附录1：
英文原文
SHEARERS
INTRODUCTION
Longwall mining in the United States is finally beginning to carve out a significant percentage of underground mining tonnage Although longwall installations are continuing throughout the country –at last count in eleven states—the concentration is in the Eastern coal fields with West Virginia leading all states
As a result of increased experience with longwall installations under different condition certain improvements are being made For instance roof support shields are being utilized to a greater extent and ruggedness is being stressed in all areas Modifications are being considered in order to use the longwall in other types of seams and seam conditions Evidently longwall users like the results that they have been getting because they have been installing more systems Since longwall mining is obviously going to play a much larger role in the coal mining industry in the future there is a great need for a comprehensive book that presents systematically every major subject in longwall mining
More than a decade of modern longwall mining in the United States has demonstrated that it is inherently safe and complies easily with current laws It is also highly productive provided it is properly designed and operated However the growth of longwall mining though steady has been slow One of the reasons for this is the lack of a comprehensive technical background literature for training purposes This book attempts to fill such a gap
For the first time anyone who would like to learn more about longwall mining can find all of the major topics in one book Thus this book is a milestone in the development of longwall mining
SHEARERS
Longwall equipment consists of three major components the hydraulically powered roof support the chain conveyor and the coalcutting machine
The two different types of coalcutting equipment used in coal mines are shearers and plows
Plows are used in low seams 42in or less The unit consists of steel construction equipped with carbontipped bits This passive steel unit is engaged to a guiding system on the face conveyor An endless round link chain powered by synchronized electric drives on each end of the face conveyor pulls the plow body at speeds between 120 and 420 ftmin along the face
For the cutting process the plow has to be forced against the coal face This is done by hydraulic cylinder attached to the gob side of the face conveyor and to the base of the supports or by a separate hydraulic prop Forces of between 1and 3 tons are applied per cylinder
A plow drive is attached to each drive frame of the face conveyor Only 30 to 60 of the drive power supplied to the plow is used for cutting and loading of coal the remainder is lost in friction This means that the power loss is considerably higher than that of a shearer which uses 75 to 85 of its power for the removal of the coal As a result rather large drives are required at the face ends
Although there are many models the shearer has several common basic components A doubleended rangingdrum shearer (Fig 8 1) for example consists of four major components electric motors gearheads haulage unit (power pack) and cutting drums
The electric motor ranging from 300 to 1000 hp (223750kw)is the power source for the shearer It provides power to run the hydraulic pumps in the haulage unit and the gearheads for the cutting drum The large capacity shearers are generally equipped with two electric motors one of the haulage unit and one gearhead and the other for the other gearhead and other ancillary equipment The motors can be remotely controlled
