国金融火力正积极寻求更程度中国投资11年中国欧洲直接投资相北京周增加外汇储备
面济国家安全考虑欧盟直中国资开放潜处视超风险美国样数收购商业动机驱动私公司进行点2008年金融危机期间尤明显时中国企业加强识收购境况佳欧洲公司步伐德国企业)反应没激起民族义恐惧促欧盟成员国努力规范外国直接投资政策做法美国目前没机构专门国家安全目筛选外国投资安全问题确实存没迹象表明中国投资正损害欧洲国家安全
国际商业特立独行扫罗·艾森伯格逃离纳粹德国日1930年代末普遍认第中国色列间贸易联系前SinoIsrael关系奠定基础建立正式双边关系两国1992年
时起两国外交关系保持良发展势头保持稳定增长势头投资研发活动世纪初开始激增直呈升趋势2004年华色列建立研发中心该公司美国阻止电信投资公司三华2010年色列太阳公司投资标志着家中国民营企业色列首次外国直接投资2011年中国化工收购色列化学品公司联想投资色列独特初创企业跨境协议中国色列增加投资坚实基础
进行投资基础设施融资天然气中国会资助特拉维夫南部城市埃拉特铁路中国海洋石油总公司(CNOOC)正寻求投资色列利维坦气田外色列首席科学家办公室营着两项工业研发合作项目(MATIMOP)促进中国色列间合作技术创新
然度视吸引力市场中国投资色列军事基础设施国土安全(HLS)产品2001年美国政府阻止中国军方出售色列福尔康(Phalcon)飞机2005年没收美国国家安全威胁理色列哈派(机)色列放弃美国结盟潜利图贸易关系制定中国出售武器政策项政策直天然效中国hls相关销售禁止潜国家安全风险降低然没公开数证实中军事关系正深化2010年双方军事官员间高层会晤幅增加
未日子里色列应该开始中国出口国防产品相关行业建立强力工作关系投资政策未合作关重色列位中国合作条件外国直接投资流入保证会夜间幅增加考虑色列面风险时区突总会潜投资者感安中国伊朗交道程中外交层面紧张局势然没解决断升温中关系总欧洲样色列必须采取更积极措施确保外国直接投资流入传统放手投资推广方式已时应该支持现52投资促进机构中包括专门吸引设立员充足资金充足机构外国直接投资中国陆国家政治商业领袖应该亲接触中国企业机构投资者什行业吸引中国投资者会议讲班应中国政府举办中国促进贸易投资举办样色列应该采取协调致官方努力缩短中西方实践心理距离包括文化差异语言力理实践通规章制度加强跨文化解彼业务规范指导商业联系项目发展中国公司持久发展关系关重
外国直接投资直推动色列现代济增长关键素前投资带处包括注入新资创造业机会实现股东价值化开放外国市场获作安全利图投资国家合法性色列外国直接投资太重美国中国投资者方式中没精心策划政治操疑虑色列必须证明中国代源灌溉通讯医疗器械等领域较优势加雄厚资源色列必须展示效投资激励措施包括赠款税收优惠技术孵化器项目市场营销培训援助展示色列强法律体系知识产权先进金融基础设施样重
着进入中国国新时代色列必须采取利中国模式吸引投资中国外直接投资会增长迹象表明2012年11月台北京新领导层换届期间政府政策继续加OFDI支持力度色列促进贸易便利化做努力越中国令印象深刻市场开门鉴中国财富应该更加重视吸引中国投资者色列中国企业吸引色列投资环境相中国投资者言尚未开发色列说明智缘政治定位色列必须时采取行动抓住机会窗口美国区开成欢迎容易投资方
外文原文
A Window of Opportunity for IsraelAttracting Chinese Overseas
Foreign Direct Investment
Aurora Carlson specializes in Chinese current affairs She holds an MA from Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS) in Washington DC and a BA in Mandarin Chinese from the University of Wisconsin (Madison)Ms Carlson currently works at a venture capital firm in Tel Aviv
Over the past decade Chinese overseas foreign direct investment (OFDI) has risen dramatically around the world prompting a range of policy responses by other governments ranging from outright opposition to carteblanche approval The United States has taken a more conservative tack imposing difficult regulations and blocking deals on the grounds of national security interests However a close analysis of the makeup and sectoral trends of Chinese investment call into question the logic and legitimacy of US misgivings Given the investment disincentives posed by the US Congress and Chinese firms’ search for alternate investment markets Israel is in a key position to offer an attractive investment environment as an alternative to the US and the EU in targeted industries Israel parallels the US as an OFDI destination for its specialized hightech innovation highly skilled workforce and variety of investment and business incentives Examining the US and EU responses to Chinese investment patterns provides insight into how Israel might best leverage its position to attract Chinese overseas foreign direct investment
Historically the People’s Republic of China has not been considered a sophisticated global investor but that perception is quickly changing Even to the casual observer of current affairs China’s growth figures over the past two decades have been aweinspiring Today ranked as the world’s fifth largest outward investor China has turned itself into a dynamic OFDI player China went from investing just 2 billion in the early 2000s to more than 60 billion in 2010 Total Chinese OFDI between 2010 and 2020 is estimated to reach 1–2 trillion
The reasons behind Chinese OFDI growth are a combination of regular market competition features and investment promotion efforts led by the central government In the 1990s OFDI was led by stateowned enterprises (SOEs) through special investment promotion policies such as going out and creatingGlobal ChampionsA handful of companies was appointed by a central committee to go out into the world marketplace to compete as international brands China’s economic policies have evolved significantly since then statistical evidence from various sources demonstrates that today’s investment patterns are driven overwhelmingly by commercial motives rather than government policiesThe Chinese government is seen to be taking an increasingly handsoff approach but it would be a stretch to call it laissezfaire On the contrary there is unprecedented support for expanding commercial interests overseas The reason for such government support is simply part of China’s opening up strategy of embracing liberal market economics More specifically China sees OFDI as a means for macroeconomic rebalancing of its foreign reserves surplus Moreover there are efforts on the national and subnational levels to promote overseas investment in recognition of the fact that mature and cashstrong firms need to move up the value chain as they expand and evolve
