初中英语知识纳总结（印版）
第课时 名 词
概述
1名词属性：表示事物名称抽象概念词名词
2名词分普通名词专名词普通名词表示某类事物某种物体抽象概念名称：teacher desks plates milk box等专名词表示某特定事物方团体派国家机关语言节日等专名称（运）：China Chinese Saturday June Green Beijing Olympic等（专名词第字母写）
二数名词数名词
1数名词指表示事物数计量名词单复数分：glassglasses book books
2数名词指表示事物数计量
：paper rice water milk tea等
3名词特定情况数变数名词
Light travels faster than sound (light：光线数)
The lights are on (light：灯数)
4数名词量表示
数名词般法数计算前面aan数词表示数量量助容器表示
：a glass of milk four glasses of milk
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
a bag of rice three bags of rice
三数名词复数形式（识记运）
1数名词应时单复数分单数变复数规变化规变化两种
规变化
情 况
变化形式
例词
般情况
加s
girls books
sxchsh结尾名词
加es
classes boxes watchesbrushes
辅音字母加y结尾名词
变yi 加es
citycities babybabies
ffe结尾名词
变ffev 加es
knifeknives leafleaves
O结尾名词
potatoes tomatoesphotos kilos bamboos radios
2少数名词规变化形式
policemanpolicemen manmen womanwomen
toothteeth footfeet sheepsheep deerdeer
Japanese Japanese Chinese Chinese fish fish
四名词格（运）
名词格表示关系形式构成变化
1单数名词变格需词尾加 ’ s
2复数名词词尾已s需加 ’
3复数名词词尾没 s 应加’ s
4果表示某物两第二面加’ s
：Da Mao and Xiao Mao’s room
果两面加 ’ s
：Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother
5名词格结构通常表示生命名词表示时间距离点等表示生命名词关系of表示
the windows of house the picture of the family
of 结构生命名词格
a friend of my sister’s a book of his
第二课时 冠 词（）
概述
冠词种虚词句子中重读身独立汉语中没词类学冠词时注意种加名词前帮助说明名词指事物词表示数量时数词区表示数量意义没one强学中注意区
二冠词定义
冠词置名词前说明名词表示事物种虚词离开名词单独存冠词两种：
种定冠词(the Definite Article)the
种定冠词(the Indefinite Article) a an
三定冠词法
a辅音音素起首单词前an元音音素起首单词前
1第次提某某物时aan起介绍作：
What is this It is a bus
Who is she She is a doctor
2表示泛指类物
A snake is a coldblood animal
A plane is a machine that can fly
3表示某类事物：
She is a teacher That is an apple
There is an elephant in the zoo
4某词组该词组缺少组成部分：
a long time a little a few
at a time have a try take a chance
5表示意思：
three times a day four yuan a dozen
6抽象名词前抽象名词具体化：
I am quite at a loss
The little child is a joy to his parents
7物质名词前物质名词普通化：
He drew out a tin of pineapple
They made a fire to get warm
注意：
1定冠词an元音（字母发音）起首名词元音起首词前定冠词a辅音起首名词辅音起首词前
2uh时单词中发元音时读作辅音发音：
I have been waiting for an hour
He is an honest young fellow
A hammer is a useful fool
3英语中字母f h l m n s x前头第音元音单独作缩略词第字母时应an：
There is an n in the word no
An MP means a member of parliament
第三课时 冠 词（二）
定冠词法
定冠词the this that these those等意思单数复数名词前特指事物区名事物
1指前文已提事物：
I wrote an article The article was about physics
2指说话知道事物：
Please close the door before you leave
Let’s go to the classroom
3名词定语修饰时须定冠词the表示特指意义：
The book on the desk is his
The teacher who talked with you is her mother
4世界独二事物前：
the sun the moon the earth the sky the world
5序数词前面表示序：
I live on the fourth floor
My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave
6词连构成固定词组：
on the left in the north in the front of
7表示乐器名称名词前定冠词：
the piano the violin
8形容词副词高级前面：
This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had
He is the tallest of us
9形容词前面表示复数意义某类事物：
the rich the poor the young the living
the new the right the true the beautiful
10表示江河山脉海湾海峡沙漠等专名词前加定冠词：
the Changjiang River the Nile
the Alps the Himalayas
11年代代时代名词前：
the Qin Dynasty the Ming Dynasty
in the 50’s the spring period
12表示姓氏名词复数形式连表示某姓氏家夫妇二：
the Lis the Martins
二冠词情况
1特殊情况外专名词抽象名词物质名词前加冠词：
Man is mortal
Miss Smith came in power at last
2名词前已this that my his any every some no those these等词修饰时格修饰时必加冠词：
She is my sister
This article you had written is very wonderful
3交通工具学科名称等名词前加冠词：
by plane by boat Chinese Physics
4节日假日星期月份季节等名词前加冠词：
National Day May Day
Autumn January
5日三餐体育类等名词前加冠词：
He prefers milk and egg for breakfast
He preferred to play football and I’d rather play tennis
6唯职务头衔名词前加冠词：
He is elected manager of our company
People elected him president of that country last year
7报纸标题图说明文章题目标志广告前加冠词：
Worker’s Mind
Notes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng
8固定词组中加冠词：
at home by mistake learn by heart
at first at last at once
by sea day and night
第四课时 代 词（）
概述
代词代名词名词短语词
代词分类：
称代词：表示词称代词
物代词：表示关系代词分形容词性物代词名词性物代词
反身代词：表示动作反射执行者身加强语气代词
指示代词：表示代名词代形容词词
定代词：表示指明代特定名词代词
疑问代词：表示代物含疑问语气代词
二称代词
称
数
格
第称
第二称
第三称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
格
I
we
you
you
he she it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him herit
them
称代词句中作语宾语表语
1格句中作语宾格句中作宾语
She gave these books to you and me
You must look after them
2列代词作语时I 放序
You he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing
三物代词
物代词包括形容词性物代词名词性物代词两种称数清变化形式
称
数
类
第称
第二称
第三称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his her its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his hersits
theirs
形容词性物代词作定语修饰名词：
my watch your books their names
名词性物代词句中单独作作语宾语表语面名词英语中说：位朋友a friend of mine
结构中常the 代物代词
He had a cold in the head（the意思his）
My mother took me by the arm （the意思her）
四反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词句中加强语气作宾语位语
He himself has finished it （作位语）
He has taught himself Russian for 5 years （作宾语）
I did it mysldf （加强语气）
某固定结构：by oneself fo oneself among themselves
They made the machine all by themselves
He cooked a meal for himself
第五课时 代 词（二）
指示代词
指示代词：this that these those
this these 表示指
that those表示远指
注意：电话语里面this代that代方：
who’s that This is Tom speaking
二定代词
英语中定代词：all each every both either neither one none little(a little) few(a few) many much other another some any nosome any no every构成代词
1）both all
both 指两者all指三者三者：
Both of us are right
All of you are good at playing basketball
all 组成固定短语 all day all this all the time等
2) either neither
either 指两者中……属部分否定neither两者中……属全部否定
Either of the books will do
Neither of the answers is right
either出现否定句子里neither进行句型转换：
Tom hasn’t been to America Jim hasn’t either
Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America
neither (nor) 表示……构成neither (nor) +助动词+语句式
Kate isn’t a worker neither is Meimei
3) little a little few a few
little a little修饰数名词 few a few修饰数名词
little few表示否定没
a little a few表示肯定相some any
There is a little milk in the glass
There are few students in the classroom they’re in the readingroom
4) every each
every each强调every 作定语修饰名词：
The bus comes every five minutes
Each of them may come at a different time
5) some any
6) some any no every组成定代词
something someone somebody somewhere anything anyone anybody anywhere nothing none nobody nowhere everythingeveryone everybody everywhere
三疑问代词
疑问代词构成疑问句五：
who whom whose what which
第六课时 数 词
基数词
基数词表示数量
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