There are two gearheads one on the leftand the other on the right hand side of the shearer Each gearhead consists of a gearhead gearbox and a ranging arm
The cutting drum is laced with spiral vanes on which the cutting bits are mounted Its diameter ranges from 34 to 72 in (086~183m) with rotational speeds from 30 to 105 rpm The trends are toward fewer but larger bits and slower drum speed for better cutting efficiency and less coal dust production The drums are also equipped with power cowls to increase the coal loading efficiency The power cowl is usually located behind the cutting drum For that reason it can be rotated a full 180°
The electric motor haulage unit and gearhead boxes combine to form the shearer’s body which is mounted on the underframe The underframe has four sliding shoes The faceside shoes are fitted and ride on the faceside top guide of the face conveyor pan and the other two gobside sliding shoes are fitted on a guide tube to prevent derailment The reaming speed of the shearer ranges from 19 to 46 ftmin(58140mmin)
In addition the shearer is equipped with auxiliary hydraulic pumps and control valves for operating the ranging arms and power cowls water spraying devices cable chain anchorage and tensioners and so on
TYPES OF MODERN SHEARERS
Since its first appearance in 1954 the shearer has undergone continuous changes both in capability and structure It is now the major cutting machine in longwall coal faces There are two types of shearers single and double drum In the earlier models the drum in the singledrum shearer is mounted on the shearer’s body and cannot be adjusted for height Therefore it is not suitable for areas where there are constant changes in seam thickness and floor undulation Thus the singleended fixeddrum shearer is used mostly for thin seams
In order to accommodate the changing of seam thickness and floor undulation the singledrum shearers with a ranging arm are used The ranging arm can be raised up and down by hydraulic control devices But when the seam exceeds a certain thickness the shearer cannot cut the entire seam height in one cut and a return cutting trip is necessary to complete a full web cut Furthermore since the drum is located on the headentry side it generally requires a niche in the tail entry side A niche is precut face end one web deep and a shearer’s length long With a niche at the face end the shearer can turn around
Nowadays the double rangingdrum shearers are used predominantly The shearer cuts the whole seam height in one trip The two drums can be positioned to any required height (within the designed range) during cutting and lowered well below the floor level The arrangement of the drums enables the whole seam to be cut in either direction of travel thereby ensuring rapid face advance and shortening roof exposure time There are various types of double rangingdrum shearers Based on the location of the drums there are two types one with one drum mounted on each side of the shearer’s body and the other with both drums mounted on one side of the machine The former type is the most widely used Its advantage is that with one drum on each side of the shearer it can sump in either direction During the cutting trip the leading drum cuts the upper 70 of the seam height while the rear drum cuts the lower 30 and cleans up the broken coal on the floor The two drums are approximately 2333 ft (710m) apart When the shearer is traveling in the opposite direction to that of the face conveyor the coal cut by the leading drum has to pass under the shearer’s body which increases the moving resistance of the shearer and the face conveyor and could cause a crowding condition If the broken coal is too large it may block the shearer and stop