On the whole China has greatly simplified its investment regulatory framework in recent years Policymakers play an important role in removing outdated and cumbersome government regulations so firms can maximize their successes abroad For example new allowances related to foreign exchange have greatly assisted in opening up investment opportunities for Chinese firms Until the mid2000s all foreign exchange earned was required to be converted into renminbi China’s national currency in order to manage its exchange rate This repressed the Chinese market preventing it from following a more natural pace of investment The increased issuance of lowinterest loans and subsidies has also facilitated Chinese OFDI
In October 2012 the Intelligence Committee of the US House of Representatives published a study that effectively blocked China’s major telecom firms from doing business in the USOver the past few years a number of large crossborder deals from China running in the billions of dollars failed at the hands of US regulators In what The Economist dubs technonationalism hightech infrastructure deals in the US have become the stuff of public debateEven the language used in US government agency publications is rife with accusatory terms such as aggressive Communist and manipulationThe Chinese response has not been passive in turn accusing the US of demonizing China and pursuing an unfair discriminatory economic policyThis scenario is just the latest in the series of decadeslong US protestations over Chinese investment patterns and it will certainly not be the last While the US has historically pursued relatively uninterrupted policies of openness toward FDI China’s rise is challenging this consensus However given the relatively weakened state of the US economy and the great benefits by FDI it seems incongruous for the US Congress to raise such alarmThe origins of heightened US concern over Chinese investment lie in economic and national security First there is a fear that if the Chinese economy faltersChinese firms might pull out entirely or partially from their commitments in the US market destabilizing areas of the US economyHowever considering the fact that Chinese OFDI made up only 04 percent of total FDI stock in the US in 2011 such macroeconomic volatility fears do not seem justifiedSecond increased FDI could counter US efforts to reduce its heavy trade deficit The US trade deficit stands at just over 42 billion of which nearly 30 billion is attributed to its imbalance with ChinaJust as Chinese FDI boosts returns on overseas assets so does it affect the balance of trade placing China into a higher surplus and the US into a deeper deficit Third when an invested US asset reaches maturity concerns arise over the possible relocation of its operations to China In good news for the US much of America’s lure as an investment destination lies in its highly skilled human capital and knowhow thus making a relocation scenario unlikely Finally some worry surrounds Chinese business practice or malpractice As Chinese capitalism depends less on law than on the interpretation of law by one’s powerful friends there are fears that a similar culture of doing business beyond the law could develop on American soil While it is logical to assume that such a scenario would weaken an integral aspect of a functional and healthy US economy it is highly unlikely that there are systematic attempts to impose this aspect of Chinese capitalism on America
Investments made by government entities and SOEs strike deep nationalistic chords in the US The SOEs are seen as entities that could be driven by ulterior motives in making investments They are often feared for their sheer size nontransparency internal Communist Party committees and for having huge amounts of cash and not operating according to commercial market motivations However American policymakers would do well to look at some simple and updated statistics before launching into frenzied diatribes First of all not all Chinese investment is linked to the state There are four categories of Chinese investors sovereign wealth funds stateowned companies hybrid stateprivate companies and whollyprivate companies From 2000 to 2011 74 percent of FDI inflow from China was generated by private firms The majority of these investments are clearly profit driven as Chinese firms look for operating platforms new technology and brand name recognition The level of sophistication and smart buys being seen across sectors around the globe is not indicative of politically driven directives by party officials in Beijing
However this is not to suggest that US worries are entirely unfounded While the majority of deals in the US were made by private companies SOEs lead in the total amount of capital invested accounting for more than half of all Chinese OFDI to the US Most of this capital flowed into natural resource and heavy industry investments And though private companies pursue expansion independently even having deals blocked by their own governments it is not uncommon for a publicly traded company to exist with a significant proportion of its equity funded either directly or indirectly by the government In addition Chinese leadership holds indirect control over SOEs and private firms via regulatory control and capital controls