twentyone
thirtyeight
fiftythree
a hundred
a thousand
a million
a billion
注意：表示具体数目hundren thousand million等均复数百位数十位数间通常加连词and十位数位数间加连字符
二序数词
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
twentyfirst
ninetyninty
a hundred and fiftythird
序数词缩写形式：阿拉伯数字加序数词两字母
first1st second 2nd tenth 10th
三时间年月日表示法
1时间均基数词表示：
1）读法先说点钟说分钟：
215 two fifteen 620 six twenty
2）逆读法
30分钟：分钟数+ past +钟点数：
320 twenty past three 210 ten past two
半时 half15分钟 a quarter
215 a quarter past two 330 half past three
30分钟外：分钟数+ to + 钟点：
435 twentyfive to five 255 five to three
2）年月日表示法
年份读法月日读法年月日起读法
四分数表示法
分数中表示分子数含位数时般采分子（基数词）+分母（序数词）表示（分子1时分母序数词复数）：
onethird twothirds three twentyseconds
五数词名词搭配
1）数词名词连时次序名词+基数词
Lesson 15 Room 1506 者the + 序数词 + 名词
The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor
2）数词时搭配
two hours and a half three hours
half an hour
第七课时 形容词
概述
形容词修饰名词说明事物特征句中作定语表语宾语补足语
The beautiful girl is Tom’s sister（充定语）
Three is nothing serious is there（充定语修饰定代词形容词短语放定代词）
The shoes in the shop were not very expensive（作表语）
The old are looked after well（形容词定冠词the连时表示类物谓语动词复数形式）
二形容词较级高级形式
1绝部分双音节形容词单音节形容词较等级变化规变化
情 况
变 化 形 式
举 例
般情况
词尾直接加er est
small smaller smallest
e结尾词
词尾加 –r st
large larger largest
辅音字母+y结尾
变yi加 er est
happy happier happiest
元音字母加辅音字母结尾重读闭音节
该辅音字母双写加
er est
fat – fatter – fattest
thin – thinner – thinnest
big – bigger – biggest
hot – hotter hottest
2部分双音节音节形容词较级高级变化形式音节形容词前加moremost
beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
useful – more useful – most useful
3规形容词较级高级形式：
good well – better – best bad ill – worse – worst
many much – more – most little – less – least
far – farther further – farthest furthest
三形容词较等级法
1AB时as（副）…as（介连）…中间形容词副词原级表示甲乙某方面样
He is as tall as I (me)
2A≠Bnot as(so)…as… 表示甲乙某方面样
He is not so tall as I He is shorter than I I’m taller than he
The boy isn’t as careful as that one
This boy isn’t as careful than that one
3较级+than 形式
This lesson is more difficult than that one
She is fatter than Kate
4the+高级+(in of)短语
Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in our class
He is the oldest of the three
of 常名词复数表示数量词连表示…中in常表示范围场名词连…范围中
四形容词较级特殊法
1）more and more较级连表示越越……
In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer
He is getting busier and busier
2）The more … the more 越…越…
The larger the bus is the more people it can carry
The farther away an object is from us the smaller it looks
3）较级形式表达高级：
较级+than any other+名词单数
较级+than the other+名词复数
He is clever than any other boy
He is the clevest of all the boys
He is clever than the other boys
4修饰较级副词much even quite a little a lot等表示甚表示程度
第八课时 副 词
概述
副词修饰动词形容词副词词表示动作特征状态特征某种性质程度
二副词分类
时间副词点副词方式副词疑问副词程度副词
1时间副词：时间副词表达涵包括回答什时候常否
A how then yesterday last time today just now later on so far ago
B always often usually sometimes never hardly ever
C already yet late early soon at once at last finally at first since
2点副词：表示点位置关系副词
A here there home anywhere everywhere
B above below down up out in across back over round away near
注：B类中表示位置副词时作介词
：come in please They live in the next room
3方式副词：badly carefully politely sadly suddenly happily well fast high hard
4 程度副词：常见 much a little a bit very even so too enough quite rather completely terribly nearly hardly not at all副词修饰形容词副词动词加强语气
5 疑问副词：引导特殊问句时引导时间状语句宾语句
疑问副词：how when where why who
6部分副词法：
1）too either also表示
tooeither句末too肯定句中either否定句般疑问句中also放句子中BE动词前实义动词
2）so neither倒装句开头
so接肯定句表示样句式：so+助动词+语
neither接否定句面表示没……
句式：neither+助动词+语
I have read the book so has he
Jim didn’t win the game neither did Tom
3）already yet
already yet通常现完成时中already肯定句yet否定句疑问句中
He has already finished his homework
Jim hasn’t come back yet
7副词较等级
副词形容词样较级高级变化形式形容词较较级高级样
第九课时 介 词
知识概述
介词种虚词般句子中重读单独充句子成分介词宾语起构成介词短语句子中作状语定语表语
介词称前置词般位名词代词前面表示该词句子成分关系学介词时重掌握介词法动介词组搭配时间介词方位介词方介词位置介词成语介词动介词静介词较区
二介词定义句法功
介词种虚词句中单独作句子成分表示名词相名词词语句子成分关系介词名词相名词词组短语句称介词宾语介词介词宾语起构成介词短语介词短语句中作定语状语表语宾语补足语
The boy over there is my brother（作定语）
A friend in need is a friend indeed（作定语）
I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel（作点状语）
To their surprise they saw not locusts but seagulls（作原状语）
I’ll be in the office every afternoon（作表语）
He isn’t at home（作表语）
The farmer made the king out of the water（作宾语补足语）
I found everything in good order（作宾语补足语）
三介词词类固定搭配
介词动词形容词名词等常构成固定搭配说词面常常求定介词
1形容词介词固定搭配
形容词面求固定介词类介词常见：
about at for from in of to with
（1） 形容词+about
careful about hopeful about sure about
He is careless about his clothes
（2）形容词 +at
good at surprised at angry at
（3）形容词 + for
famous for ready for sorry for
I’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth
（4）形容词 + from
different from safe from
He was absent from class this morning
My sister is different from me in many ways
（5）形容词 + in
interested in successful in
He is interested in making model ships
2名词介词固定搭配
（1） 名词 + for
He made up an excuse for being late
Did you find the cause for your failure
（2） 名词 + in
He has some difficulty in translating the book
She has made great progress in English
（3） 名词 + of
She found another way of solving the problem
He forms a bad habit of getting up late
（4） 名词 + on
There have been several attacks on foreigners recently
Have pity on me
（5） 名词 + with
I wanted to have a talk with you
He is always getting into trouble with the police
第十课时 连 词
知识概述
连词种虚词句子中单独作句子成分没句子重音句子中起连接词词短语短语句子句子句作连词分列连词属连词两种列连词连接彼列关系词属连词引导句词
二列连词
列连词连接具列关系词短语句子列连词作分表示转折果选择联合关系等四类
表示联合关系连词常见：and not only……but also as well as both…and neither…nor…
Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American
They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing
Work hard and you’ll pass the exam
If you work hard you’ll pass the exam
While I was in the university I learned both English and Japanese
Both European and Asian speak Russia
You can’t speak both American English and British English at the same time
Neither Tom nor you are a driver
Neither I nor he has seen the play
Neither of us is a teacher
You don’t like it Neither do I
She is beautiful as well as clever
He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor
三属连词
属连词连接种句词
1连接语句表语句宾语句连词三that if whether：
Ask her if she will come with me
The reason is that she never wasted her time
I don’t know whether he had passed the exam
2引导状语句属连词
(1) 连接时间状语句属连词：since until after before when while as soon as whenever
I’ll tell you as soon as I know