the operation In general when the shearer and face conveyor are traveling in the opposite directions approximately 70 of the coal taken by the leading drum will pass under the shearer But when they are traveling in the same direction the coal taken down by the rear drum together with the float coal from the floor constitute the approximately 30 of the coal that has to pass under the shearer The former case consumes 25 more power than the latter As compared to the single ended shearer the underframe of the doubleended shearer is higher thereby ensuring a sufficient cross section for coal passage
Based on the method of adjusting the height of the cutting drum there are also two types of shearers rangingarm shearer and gearhead shearer The former one is commonly used whereas the latter one is a recent development The advantage of the gearhead shearer(Fig 82)is that the haulage unit is located at the center of the shearer’s body and mounted on the underframe On both sides of the haulage unit there is a gearhead Each gearhead contains an electric motor and a speedreduction unit The gearhead is raised and lowered by a hydraulic ram The adjustable range of cutting height can reach up to 46 ft
In selecting the shearer mining height should first be considered that is the diameter of the cutting drum body height length of the ranging arm and swing angle must be properly selected For the doubleended rangingdrum shearer the maximum mining height cannot exceed twice the diameter of the cutting drum The mining height can be determined by (Fig83)
HHbB2+Lsinα+D2 81
Where Hseam thickness or mining height
Hbshearer’s body height
Bbody depth
Llength of the ranging arm
αthe angle between the ranging arm and the horizontal line when the ranging arm is raised to its maximum height
Ddiameter of the cutting drum
For example for the Eichhoff EDW170 L double rangingdrum shearer Hb43 ft L390 ft α52°and D53 ft Its maximum cutting height is H92 ft
CHAIN HAULAGE
There are two types of shearer haulage chain and chainless Haulage of shearers was initially by means of short flexible steel ropes This method of hauling power loading machines was short lived and was replaced by fullface length flexible steel ropes of a small diameter multicore construction The replacement of the flexible steel rope with haulage chain in the 1960’s quickly found favour and initially a considerable improvement was apparent in both safety and efficiency The haulage chain is a round link chain extended along the whole face and fixed on both ends at the head and tail drives of the face chain conveyor respectively The chain also passes through the driving and deflecting (or guiding) sprockets in the haulage unit of the shearer As the driving sprocket rotates its teeth trap to the matching chain links and move along the nonmoving haulage chain thereby pulling the shearer along(Fig84) When the driving sprocket rotates counterclockwise the shearer moves to the right Conversely the shearer moves to the left The part of the chain in front of the moving shearer is generally tight or on the tensioned side whereas the other side behind the moving shearer is slack or on the slack side
中文译文
采煤机
介绍
美国长壁工作面采煤正开始开采采煤吨位重百分然长壁工作面安装正国家处持续——十州计算——集中东部煤田中领先州维吉尼亚西部
作通情况安装长壁工作面增加验结果特殊成果正出现举例说支架正利更广泛程度区域中强调坚固正考虑改进便类型煤层煤况长壁工作面明显长壁工作面者喜欢直结果直安装更系统未采矿业长壁工作面采煤显然扮演非常重角色强烈需全面系统阐述采矿重题书籍
美国十年实践证实长壁工作面采煤质安全较容易遵守现行法律假适设计操作高产然长壁工作面采煤增长然稳缓慢中原实践目全面技术背景著作缺乏书尝试填补空白
第次想更解关长壁工作面采煤够书中找重题书长壁工作面采煤发展史里程碑
滚筒式采煤机
长壁工作面设备包含三部分：液压支架刮板运输机破碎机
煤矿两种类型切煤设备滚筒式采煤机刨煤机
刨煤机低煤层42英寸者更少物体渗碳刀尖装备齿轮组织组成钝化齿轮单位工作面输送机指挥系统相连位工作面输送机两端步电机驱动级圆环链牵引刨体分120420英尺速度工作面移动
切割进程刨煤机必须强迫抗煤层表面液压油缸工作面运输机采空区支持底部者独立液压支柱油缸13吨抗力