China is not a political or military ally of the US unlike other major trading partners such as Japan and European countries China’s military is modernizing in an unclear direction and has a reputation as a major proliferator of sensitive technologies to rogue regimes such as Iran North Korea and PakistanThese factors are cause for apprehension over the national security risks in accepting Chinese FDI The main concerns are in the areas of control of strategic assets control over the production of critical defense inputs the transfer of sensitive technology or knowhow to rogue states espionage and sabotage or hacking
Furthermore Chinese firms are likely to be less loyal to the national security interests of the US than domestic firms To address these risks the US reviews all proposed investments by
foreign firms from all countries through the Committee on Foreign Direct Investment in the United States (CFIUS)
While most of China’s deals in the US are actually given the stamp of approval select interest groups are putting a damper on Sino–US ties by politicizing investment and making irresponsible claims against China As seen during the failed CNOOC–Unocal affair in 2005 these Sinophobic voices have made a significant impact in influencing both policymakers and US opinion polls
Communism and socialism are still largely considered taboo among the American public making it seem somehow unAmerican to engage in substantial business dealings with China which is undemocratic and absent of US political loyalties For a superpower standing witness to the sensational rise of China it seems almost natural to fear a greater Chinese presence in the homeland While the emotional nationalistic outpouring may be valid caution should be taken to reign in the debate as security concerns can be misapplied in situations that present no real threat because of simple overreaction or worrying potentially causing greater problems than initially forecast
By contrast Europe is embracing Chinese FDI On the whole the response by European Union (EU) countries to increased Chinese investment has been supportive and welcoming To reveal the degree of Iran has blocked more incoming investment from China than has Germany3Most EU member countries seek to increase Chinese OFDI by showcasing Europe’s attractive qualities by providing guidance and assistance services The motive behind Europe’s proactive support to attract and keep Chinese investors is simple cash Surging investment from China has the potential to make up for diminished flows from traditional sources reignite growth by providing fresh capital to troubled firms increase competition and consumer welfare and expand access to one of the biggest and fastestgrowing markets in the world The pace of Chinese FDI inflow into Europe has been staggering Until 2008 annual inflows totaled less than 1 billion but reached 10 billion by the end of 2011 Despite this strong upward trend Chinese OFDI stock stood at less than onetenth of the EU’s total in 2010European policymakers are aware that China has a lot more financial firepower than it is using and thus are actively seeking a greater level ofChinese investment The past eleven years of Chinese FDI in Europe is equivalent to Beijing’s weekly increase of foreign exchange reserves
The EU has been open to Chinese capital in the face of economic and national security considerations because the potential benefits are seen to exceed the risks38 As with the US the majority of acquisitions are being made by whollyprivate firms driven by commercial motivations This was especially apparent during the 2008 financial crisis when Chinese firms stepped up to identify and acquire ailing European firms (ie Germany’s Mittelstand) Rather than sparking nationalistic fear the response has brought about efforts to standardize FDI policy and practice among EU member states Unlike in the US there is not yet a body established solely for the screening of foreign investments for national security purposes While security concerns do exist there is no indication that Chinese investment is damaging European national security today
International business maverick Shaul Eisenberg who fled Nazi Germany for Japan at the end of the 1930s is widely credited with having initiated the first trade links between the PRC and Israel and for having laid the foundations for Sino–Israel relations well before formal bilateral ties were established between the two countries in 1992
Since that time diplomatic relations have remained quite strong and have enjoyed steady growth Investment and R&D activity began to spike in the early 2000s and have been on the rise ever since In 2004 Huawei (the same company the US recently blocked from making telecom investments) established an R&D center in Israel Sanhua’s 2010 investment in Israeli solar company Heliofocus marked the first foreign direct investment in Israel by a private Chinese company In 2011 ChemChina bought Israeli chemicals company Makhteshim Agan Most recently Lenovo invested in Israel’s unique startup industry This handful of crossborder agreements marks strong foundations for increased Chinese investment in Israel