(2) 连接点状语句属连词 where wherever
Sit wherever you like
I found my books where I had left them
(3) 连接步状语句属连词：although though even if however
Although she was tired she kept on working
(4) 连接原状语句属连词：as because since now that
He was absent because he was ill
(5) 连接目状语句属连词：that so that in order that
He raised his voice so that we could hear him
(6) 连接条件状语句属连词：if unless once in case
You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up
(7) 连接结果状语句属连词：so…that such…that
He came so late that he missed the class
(8) 连接较状语句属连词：as…as… not so…as… less(more)…than the …the…
This is more than I can accept
(9) 连接方式状语句属连词：as as if
It looks as if it was going to rain
第十课时 动 词（）
知识概述
英语中句子必须动词担谓语说明语什做什动词表示动作状态词动词名词代词样称数变化谓语动词称数般语称数保持致
学英语动词相学半英语语法见英语动词重性初中英语中动词分类动词时态语态动词种形式间联系非谓语动词构成法等等贯穿整初中课包括英语句型离开动词时态语态学时特注意英语中时态运语态间区
二动词分类作
动词词义句中作英语动词分行动词（实义动词）连系动词助动词情态动词
1行动词
表示动作状态独立作谓语：
She took pictures of trees
He is typing letters
行动词分物动词物动词
（1）物动词
物动词面必须宾语意思完整
I enjoyed the film very much
I gave the child another piece of cake
常见带两宾语动词：
bring build buy cook cut draw find get hand leave lend make offer pass pay read return sell show teach tell write etc
（2）物动词
身词义完整面求宾语：
Horses run fast
They work in a factory
She curled up in bed and began her book
2连系动词
（1）身词义句子中单独作谓语必须表语起构成谓语常见连系动词：be look get feel sound turn smell taste become
My father is an engineer
My brother has become a doctor
It seems that he was a millionaire
I don’t feel very well today
（2）表示感觉知觉动词连系动词feel touch sound smell
I can smell the sea
The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases
I feel a pain in the arm
She looked worried about it
3动词介词固定搭配
动词介词搭配指列两种形式：
（1）动词+宾语+介词
The song always reminds me of my school days
Parents usually expect a lot of their children
I often take her for her sister
He hide everything from me
The headmaster praised the boy for his courage
They supplied people with enough food and drink
They presented us with a lot of flowers
The man was charged with mueder
（2）动词+反身代词+介词
dress oneself in prepare oneself for
give oneself to pride oneself on
He gives himself to pop music
She always dresses herself in white
第十二课时 动 词（二）
动词形式
数动词四种基形式：
1现式2式3分词4现分词
现式字典中形式称动词原形动词种形式构成方法动词分规动词规动词两类
1第三称单数形式加s规
动词般现时单数第三称形式构成名词复数构成法读音完全样
情 况
变化形式
例词
般情况
加s
helps makes gets
sxchsho结尾名词
加es
guesses fixes goes washes
辅音字母加y结尾名词
变yi 加es
flies cries tries studies
2动词式分词：构成动词ed形式规
（1）规变化式分词构成样加ed
构成规
动词原形
变化
般动词原形末尾加ed
look play
looked played
结尾e动词加d
live hope
lived hoped
辅音字母加y动词改yi加ed
study carry
studied carried
重读闭音节写辅音字母加ed
stop drop fit
stopped dropped
fitted
（2）规动词式分词形式规查规动词变化形式表
① 动词三种形式样：
bet burst cast cost
cut hit hurt let
read shut spread
② 面易误规动词
bear bore born bite bit bitten blow blew blown
draw drew drawn drink drank drunk eat ate eaten
fly flew flown hide hid hidden lend lent lent
mean meant meant ride rode ridden rise rose risen
shake shook shaken swim swam swum tear tore torn
throw threw thrown wear wore worn
3英语动词现分词般动词末尾加ing
规
变化形式
例 词
般情况
加ing
going asking
发音e结尾
e加ing
writing closing
重读闭音节结尾
双写辅音字母加ing
getting beginning
ie结尾
先ie变y加ing
dying lying tying
第十三课时 动 词（三）
教学重点
助动词
助动词身没词义单独作谓语动词起构成谓语动词表示否定疑问时态语态等语法形式加强语气常助动词be do have shall will等具体法：
（1）助动词be
A 构成进行时态
She is doing her homework now
I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon
B 构成动语态
The baby was put in bed by his mother
The invitation was received yesterday
C 动词定式构成谓语
These books are not to be taken out of the room
She is to arrive at six this morning
（2）助动词have
A 构成完成时态
I have not seen him for three years
How long has your uncle taught in the village
He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England
B 动词定式构成谓语表示客观环境促做事情
She had to go shopping yesterday
（3）助动词do
A 构成疑问句否定句
Did anyone sharpen this knife
I don’t think you are right
B．加强语气
I do want to have a talk with you
Do come and see me
C．代动词词组
Have you finished your work Yes I did yesterday
He plays basketball well So does his brother
（4）助动词shall
构成时态单纯表示未情况
I shall not be back tonight
We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month
（5）助动词will
构成时第二三称：
They will move to a new house
She will not eat any solid food
注意：
（1）have to must区
must情态动词意思必须应该定接动词原形Must否定形式mustn’t构成疑问句时肯定回答般must否定回答needn’tdon’t have to 表示必：
Must I do it now
Yes you must No you needn’t
have to 表示必须种时态
I missed the train so I had to take a taxi
I’m sorry I won’t go with you I’ll have to go to the bank
We don’t have to install this new television set
（2）used to 表示常常现惯否定形式 used not to usedn’t (usen’t) to didn’t use to
I used to go to work by bus Now I go by car
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy
Used they to have a lot more free time
第十四课时 动 词（四）
教学重点
情态动词
（1）情态动词表示说话某动作状态态度表示观设想情态动词词义单独作谓语动词必须带to动词定式连没称数变化常情态动词can may must will shall should would need dare
① 情态动词词义表示说话某动作状态态度观设想：
You may go now
This bus can seat 40 people
The work must be finished as soon as possible
② 情态动词单独作谓语必须带to定式连没称数变化
③ 情态动词现式式两种形式
（2）情态动词法
① may法
a 表示允许征询方许意思May not表示说话许：
You may go now
May I use you typewrite
You may not goI do not permit you to go
b 回答may引导疑问句时肯定回答yes you may否定No you mustn’t No you can’tNo you had better not
② can法
a．表示力会够意思
b 表示允许口语中代may意思
c 表示性常否定句疑问句
The hall can hold at least 200 people
The librarian said we could take these books
Today is Sunday he can’t be at school today
d canbe able to法较
can表达力时现时时两种形式时态be able to表达：
I can play piano
He has not been able to finish the work in time
③ must 法
a must表示必须应该：
Must I come to the party
The article must be completed before Friday
b must否定形式mustn’t 表示应该禁止：
You mustn’t get to school too late
Must I do it now Yes you must No you needn’t
She must have gone to Beijing
You must say sorry to me for that
You mustn’t clean only own room
④ need法
a need作情态动词否定句疑问句较少肯定句：
I needn’t wear a coat I don’t think I need wear a coat
I don’t need things like that
⑤ shall
第二第三称表示说话意愿
He shall get his money
You shall do exactly as you wish
Shall I turn on the light
Shall I poen the window
⑥ would法
表示愿决心建议法：
I would like to go there
I promised that I would do my best
表示惯
He would often come to my house to see me
第十五课时 动词时态（）
教学重点
般现时
英语中时间里方式发生动作存状态动词形式表示动词种形式称动词时态
时态时间划分分四类：现时时时时行类分四种形式：般式进行式完成式完成进行式样英语动词合起总十六种时态初中需掌握中八种时态
1般现时
（1）般现时表示现状态惯性动作语具备性格力等
① 动词be时第称am第二称is称are
② 动词实义动词时般动词原形果语第三称单数时动词必须第三称单数形式变化规：
变化规
例 词
般动词词尾加s
makes drives