运行中刨煤机工作面运输机运行框架运行力3060提供刨煤机切割引导煤剩余部分摩擦中消耗意思说动力消耗认高7585力煤切割滚筒式采煤机结果工作面机尾需相运行力
然许类型滚筒式采煤机种常见基部分举例说台双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机（图81）四部分组成：电动马达机头牵引部分（电动机）截割部
电动马达范围3001000马力（223750千瓦）滚筒式采煤机电源提供动力运行牵引部分液压泵截割部机头功率滚筒式采煤机通常装备两电动马达：牵引部分机头机头辅助设备马达远程控制
两机头滚筒式采煤机左边右边机头机头减速器摇臂组成
截割部装备切割刀尖位置螺旋叶片相连直径范围3472英寸（086～183米）旋转速度30105转分趋势更少更刀尖较慢滚筒速度获更切割效率更少煤灰尘产物滚筒装备挡煤板便提高落煤效率挡煤板常位截割部旋转180°
电动马达牵引部分机头箱联合形成装机架滚筒式采煤机体机架四滑轮表面滑轮安装工作面运输机导架表面外两滑轮安装导便避免脱轨滚筒式采煤机速度范围1946英尺分（58140米分）
外滚筒式采煤机装备辅助液压泵控制阀便操作摇臂电力装置喷雾装置粗索锚固涨紧装置等等
先进滚筒式采煤机类型
1954年次出现滚筒式采煤机力结构方面持续发生变化长壁工作面采煤中切割机器两种类型滚筒式采煤机单滚筒双滚筒较早类型中单滚筒式采煤机中滚筒装滚筒式采煤机体部位调节高度煤层厚度面起伏断改变区适应单滚筒式采煤机薄煤层
适应煤层厚度面起伏断变化带摇臂单滚筒式采煤机投入摇臂液压控制装置控制升高降低煤层超特定厚度时滚筒式采煤机次切割中切割整煤层高度需回返切割完成完整截深切割外滚筒位机头边通常需尾部入口处缺口缺口工作面尾部规格切割截深深度滚筒式采煤机长度工作面尾部缺口采煤机够回转
现双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机广泛种采煤机程中次全采高两滚筒切割程中调需高度（设计范围）面降低样布置滚筒采煤机意牵引方次全采高确保工作面快速推进减少顶板暴露时间种类型双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机根滚筒位置分两种类型：种采煤机体边装滚筒种两滚筒装机器边前种类型广泛优点采煤机边滚筒意方切割切割程中面滚筒切割较低30清扫面废煤时领头滚筒切割煤层高度方70两滚筒约分2333英尺（710米）采煤机工作面输送机逆运行时前滚筒截割煤必须通机身面（运出）势必加采煤机输送机运行阻力造成堵机果废煤太阻塞采煤机停止操作体采煤机工作面输送机逆运行时领头滚筒获约70煤会采煤机通运行时面滚筒面煤尘起构成约30煤必须采煤机通前种情形种情形消耗25量相较单滚筒式采煤机双滚筒式采煤机底托架更高藉煤通道确定充份交叉部分
基调整截割部高度方法两种类型采煤机：摇臂采煤机机头采煤机前者普遍然者发展机头采煤机优点（图82）牵引部分位采煤机体中心装底托架牵引部分两边机头机头包括电动马达减速器机头液压装置控制升高降低切割高度调整范围达46英尺
选择采煤机时采煤高度应首先考虑素滚筒直径体高度摇臂长度摇摆角度必须选择适双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机采煤高度超滚筒直径两倍采煤高度通（图83）决定
HHbB2+Lsinα+D2 81
中 H煤层厚度者采煤高度
Hb采煤机体高度
B体深度
L摇臂长度
α摇臂升高高度时摇臂水线间角度
D滚筒直径
举例说EDW170L双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机Hb43英尺 L390英尺 α52°D53英尺截割高度H92英尺
链牵引
两种类型采煤机牵引：链链采煤机牵引初短柔韧粗钢绳种牵引动力带动机器方式存短时间直径核心结构全工作面长度柔韧粗钢绳取代牵引链取代柔韧粗钢绳发生20世纪60年代快发现相初安全效率方面出现明显进步牵引链圆形链延伸整工作面安装头部尾部两边分驱动工作面链输送机链通采煤机牵引部驱动转（者引导）链轮驱动链轮转动时轮齿圆环链啮合着静止牵引链运动牵引采煤机前运动驱动链轮逆时针方转动时采煤机右移动反采煤机左移动运行中采煤机前方部分链通常紧者接紧张运行中采煤机面松弛接松弛
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英文原文
SHEARERS
INTRODUCTION
Longwall mining in the United States is finally beginning to carve out a significant percentage of underground mining tonnage Although longwall installations are continuing throughout the country –at last count in eleven states—the concentration is in the Eastern coal fields with West Virginia leading all states
As a result of increased experience with longwall installations under different condition certain improvements are being made For instance roof support shields are being utilized to a greater extent and ruggedness is being stressed in all areas Modifications are being considered in order to use the longwall in other types of seams and seam conditions Evidently longwall users like the results that they have been getting because they have been installing more systems Since longwall mining is obviously going to play a much larger role in the coal mining industry in the future there is a great need for a comprehensive book that presents systematically every major subject in longwall mining
More than a decade of modern longwall mining in the United States has demonstrated that it is inherently safe and complies easily with current laws It is also highly productive provided it is properly designed and operated However the growth of longwall mining though steady has been slow One of the reasons for this is the lack of a comprehensive technical background literature for training purposes This book attempts to fill such a gap
For the first time anyone who would like to learn more about longwall mining can find all of the major topics in one book Thus this book is a milestone in the development of longwall mining
SHEARERS
Longwall equipment consists of three major components the hydraulically powered roof support the chain conveyor and the coalcutting machine