Upcoming investments will likely be in infrastructure financing and natural gas China may be slated to finance a railway from Tel Aviv to the southern city of Eilatand China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC) is looking to invest in Israel’s Leviathan gas fieldIn addition the Office of Israel’s Chief Scientist runs two industrial R&D cooperation programs (MATIMOP) to foster collaborative technological innovation between China and Israel
Though at one time seen as attractive markets China does not invest in Israel’s military infrastructure or homeland security (HLS) products The US government blocked the sale of Israeli Phalcon aircraft to the Chinese military in 2001 and in 2005 confiscated Israeli Harpies (unmanned aerial vehicles [UAVs]) destined for China both times on the grounds of US national security threats Foregoing this potentially lucrative trade relationship to honor its alliance with the US Israel instituted a policy of no weapons sales to China This policy remains in place until today Since HLSrelated sales to China are prohibited potential national security risks are also reduced While there are no public data to confirm speculations that Sino–Israel military ties are deepening highlevel meetings between military officials from both sides have increased dramatically since 2010
Should Israel commence defense exports to China at a future date establishing strong working relationships and investment policies in unrelated industries today will be crucial for future cooperation
Though Israel is wellpositioned and on cooperative terms with China FDI inflows are not guaranteed to increase dramatically overnight Regional conflict invariably clouds the minds of potential investors in considering the risk involved in Israel tensions on a diplomatic level remain insecure over China’s dealings with Iran and a warming Sino–Israel relationship is not always viewed favorably in the
US Like Europe Israel must also take a more proactive approach to ensure FDI inflow
The traditional hands off’ investment approach to investment promotion is outdated Existing investment promotion agencies should be bolstered to include wellstaffed and wellfunded bureaus dedicated specifically to attracting FDI from mainland China National political and business leaders should personally reach out to China’s largest firms and institutional investors regardless of sector Conferences and workshops to attract Chinese investors should be held in conjunction with the government much like those hosted by China to promote trade and investment Israel should make a concerted official effort to shorten thepsychic distance between Chinese and Western practice which includes cultural differences language abilities and different managerial practices Mentoring and business linkage programs in working through regulations and enhancing crosscultural understanding of one another’s business norms are paramount for developing lasting and growing relationships with Chinese firms
FDI has been a crucial factor in boosting Israel’s modern economic growthBenefits brought about by previous investments include the injection of new capital employment generation maximization of shareholder value the opening of foreign markets and the gaining of legitimacy as a safe and profitablecountry for investment FDI in Israel is simply too important to be forfeited because of uncalculated political maneuverings or misgivings of dubious foundation as seen in the American approach toward Chinese investors Israel must demonstrate to China its comparative advantage in the fields of alternative energy irrigation communications and medical devices combined with its deep endowment of human talent Israel must also showcase its effective investment incentives including grants tax incentives technological incubator programs and marketing and training assistance Finally showcasing Israel’s strong legal system intellectual property rights and advanced financial infrastructure is equally important
As we enter a new global age in which China is a major player Israel must adopt a Chinafriendly model for attracting investment Chinese OFDI is only going to grow there are good indications that government policies will continue to increase support for OFDI during the term of Beijing’s new leadership that came to power in November 2012 The more Israel does to facilitate ease of trade the more China is likely to open the doors to its impressive marketGreater emphasis should be placed on drawing Chinese investors to Israel given the wealth of Chinese firms and the attractive Israeli investment landscape relatively untapped by Chinese investors and as smart geopolitical positioning for Israel Israel must act in a timely manner seizing this window of opportunity to distinguish itself from the US as a welcoming and easy place to invest
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