s x ch sh o结尾动词加es
guesses goes
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加es
carries flies
助动词do（第三称单数does）构成否定句疑问句答语注意助动词原谓语动词恢复原形例：
I like music I don’t like music
Do you like music Yes I do No I don’t
（2）般现时法
① 表示常惯性动作常often usually every day sometimes always等时间状语连：
He goes to school by bus every day
They often play football
② 表示力职业特征：
Miss Gao teaches English
Do you speak Japanese
③ 表示客观存：
The earth moves round the sun
Time and tide wait for no man
④ 表示已安排计划事
The plane takes off at 730
Classes begin at 800
⑤ 时间状语条件状语句中句般时句般现时：
If I see him I’ll tell him to give you a call
We’ll wait until he comes back
注意：
a 般现时常见时间状语：always often usually sometimes seldom ever never every day now and then from time to time
b 现进行时时代般现时表示常性重复动作状态时句中常带always forever表示说话某种感情赞叹厌烦等：
He is always thinking of others
He is always talking big
第十六课时 动词时态（二）
教学重点
般时
般时
（1）般时表示某时间发生动作存状态
① 动词be动词时应该相应式：
am is was are were
否定形式：was not wasn’t were not weren’t
疑问句was were 置语前
I was in Grade Three last term
I wasn’t in Grade Two last term
Which grade were you in
② 动词实义动词时动词式式变化规规变化规变化：
变化规
例词
般情况词尾加ed
worked
e结尾词尾加d
used lived
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加ed
studied carried
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ed
stopped fitted
动词式规变化需逐记忆见初三教材规动词变化形式表
go went begin began sleep slept run ran
I heard the good news just now
The twins didn’t go to school last week
Did you see the film yesterday
（2）般时法
① 表示某时间段时间发生动作存状态常表示状语连：yesterday last week a minute ago in 1998 just now in those days等例：
They had a baby last month
My mother was ill yesterday
He went out just now
② since引导句句谓语动词果现完成时since引导句般般时：
He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990
You haven’t changed much since we last met
注意：
a 表示时间状语常见：yesterday last night(week year month Sunday) then at that time just now a few days(weeks months) agoafter before when while引导表示时间状语
b 般时表示现时间 日常会话语气较婉转客气：
I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike
第十七课时 动词时态（三）
教学重点
般时 时
般时
（1）般时表示发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连：tomorrow next week next month in a few days from now on
I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday
I’ll be there in half an hour
We’ll arrive tomorrow
（2）般时构成
① be going to + 动词原形Be语称数变化变化否定句be面加not 疑问句be放语例：
It’s going to be fine tomorrow
He isn’t going to speak at the meeting
What are you going to do next
② will +动词原形Will种称数语连否定句will加not缩写成won’t疑问句需will提语前例：
We will have a basketball match next week
Will you come to the party
I son’t lend it to you
③ shall + 动词原形结构常语第称I we句中疑问句表示提建议征求意见：
When and where shall we meet
Shall I turn on the TV
（3） 般时基法
① be going to +动词原形表示意图算计划做某事：
Are you going to post the letter
How long is he going to stay here
② be going to + 动词原形表示预见现已迹象表明发生事：
There are a lot of clouds It’s going to rain
It’s 750 I’m going to be late
③ will + 动词原形表示客观发生事表示带意愿色彩：
He will help you if you ask him
They will come back tomorrow
时
时表示某时间发生动作存状态常宾语句中结构般时类似需助动词改式
am is are going to + 动词原形→was were going to + 动词原形
will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形
例：
You knew I would come
He asked me when he would see me again
Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day
第十八课时 动词时态（四）
教学重点
现进行时 进行时
1现进行时
（1）现进行时表示现现阶段正发生进行动作be + 动词现分词构成否定句be加not疑问句be提语前
（2） 现分词构成
变化规
例词
般情况直接加ing
do—doing help helping
发音e结尾e加ing
taketaking have having
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ing
stop stopping set setting
beginbeginning dropdropping
（3）现进行时法
① 表示说话时正进行动作：
What are you doing Who are you waiting for
I’m cooking
② 表示现阶段直进行动作说话时定进行：
He is working in a factory She is translating look now
③ 表示断重复动作：
The boy is always asking some strange questions
The children are singing and dancing
④ 表示位置移动动词现进行时表示发生事go come leave fly start等：
When are you starting I’m leaving tomorrow
2进行时
进行时表示某时刻正进行动作
进行时常表示时间状语连：this time yesterday at that time then last night at 900 yesterday all night等构成现进行时类似需be变相应式：was were + 动词ing：
What were you doing this time yesterday
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
I was watching TV
I was writing while my mother was cooking
教学难点：
① 进行时表示动作发生时发生动作正进行进行时表示段时间持续发生动作：
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
花园浇水时突然雨
While we were having a party the lights went out
② 进行时表示两动作时进行时连接词while引导：
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio
③ was going + 定式表示算
He was going to be our team leader 原算领队
④ 进行时般区
进行时表示段时间正进行动作般时表示完成动作：
I was typing letters last night
I typed some letters last night
第十九课时 动词时态（五）
教学重点
现完成时（）
现完成时
（1）现完成时表示某动作发生现影响（结果）动作状态已结束持续
构成形式： have has + 动词分词
否定句have has 加not→haven’t hasn’t
疑问句have has放语前
（2）现完成时法
① 表示发生动作现造成影响结果常时间状语：already yet ever never just等：
I have already finished the work
Have you ever been to Beijing
He has never seen such a nice car
② 表示已开始持续现动作状态表示段时间状语连：
for + 时间段
since + 时间点（表时间段）时间段+ago般时态：
I have taught in this school for ten years
I have taught in this school since ten years ago
③ forsince引导短语表示段时间谓语动词应该延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词表示该动词延续段时间：live work study teach stay等非延续性动词指该动词表示动作持续短暂瞬间完成：borrow come arrive get leave die等
许非延续性动词意思相相延续性动词表示：
leave be away from arrive be in
go be away come be in at finish be over
buy have borrow keep die be dead
join be inbe a member of begin be on
：He has gone He has been away for an hour
I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days
④ have has been to have has gone to
have has been to ：
have has gone to ：已（说话现场途中已达）
My mother has been to America 妈妈美国
My mother has gone to America 妈妈已美国
（3）现完成时般时法较
① 般时单纯表示现发生联系确定表示时间状语连现完成时表示某完成动作现造成影响结果强调现情况确定时间状语连：
We have visited the farm（现农场解）
We visited the farm last week（说明周参观农场件事）
② 果询问某事发生时间点般时：
When did you lose your cat
I lost it last night I found it in the garden
第二十课时 动词时态（六）
教学重点
现完成时（二） 完成时
现完成时难点：
① since引导时间状语句通常完成时态
He has taught English since 1970
It has been a long time since I last saw you
② It is …since…种结构中句谓语般现时现完成时般时：
It’s ten years since I left school
It’s a long time since I saw you last
③ 表示短暂性动词表示段时间状语连类动词：
begin borrow buy close come die fall find finish
join kill lend leave sell start stop等：
说：His father has died for three years
说：His father died three years ago
说：He has left home for two months
说：He left home two months ago
④ 非延续性动词否定形式表示状态延续for since时间状语连：