The two different types of coalcutting equipment used in coal mines are shearers and plows
Plows are used in low seams 42in or less The unit consists of steel construction equipped with carbontipped bits This passive steel unit is engaged to a guiding system on the face conveyor An endless round link chain powered by synchronized electric drives on each end of the face conveyor pulls the plow body at speeds between 120 and 420 ftmin along the face
For the cutting process the plow has to be forced against the coal face This is done by hydraulic cylinder attached to the gob side of the face conveyor and to the base of the supports or by a separate hydraulic prop Forces of between 1and 3 tons are applied per cylinder
A plow drive is attached to each drive frame of the face conveyor Only 30 to 60 of the drive power supplied to the plow is used for cutting and loading of coal the remainder is lost in friction This means that the power loss is considerably higher than that of a shearer which uses 75 to 85 of its power for the removal of the coal As a result rather large drives are required at the face ends
Although there are many models the shearer has several common basic components A doubleended rangingdrum shearer (Fig 8 1) for example consists of four major components electric motors gearheads haulage unit (power pack) and cutting drums
The electric motor ranging from 300 to 1000 hp (223750kw)is the power source for the shearer It provides power to run the hydraulic pumps in the haulage unit and the gearheads for the cutting drum The large capacity shearers are generally equipped with two electric motors one of the haulage unit and one gearhead and the other for the other gearhead and other ancillary equipment The motors can be remotely controlled
There are two gearheads one on the leftand the other on the right hand side of the shearer Each gearhead consists of a gearhead gearbox and a ranging arm
The cutting drum is laced with spiral vanes on which the cutting bits are mounted Its diameter ranges from 34 to 72 in (086~183m) with rotational speeds from 30 to 105 rpm The trends are toward fewer but larger bits and slower drum speed for better cutting efficiency and less coal dust production The drums are also equipped with power cowls to increase the coal loading efficiency The power cowl is usually located behind the cutting drum For that reason it can be rotated a full 180°
The electric motor haulage unit and gearhead boxes combine to form the shearer’s body which is mounted on the underframe The underframe has four sliding shoes The faceside shoes are fitted and ride on the faceside top guide of the face conveyor pan and the other two gobside sliding shoes are fitted on a guide tube to prevent derailment The reaming speed of the shearer ranges from 19 to 46 ftmin(58140mmin)
In addition the shearer is equipped with auxiliary hydraulic pumps and control valves for operating the ranging arms and power cowls water spraying devices cable chain anchorage and tensioners and so on
TYPES OF MODERN SHEARERS
Since its first appearance in 1954 the shearer has undergone continuous changes both in capability and structure It is now the major cutting machine in longwall coal faces There are two types of shearers single and double drum In the earlier models the drum in the singledrum shearer is mounted on the shearer’s body and cannot be adjusted for height Therefore it is not suitable for areas where there are constant changes in seam thickness and floor undulation Thus the singleended fixeddrum shearer is used mostly for thin seams