I haven’t seen him for a long time
I haven’t heard from him since he left
She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job
⑤ have(has) been have (has) gone区
Have been to a place意思表示某处现have gone to意思表示已某现途中已：
Has she ever been to Nanjing
You have never been there before have you
I have been to Guilin I went there last year
总have been to讲情况强调没着重目前止结果have gone to指现第三称第第二称代have been to
2完成时
（1）完成时表示某时间前已发生动作存状态结构：had + 动词分词否定疑问句现完成时样
（2）法
① 表示某时间动作前已发生完成动作：
The meeting had begun when we got there
He said he had seen the film
② 表示某动作某时间已开始直延续时间常forsince引导时间状语连：
The film had been on for tem minutes when we got there
She said that she had made much progress since she came here
第二十课时 动词时态致
教学重点
时态致
时态致指复合句中句句间时态致通常句时态决定句时态原：句现时时句谓语根具体情况时态句谓语时句必须时态表：
句谓语
句谓语
含 义
般现时
现进行时般现时
句动作时发生
般时willcanmay+动词
表示句动作句动作发生
般时
表示句动作句动作前发生
现完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
般时
进行时般时
表示句动作时发生
wouldcouldmight + 动词
表示句动作句发生
完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
教学难点
1宾语句间接引语句时态致符合述原果宾语句表示客观事实真理句谓语时句谓语应该般现时：：
Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous
老师告诉知半解危险
He said that light travels faster than sound
说光传播速度声音快
2形容词句种句常成宾语句句时态符合述原形容词：afraid glad sure sorry certain aware confident delighted lucky surprised worried：
I’m sure that he will succeed
3语句表语句位语句句时态致：
That is why he was late for school
例题：
1 Miss Gao isn’t here She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown
A went B has gone C has been D would go
2 ________ a letter from him since he left
A haven’t got B didn’t receive C didn’t have D haven’t feel
3 When I came in they______ games in the room
A were playing B are playing C played D plays
4 Hurry up The play ________ for ten minutes
A has begun B had begun C has been on D began
第二十二课时 动语态（）
教学重点
动语态
英语中须通动词某种形式表明句子语动作执行者动作承受者前种句子动句种动句
英语动词两种语态形式动语态动语态果语动作执行者谓语动词动语态果语动作象谓语动词动语态：
They build this school
They school is built by them
1动语态构成
助动词 +（物动词）分词构成动词动语态形式助动词be称数时态变化变化规be作系动词变化完全样：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou（般现时）
The thief was arrested（般时）
A new road is being built outside my house（现进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police（进行时）
Your wallet has been found（现完成时）
By the time we got there The work had been finished（完成时）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma（时）
Your watch will be repaired（般时）
教学难点：
英语里动词物动词面宾语没动语态动词动语态没动语态
appear die happen fall arrive
2五种时态动语态举例
① 般现时
A lot of books are kept in our school library
Radio is used in everyday life
② 般时
A thief was caught last night
They were asked to speak at the meeting
③ 现进行时
A new library is being put up in their school now
The watch is being repaired
④ 般时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon
The thieves will be arrested
⑤ 现完成时
My bag has been stolen
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year
3动语态变动语态
① 动结构宾语变动结构语
② 动结构谓语动词动语态变动语态
③ 动结构语变介词by宾语组成介词短语放动结构中谓语动词动作执行者须说明必强调时by短语省略
④ 动语态动语态两种时态保持致：
We repaired the motor
The motor was repaired by us
第二十三课时 动语态（二）
教学重点
动语态（二）
种形式动语态
（1）含直接宾语间接宾语动结构变动结构时中宾语变语动般动结构间接宾语变动结构语样句子显然：
He showed me his pictures
I was shown his pictures by him
I was sent a birthday present (by him)
A birthday present was sent to me (by him)
（2）含复合宾语动句变动句方法
① 宾语变语宾语补足语保留动：
They call her little Li She is called little Li
He left the door open The door was left open by him
② make let hear watch see feel have notice help等动词面作宾语补足语定式般带to变动语态时面定式必须带to：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young
③ 含情态动词动语态情态动词 + be +（物动词）分词构成：
They can not find him
He can not be found
④ 短语动词动语态
般说物动词动语态物动词动作承受者许物动词加介词词类构成短语动词相物动词宾语动语态应注意短语动词分割整体变动语态时丢掉构成短语动词介词副词：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived
They will set up a new public school here
A new public school will be set up here
You must take good care of these trees
These trees must be taken good care of
动语态基法
① 知道谁动作执行者者没必指出谁动作执行者时：
Paper is made from wood
The house is quite old it was built in 1950
He was wounded in the fight
② 需强调动作承受者时：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away
He was awarded first prize in that contest
③ 语气婉转避免提方动语态修辞需动语态句子更安排：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month
Electricity is used to run machines
第二十四课时 非谓语动词（）
教学重点
动词定式
英语中充句子谓语动词作非谓语动词非谓语动词受语限制没时态语态非限定动词非限定动词三种形式：动词定式动名词分词
1动词定式
（1）动词定式构成性质
动词定式种非谓语动词谓非谓语动词作谓语动词正受语称数限制没称数变化具动词某特征带宾语状语构成定式短语构成：to + 动词原形否定式not to +动词原形to定式符号词义
（2）动词定式法
动词定式作谓语外作语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语
① 作语
To learn English well is not easy
To drive fast is quite dangerous
定式作语时常常it作形式语定式放谓语两例句写成：
It is not easy to learn English well
It is quite dangerous to drive fast
种法纳成样句型：
It is (not) + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth
It is very expensive for me to buy a car
It is very difficult for a child to do that job
形容词of + 名词（代词宾语）+定式：
It is very kind of you to say so It is very good of you to come
② 作表语：
My job is to teach English The first thing is to ring him up
③ 作宾语：
She wanted to ask you a question He forgot to turn off the light
We decided to hold a class meeting
常见定式作宾语动词：like love begin start try ask prefer hate find等形容词接定式种定式作宾语：
I’m very glad to see you He’s sure to come
④ 作宾语补足语
定式补充说明宾语通常定式动作宾语发出带定式作宾补动词：ask sb To do sth want sb To do sth
tell sb To do sth like sb To do sth help sb (to) do sth动词省略to定式作宾语补足语：hear watch see feel make let have等：
I often help my mother do housework
The policeman asked the driver to stop
The teacher asked us not to talk in class
I want you to buy some bananas for me
We saw him play football We felt the house shake
⑤ 作定语：常常放修饰名词代词：
I have a lot of of work to do He wants something to drink
⑥ 作状语：
He went to the station to meet his friend（表目）
She has gone to the market to buy some vegetables（表目）
I’m so glad to hear that you have passed the exam（表原）
The boy is too young to go to school（表结果）
（3）疑问词加动词定式
疑问代词when who which疑问副词when where why how等加动词定式句中作语宾语表语等成分：
I’m don’t know how to use the computer（作宾语）
We can’t decide which one to buy（作宾语）
The question is how to get there（作表语）
When to start has not been decided（作语）
第二十五课时 非谓语动词（二）
教学重点
动名词
动名词具名词特性句子里起语宾语介词宾语作
（1）动名词作语
般情况表示种抽象泛指动作次性具体动作动名词作语时常采形式语it
Swimming in this river is dangerous
It is dangerous swimming in this river
（2）动名词作宾语
英语中动词接动名词作宾语接定式动词：
admit（承认） avoid（避开） can’t help（禁住）
consider（考虑） deny（否认） enjoy（喜欢）
excuse（原谅） finish（完成） mind（介意）
practise（练） miss（错） suggest（建议）
I can’t help laughing
I enjoyed reading this novel
教学难点
动名词定式作直接宾语较
① remember doing sth 表示记午做件事
remember to do sth 表示记做某事
I remember seeing the man before
② forget doing sth 表示忘记做某事
forget to do sth 表示忘记做某事
I forgot to turn off the lights when I left the room
③ regret doing sth 表示做件事情悔
regret to do sth 表示没做正做事情感悔抱歉：
I regret telling you the bad news
I regret to say I’m unable to help you
④ stop doing sth 表示停止正做事情
stop to do sth 表示停做件事情：
We stopped to see what happened
Let’s stop talking about it
⑤ try doing sth 表示尝试着做某事
try to do sth 表示设法做某事：
I’ll try doing it in a new way
I once tried to learn Japanese
⑥ mean doing sth 表示意味着意思
mean to do sth 表示算想做某事：
Giving up the job means missing a good opportunity
放弃份工作意味着错机会
I mean to help him with it
⑦ prefer to do sth ……rather than do sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth 表示喜欢做件事喜欢做件事：
I prefer working to staying at home
This pair of shoes needs repairing
The walls of the room want whitewashing
第二十六课时 句子类型（）
教学重点
句子类型：陈述句
陈述句（包括肯定否定）叙述项事实陈述句结构分肯定结构否定结构两种
1陈述句肯定结构
（1）语谓语致句子中谓语动词语称数必须致：
I was having dinner when he came in
He is now working at a bank
①谓语语中心词保持致修饰词影响语数：
The quality of this kind of bike is poor
There be结构倒装句中谓语通常放语前面时谓语单数复数面语定：
There is no milk in the bottle
There are no students iin the classroom
②one of ……结构作语谓语应该单数：
One of the students is absent
Making things is a good activity
What hurt her most is his words
③and连接两两名词both…and…连接两成分作语谓语动词通常复数形式：
Susan and Sally like pop music
The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk
④单数名词面面词语修饰时语受词词组影响
with… like… as well as… together with…
He as well as his classmates likes popular songs
Mr Li together with his wife and two songs is on holiday these days
⑤连词either…or…neither…nor…not only…but also…also nor or连接两名词代词谓语动词形式应语保持致
Neither I nor my brother is good at maths
Either you or I’m wrong
注意：表示数量时间距离金钱等复数名词作语时谓语动词般单数形式数学运算数字作语谓语通常单数形式：
Ten pounds is enough Two hours is a long time
2陈述句否定形式
（1）带系动词助动词情态动词肯定句not never加动词面肯定句变否定no通常否定名词动名词
I’m not a doctor I haven’t got a camera
I have never met him before
（2）谓语行动词前面没助动词情态动词谓语动词前加助动词do( does did ) not行
I didn’t go to the concert yesterday
He doesn’t speak English
（3）no修饰复数名词作语谓语动词复数果no修饰单数名词作语谓语动词单数：
No men are admitted No man is admitted
（4）表示部分否定词：not all not everything not everybody not everywhere not both not always
Not everybody enjoys fishing
Not everything goes well
第二十七课时 句子类型（二）
教学重点
句子类型：疑问句
疑问句提出疑问句子疑问句末尾问号？疑问句般分：般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句
1般疑问句
(1) 含系动词助动词情态动词陈述句改疑问句：动词提语前面句末问号
Are you a policeman Must I go now
(2) 果谓语行动词前面没助动词情态动词时助动词do ( does did )构成疑问句
Does he often write to you
Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday
2特殊疑问句
(1) 特殊疑问句疑问词+般疑问句构成中般疑问句采取倒装部分倒装形式
(2) 特殊疑问句疑问词通常分疑问代词疑问副词两种
3选择疑问句
结构般疑问句 + or + 般疑问句回答类问题时选择中种具体进行回答
Is her brother a doctor or a teacher
Her brother a doctor
4反意疑问句
反意疑问句陈述句简略形式疑问句构成中间逗号隔开通常两种形式：
① 陈述句谓语肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语否定形式
He is stupid isn’t he
② 陈述句谓语否定形式 + 疑问句谓语肯定形式
He doesn’t like sports does he
(5) 果陈述部分复合句疑问部分谓语应该语谓语形式样
You never told us you are the headmaster did you
注意：
① used to句中时usen’t usedn’t引起反意疑问句He used to swim in winter didn’t he
He used to swim in winter usen’t he
② 陈述句中语everybody everyone anyone nobody none no one时疑问部分通常they代
Everybody admires him don’t they
③ 果陈述句部分已表示否定意义词never nothing hardly疑问部分应该肯定形式
He never speaks loudly does he
④ 陈述句部分语everything nothing anything something时疑问部分语it
Something is wrong with the machine isn’t it
Everything is in good order isn’t it
⑤ 祈句反意疑问句部分shall will
Let’s表示第称祈句反意疑问句shall we let me let us表示第二称祈句反意疑问句will you行动词引起祈句反意疑问句will you祈句反意疑问句通常肯定形式
Let’s go for a walk shall we
Let’s stop for a rest will you
⑥ 感叹句反意疑问句be现时感叹heyou等事物感叹it疑问部分必须否定式
What a clever boy isn’t he
What a wonderful lecture isn’t it
第二十八课时 句子类型（三）
教学重点
句子类型：祈句 感叹句
祈句表示请求命令建议等等谓语动词律原形句中通常语句末惊叹号者句号
1肯定祈句
(1) 句型：动词原形……（省略语）：
Look at these holes Please keep the classroom quiet
(2) 时加强语气动词前加do
Do be quiet Do study hard
(3) 祈句中果呼语定逗号隔开放句首句尾Come here Li Ming
2否定祈句
(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……
Don’t make the same mistake
Don’t look out of the windows
(2) 祈句陈述句改写
祈句You must ……
Be quiet you must be quiet
Don’t make any noise You mustn’t make any noise
Please + 祈句 Will you please ……？
Please read after me Will you please read after me
3祈句Let…句型
Let作动词常常祈句表达意义相
Let表示建议面第称代词作宾语
Let’s go to school together Let me try again
Let表示间接命令愿面接第三称代词作宾语
Let him work out the problem by himself
Let Li Ping be monitor
感叹句表示说话时惊讶喜悦气愤等情绪带强烈感情色彩感叹句两种：
What + 名词词组
What a beautiful day it is
How + 形容词副词
How well they have learned English
How well he swims
注意：
What 修饰单数数名词时果名词形容词修饰how引导感叹句定冠词a an放形容词面
What a beautiful park
How beautiful a park it is
补充练
求进行句型转换
1 We have many cakes for supper （变否定疑问句）
2 I would like a cup of tea please （变般疑问句）
3 He is a teacher (a student) （改选择疑问句）
4 It is a nice box （改感叹句）
5 The workers are working hard （改感叹句）
6 Tom is sitting on the desk （改否定祈句）
7 Everything is ready ___________ （改反意疑问句）
8 This isn’t your book _____________
9 Don’t look out of the window _____________
第二十九课时 句子分类（）
教学重点
简单句简单句五种基句型
1SVC结构（语+系动词+表语）
种句型中动词必须系动词动词表语表语名词（词组）形容词（词组）副词（词组）等：
The teacher is kind She looks fine
My son became a doctor at last
系动词be外常见keep look feel smell sound taste grow get go turn
2SV结构（语+物动词）
(1) 结构中动词物动词动词边没宾语：
My head aches He is singing
(2) 动词边必须带状语否意思明确：
The professor lives in Beijing
We stayed in China for a few days
常见物动词：sleep walk swim happen take place go come work laugh stay
3SVO结构（语+物动词+宾语）
结构中谓语动词必须物动词动词边宾语
He can drive a car They speak English
物动词面加介词副词成物动词时边接宾语
Please listen to me carefully
4SVOO结构（语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
(1) 双宾语结构 结构中动词带双宾语（直接宾语间接宾语）物动词直接宾语指物间接宾语指常带双宾语动词：give send tell bring lend buy teach get call do ask wish offer等
He gave the inspector his passport
My father taught us English
(2) 宾语位置
间接宾语般放直接宾语前果强调间接宾语者间接宾语较长常间接宾语放直接宾语时间接宾语前面加适介词：
The old man bought his daughter a nice scarf
The old man bought a nice scarf for his daughter
Give the teacher this bookGive this book to the teacher
5SVOC结构（语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
种结构中宾语补足语补充说明宾语