In order to accommodate the changing of seam thickness and floor undulation the singledrum shearers with a ranging arm are used The ranging arm can be raised up and down by hydraulic control devices But when the seam exceeds a certain thickness the shearer cannot cut the entire seam height in one cut and a return cutting trip is necessary to complete a full web cut Furthermore since the drum is located on the headentry side it generally requires a niche in the tail entry side A niche is precut face end one web deep and a shearer’s length long With a niche at the face end the shearer can turn around
Nowadays the double rangingdrum shearers are used predominantly The shearer cuts the whole seam height in one trip The two drums can be positioned to any required height (within the designed range) during cutting and lowered well below the floor level The arrangement of the drums enables the whole seam to be cut in either direction of travel thereby ensuring rapid face advance and shortening roof exposure time There are various types of double rangingdrum shearers Based on the location of the drums there are two types one with one drum mounted on each side of the shearer’s body and the other with both drums mounted on one side of the machine The former type is the most widely used Its advantage is that with one drum on each side of the shearer it can sump in either direction During the cutting trip the leading drum cuts the upper 70 of the seam height while the rear drum cuts the lower 30 and cleans up the broken coal on the floor The two drums are approximately 2333 ft (710m) apart When the shearer is traveling in the opposite direction to that of the face conveyor the coal cut by the leading drum has to pass under the shearer’s body which increases the moving resistance of the shearer and the face conveyor and could cause a crowding condition If the broken coal is too large it may block the shearer and stop the operation In general when the shearer and face conveyor are traveling in the opposite directions approximately 70 of the coal taken by the leading drum will pass under the shearer But when they are traveling in the same direction the coal taken down by the rear drum together with the float coal from the floor constitute the approximately 30 of the coal that has to pass under the shearer The former case consumes 25 more power than the latter As compared to the single ended shearer the underframe of the doubleended shearer is higher thereby ensuring a sufficient cross section for coal passage
Based on the method of adjusting the height of the cutting drum there are also two types of shearers rangingarm shearer and gearhead shearer The former one is commonly used whereas the latter one is a recent development The advantage of the gearhead shearer(Fig 82)is that the haulage unit is located at the center of the shearer’s body and mounted on the underframe On both sides of the haulage unit there is a gearhead Each gearhead contains an electric motor and a speedreduction unit The gearhead is raised and lowered by a hydraulic ram The adjustable range of cutting height can reach up to 46 ft
In selecting the shearer mining height should first be considered that is the diameter of the cutting drum body height length of the ranging arm and swing angle must be properly selected For the doubleended rangingdrum shearer the maximum mining height cannot exceed twice the diameter of the cutting drum The mining height can be determined by (Fig83)
HHbB2+Lsinα+D2 81
Where Hseam thickness or mining height
Hbshearer’s body height
Bbody depth
Llength of the ranging arm
αthe angle between the ranging arm and the horizontal line when the ranging arm is raised to its maximum height
Ddiameter of the cutting drum