(1) 某物动词需宾语加宾语补足语表达完整意思样宾语宾补称复合宾语名词形容词定式分词副词作宾补
(2) 常复合宾语动词：call name make think find leave keep等：
His mother finds him a clever boy
Please keep the room clean
(3) see watch look at listen to hear feel let make（） have（）等词宾补果定式担省to变动语态时to原：
I heard a man knock at the door three times
A man was heard to knock at the door three times
第三十课时 句子分类（二）
教学重点
列句 there be结构 复合句
1列句：连词连接两分句组成句子列句分句等列等重够独立成句连接分句列连词丛连词
列连词：and but or nor for while either…or… neither…now not only… but also…
连词：so however still yet then
列句中前两句根意思划分四种关系
(1) 等关系：and not only…but also neither…nor…
He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard but also likes sports
(2) 转折关系：but yet still while when
Tom was not there but his brother was ( there )
(3) 选择关系：or either… or…
Either you didn’t understand this or you were not careful enough
(4) 果关系：for so
He hurried for it was getting dark
He liked the book very much so I gave it to him
2there be结构
英语中there + be + sb sth+ 点结构表示某处某某物There引导词身没意思be谓语动词be面语be必须语数保持致：
There is a garden behind the house
There are two books on the desk
果语部分两列语时be般邻语数保持致：
There is a cup and two books on the desk
There are five students and a teacher in the classroom
3复合句
复合句中包括两更分句中分句句余分句句句分钟句中充成分语表语宾语定语状语等句句子中作什成分什句
1语句
作语句作语句语句般作谓语动词语偶尔作分词语
(1) what that引导语句
What she likes is watching the children play
It is right that you told him the truth
(2) 连接副词whether when how where why引导语句
Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery
Whether we can help you is a difficult question
When the meeting will be held has not been decided
2表语句
通常that what where why how等连接词引导
(1) if whether that引导表语句
The question is that we must be good at learning from others
(2) what which who等连接代词
That is what I want to tell you
The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one
(3) how when where why等连接副词
The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late
第三十课时 宾语句
知识概述
宾语句句子中句中作宾语宾语句句子作宾语宾语句位置陈述句结构中宾语相作物动词介词宾语常连词that if whether what which who whom when where how why等
教学重点
1宾语句结构
(1) that引导宾语句
that句中充句子成分起连接句句作that翻译出口语中常常省略种宾语句常陈述句
The trouble is that we are short of money
(2) 连词ifwhether引导
Whetherif句中充句子成分起连接作省略翻译否
Do you know if Mr Smith is at home
(3) 连接代词who whom whose which what连接副词when where how why等引导连接代词连接副词位句前面起连接句句作句陈述句语序
Do you know who broke the window
I don’t know when I shall finish
I wonder if the news is true
(4) 某形容词句时作宾语句afraid sure sorry glad worried aware confident angry等
They were angry that they had lost the chance
Can you tell me where the library is
I’m sorry that I’m late
2宾语句时态致
(1) 句时宾语句时态句现时时宾语句该什时态什时态
He told me that it would rain tomorrow
No one knows if he will come at all
第三十二课时 动词时态（）
教学重点
般现时
英语中时间里方式发生动作存状态动词形式表示动词种形式称动词时态
时态时间划分分四类：现时时时时行类分四种形式：般式进行式完成式完成进行式样英语动词合起总十六种时态初中需掌握中八种时态
1般现时
（1）般现时表示现状态惯性动作语具备性格力等
① 动词be时第称am第二称is称are
② 动词实义动词时般动词原形果语第三称单数时动词必须第三称单数形式变化规：
变化规
例 词
般动词词尾加s
makes drives
s x ch sh o结尾动词加es
guesses goes
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加es
carries flies
助动词do（第三称单数does）构成否定句疑问句答语注意助动词原谓语动词恢复原形例：
I like music I don’t like music
Do you like music Yes I do No I don’t
（2）般现时法
① 表示常惯性动作常often usually every day sometimes always等时间状语连：
He goes to school by bus every day
They often play football
② 表示力职业特征：
Miss Gao teaches English
Do you speak Japanese
③ 表示客观存：
The earth moves round the sun
Time and tide wait for no man
④ 表示已安排计划事
The plane takes off at 730
Classes begin at 800
⑤ 时间状语条件状语句中句般时句般现时：
If I see him I’ll tell him to give you a call
We’ll wait until he comes back
注意：
a 般现时常见时间状语：always often usually sometimes seldom ever never every day now and then from time to time
b 现进行时时代般现时表示常性重复动作状态时句中常带always forever表示说话某种感情赞叹厌烦等：
He is always thinking of others
He is always talking big
第三十三课时 动词时态（二）
教学重点
般时
般时
（1）般时表示某时间发生动作存状态
① 动词be动词时应该相应式：
am is was are were
否定形式：was not wasn’t were not weren’t
疑问句was were 置语前
I was in Grade Three last term
I wasn’t in Grade Two last term
Which grade were you in
② 动词实义动词时动词式式变化规规变化规变化：
变化规
例词
般情况词尾加ed
worked
e结尾词尾加d
used lived
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加ed
studied carried
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ed
stopped fitted
动词式规变化需逐记忆见初三教材规动词变化形式表
go went begin began sleep slept run ran
I heard the good news just now
The twins didn’t go to school last week
Did you see the film yesterday
（2）般时法
① 表示某时间段时间发生动作存状态常表示状语连：yesterday last week a minute ago in 1998 just now in those days等例：
They had a baby last month
My mother was ill yesterday
He went out just now
② since引导句句谓语动词果现完成时since引导句般般时：
He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990
You haven’t changed much since we last met
注意：
a 表示时间状语常见：yesterday last night(week year month Sunday) then at that time just now a few days(weeks months) agoafter before when while引导表示时间状语
b 般时表示现时间 日常会话语气较婉转客气：
I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike
第三十四课时 动词时态（三）
教学重点
般时 时
般时
（1）般时表示发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连：tomorrow next week next month in a few days from now on
I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday
I’ll be there in half an hour
We’ll arrive tomorrow
（2）般时构成
① be going to + 动词原形Be语称数变化变化否定句be面加not 疑问句be放语例：
It’s going to be fine tomorrow
He isn’t going to speak at the meeting
What are you going to do next
② will +动词原形Will种称数语连否定句will加not缩写成won’t疑问句需will提语前例：
We will have a basketball match next week
Will you come to the party
I son’t lend it to you
③ shall + 动词原形结构常语第称I we句中疑问句表示提建议征求意见：
When and where shall we meet
Shall I turn on the TV
（3） 般时基法
① be going to +动词原形表示意图算计划做某事：
Are you going to post the letter
How long is he going to stay here
② be going to + 动词原形表示预见现已迹象表明发生事：
There are a lot of clouds It’s going to rain
It’s 750 I’m going to be late
③ will + 动词原形表示客观发生事表示带意愿色彩：
He will help you if you ask him
They will come back tomorrow
时
时表示某时间发生动作存状态常宾语句中结构般时类似需助动词改式
am is are going to + 动词原形→was were going to + 动词原形
will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形
例：
You knew I would come
He asked me when he would see me again
Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day
第三十五课时 动词时态（四）
教学重点
现进行时 进行时
1现进行时
（1）现进行时表示现现阶段正发生进行动作be + 动词现分词构成否定句be加not疑问句be提语前
（3） 现分词构成
变化规
例词
般情况直接加ing
do—doing help helping
发音e结尾e加ing
taketaking have having
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ing