For example for the Eichhoff EDW170 L double rangingdrum shearer Hb43 ft L390 ft α52°and D53 ft Its maximum cutting height is H92 ft
CHAIN HAULAGE
There are two types of shearer haulage chain and chainless Haulage of shearers was initially by means of short flexible steel ropes This method of hauling power loading machines was short lived and was replaced by fullface length flexible steel ropes of a small diameter multicore construction The replacement of the flexible steel rope with haulage chain in the 1960’s quickly found favour and initially a considerable improvement was apparent in both safety and efficiency The haulage chain is a round link chain extended along the whole face and fixed on both ends at the head and tail drives of the face chain conveyor respectively The chain also passes through the driving and deflecting (or guiding) sprockets in the haulage unit of the shearer As the driving sprocket rotates its teeth trap to the matching chain links and move along the nonmoving haulage chain thereby pulling the shearer along(Fig84) When the driving sprocket rotates counterclockwise the shearer moves to the right Conversely the shearer moves to the left The part of the chain in front of the moving shearer is generally tight or on the tensioned side whereas the other side behind the moving shearer is slack or on the slack side
中文译文
采煤机
介绍
美国长壁工作面采煤正开始开采采煤吨位重百分然长壁工作面安装正国家处持续——十州计算——集中东部煤田中领先州维吉尼亚西部
作通情况安装长壁工作面增加验结果特殊成果正出现举例说支架正利更广泛程度区域中强调坚固正考虑改进便类型煤层煤况长壁工作面明显长壁工作面者喜欢直结果直安装更系统未采矿业长壁工作面采煤显然扮演非常重角色强烈需全面系统阐述采矿重题书籍
美国十年实践证实长壁工作面采煤质安全较容易遵守现行法律假适设计操作高产然长壁工作面采煤增长然稳缓慢中原实践目全面技术背景著作缺乏书尝试填补空白
第次想更解关长壁工作面采煤够书中找重题书长壁工作面采煤发展史里程碑
滚筒式采煤机
长壁工作面设备包含三部分：液压支架刮板运输机破碎机
煤矿两种类型切煤设备滚筒式采煤机刨煤机
刨煤机低煤层42英寸者更少物体渗碳刀尖装备齿轮组织组成钝化齿轮单位工作面输送机指挥系统相连位工作面输送机两端步电机驱动级圆环链牵引刨体分120420英尺速度工作面移动
切割进程刨煤机必须强迫抗煤层表面液压油缸工作面运输机采空区支持底部者独立液压支柱油缸13吨抗力
运行中刨煤机工作面运输机运行框架运行力3060提供刨煤机切割引导煤剩余部分摩擦中消耗意思说动力消耗认高7585力煤切割滚筒式采煤机结果工作面机尾需相运行力
然许类型滚筒式采煤机种常见基部分举例说台双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机（图81）四部分组成：电动马达机头牵引部分（电动机）截割部
电动马达范围3001000马力（223750千瓦）滚筒式采煤机电源提供动力运行牵引部分液压泵截割部机头功率滚筒式采煤机通常装备两电动马达：牵引部分机头机头辅助设备马达远程控制
两机头滚筒式采煤机左边右边机头机头减速器摇臂组成
截割部装备切割刀尖位置螺旋叶片相连直径范围3472英寸（086～183米）旋转速度30105转分趋势更少更刀尖较慢滚筒速度获更切割效率更少煤灰尘产物滚筒装备挡煤板便提高落煤效率挡煤板常位截割部旋转180°
电动马达牵引部分机头箱联合形成装机架滚筒式采煤机体机架四滑轮表面滑轮安装工作面运输机导架表面外两滑轮安装导便避免脱轨滚筒式采煤机速度范围1946英尺分（58140米分）
外滚筒式采煤机装备辅助液压泵控制阀便操作摇臂电力装置喷雾装置粗索锚固涨紧装置等等
先进滚筒式采煤机类型
1954年次出现滚筒式采煤机力结构方面持续发生变化长壁工作面采煤中切割机器两种类型滚筒式采煤机单滚筒双滚筒较早类型中单滚筒式采煤机中滚筒装滚筒式采煤机体部位调节高度煤层厚度面起伏断改变区适应单滚筒式采煤机薄煤层
适应煤层厚度面起伏断变化带摇臂单滚筒式采煤机投入摇臂液压控制装置控制升高降低煤层超特定厚度时滚筒式采煤机次切割中切割整煤层高度需回返切割完成完整截深切割外滚筒位机头边通常需尾部入口处缺口缺口工作面尾部规格切割截深深度滚筒式采煤机长度工作面尾部缺口采煤机够回转
现双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机广泛种采煤机程中次全采高两滚筒切割程中调需高度（设计范围）面降低样布置滚筒采煤机意牵引方次全采高确保工作面快速推进减少顶板暴露时间种类型双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机根滚筒位置分两种类型：种采煤机体边装滚筒种两滚筒装机器边前种类型广泛优点采煤机边滚筒意方切割切割程中面滚筒切割较低30清扫面废煤时领头滚筒切割煤层高度方70两滚筒约分2333英尺（710米）采煤机工作面输送机逆运行时前滚筒截割煤必须通机身面（运出）势必加采煤机输送机运行阻力造成堵机果废煤太阻塞采煤机停止操作体采煤机工作面输送机逆运行时领头滚筒获约70煤会采煤机通运行时面滚筒面煤尘起构成约30煤必须采煤机通前种情形种情形消耗25量相较单滚筒式采煤机双滚筒式采煤机底托架更高藉煤通道确定充份交叉部分
基调整截割部高度方法两种类型采煤机：摇臂采煤机机头采煤机前者普遍然者发展机头采煤机优点（图82）牵引部分位采煤机体中心装底托架牵引部分两边机头机头包括电动马达减速器机头液压装置控制升高降低切割高度调整范围达46英尺
选择采煤机时采煤高度应首先考虑素滚筒直径体高度摇臂长度摇摆角度必须选择适双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机采煤高度超滚筒直径两倍采煤高度通（图83）决定
HHbB2+Lsinα+D2 81
中 H煤层厚度者采煤高度
Hb采煤机体高度
B体深度
L摇臂长度
α摇臂升高高度时摇臂水线间角度
D滚筒直径
举例说EDW170L双滚筒调高摇臂采煤机Hb43英尺 L390英尺 α52°D53英尺截割高度H92英尺
链牵引
两种类型采煤机牵引：链链采煤机牵引初短柔韧粗钢绳种牵引动力带动机器方式存短时间直径核心结构全工作面长度柔韧粗钢绳取代牵引链取代柔韧粗钢绳发生20世纪60年代快发现相初安全效率方面出现明显进步牵引链圆形链延伸整工作面安装头部尾部两边分驱动工作面链输送机链通采煤机牵引部驱动转（者引导）链轮驱动链轮转动时轮齿圆环链啮合着静止牵引链运动牵引采煤机前运动驱动链轮逆时针方转动时采煤机右移动反采煤机左移动运行中采煤机前方部分链通常紧者接紧张运行中采煤机面松弛接松弛
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