stop stopping set setting
beginbeginning dropdropping
（3）现进行时法
① 表示说话时正进行动作：
What are you doing Who are you waiting for
I’m cooking
② 表示现阶段直进行动作说话时定进行：
He is working in a factory She is translating look now
③ 表示断重复动作：
The boy is always asking some strange questions
The children are singing and dancing
④ 表示位置移动动词现进行时表示发生事go come leave fly start等：
When are you starting I’m leaving tomorrow
2进行时
进行时表示某时刻正进行动作
进行时常表示时间状语连：this time yesterday at that time then last night at 900 yesterday all night等构成现进行时类似需be变相应式：was were + 动词ing：
What were you doing this time yesterday
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
I was watching TV
I was writing while my mother was cooking
教学难点：
① 进行时表示动作发生时发生动作正进行进行时表示段时间持续发生动作：
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
花园浇水时突然雨
While we were having a party the lights went out
② 进行时表示两动作时进行时连接词while引导：
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio
③ was going + 定式表示算
He was going to be our team leader 原算领队
④ 进行时般区
进行时表示段时间正进行动作般时表示完成动作：
I was typing letters last night
I typed some letters last night
第三十六课时 动词时态（五）
教学重点
现完成时（）
现完成时
（1）现完成时表示某动作发生现影响（结果）动作状态已结束持续
构成形式： have has + 动词分词
否定句have has 加not→haven’t hasn’t
疑问句have has放语前
（2）现完成时法
① 表示发生动作现造成影响结果常时间状语：already yet ever never just等：
I have already finished the work
Have you ever been to Beijing
He has never seen such a nice car
② 表示已开始持续现动作状态表示段时间状语连：
for + 时间段
since + 时间点（表时间段）时间段+ago般时态：
I have taught in this school for ten years
I have taught in this school since ten years ago
③ forsince引导短语表示段时间谓语动词应该延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词表示该动词延续段时间：live work study teach stay等非延续性动词指该动词表示动作持续短暂瞬间完成：borrow come arrive get leave die等
许非延续性动词意思相相延续性动词表示：
leave be away from arrive be in
go be away come be in at finish be over
buy have borrow keep die be dead
join be inbe a member of begin be on
：He has gone He has been away for an hour
I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days
④ have has been to have has gone to
have has been to ：
have has gone to ：已（说话现场途中已达）
My mother has been to America 妈妈美国
My mother has gone to America 妈妈已美国
（3）现完成时般时法较
① 般时单纯表示现发生联系确定表示时间状语连现完成时表示某完成动作现造成影响结果强调现情况确定时间状语连：
We have visited the farm（现农场解）
We visited the farm last week（说明周参观农场件事）
② 果询问某事发生时间点般时：
When did you lose your cat
I lost it last night I found it in the garden
第三十七课时 动词时态（六）
教学重点
现完成时（二） 完成时
现完成时难点：
① since引导时间状语句通常完成时态
He has taught English since 1970
It has been a long time since I last saw you
② It is …since…种结构中句谓语般现时现完成时般时：
It’s ten years since I left school
It’s a long time since I saw you last
③ 表示短暂性动词表示段时间状语连类动词：
begin borrow buy close come die fall find finish
join kill lend leave sell start stop等：
说：His father has died for three years
说：His father died three years ago
说：He has left home for two months
说：He left home two months ago
④ 非延续性动词否定形式表示状态延续for since时间状语连：
I haven’t seen him for a long time
I haven’t heard from him since he left
She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job
⑤ have(has) been have (has) gone区
Have been to a place意思表示某处现have gone to意思表示已某现途中已：
Has she ever been to Nanjing
You have never been there before have you
I have been to Guilin I went there last year
总have been to讲情况强调没着重目前止结果have gone to指现第三称第第二称代have been to
2完成时
（1）完成时表示某时间前已发生动作存状态结构：had + 动词分词否定疑问句现完成时样
（2）法
① 表示某时间动作前已发生完成动作：
The meeting had begun when we got there
He said he had seen the film
② 表示某动作某时间已开始直延续时间常forsince引导时间状语连：
The film had been on for tem minutes when we got there
She said that she had made much progress since she came here
第三十八课时 动词时态致
教学重点
时态致
时态致指复合句中句句间时态致通常句时态决定句时态原：句现时时句谓语根具体情况时态句谓语时句必须时态表：
句谓语
句谓语
含 义
般现时
现进行时般现时
句动作时发生
般时willcanmay+动词
表示句动作句动作发生
般时
表示句动作句动作前发生
现完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
般时
进行时般时
表示句动作时发生
wouldcouldmight + 动词
表示句动作句发生
完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
教学难点
1宾语句间接引语句时态致符合述原果宾语句表示客观事实真理句谓语时句谓语应该般现时：：
Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous
老师告诉知半解危险
He said that light travels faster than sound
说光传播速度声音快
2形容词句种句常成宾语句句时态符合述原形容词：afraid glad sure sorry certain aware confident delighted lucky surprised worried：
I’m sure that he will succeed
3语句表语句位语句句时态致：
That is why he was late for school
例题：
1 Miss Gao isn’t here She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown
A went B has gone C has been D would go
2 ________ a letter from him since he left
A haven’t got B didn’t receive C didn’t have D haven’t feel
3 When I came in they______ games in the room
A were playing B are playing C played D plays
4 Hurry up The play ________ for ten minutes
A has begun B had begun C has been on D began
第三十九课时 动语态（）
教学重点
动语态
英语中须通动词某种形式表明句子语动作执行者动作承受者前种句子动句种动句
英语动词两种语态形式动语态动语态果语动作执行者谓语动词动语态果语动作象谓语动词动语态：
They build this school
They school is built by them
1动语态构成
助动词 +（物动词）分词构成动词动语态形式助动词be称数时态变化变化规be作系动词变化完全样：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou（般现时）
The thief was arrested（般时）
A new road is being built outside my house（现进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police（进行时）
Your wallet has been found（现完成时）
By the time we got there The work had been finished（完成时）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma（时）
Your watch will be repaired（般时）
教学难点：
英语里动词物动词面宾语没动语态动词动语态没动语态
appear die happen fall arrive
2五种时态动语态举例
① 般现时
A lot of books are kept in our school library
Radio is used in everyday life
② 般时
A thief was caught last night
They were asked to speak at the meeting
③ 现进行时
A new library is being put up in their school now
The watch is being repaired
④ 般时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon
The thieves will be arrested
⑤ 现完成时
My bag has been stolen
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year
3动语态变动语态
① 动结构宾语变动结构语
② 动结构谓语动词动语态变动语态
③ 动结构语变介词by宾语组成介词短语放动结构中谓语动词动作执行者须说明必强调时by短语省略
④ 动语态动语态两种时态保持致：
We repaired the motor
The motor was repaired by us
第四十课时 动语态（二）
教学重点
动语态（二）
种形式动语态
（1）含直接宾语间接宾语动结构变动结构时中宾语变语动般动结构间接宾语变动结构语样句子显然：
He showed me his pictures
I was shown his pictures by him
I was sent a birthday present (by him)
A birthday present was sent to me (by him)
（2）含复合宾语动句变动句方法
① 宾语变语宾语补足语保留动：
They call her little Li She is called little Li
He left the door open The door was left open by him
② make let hear watch see feel have notice help等动词面作宾语补足语定式般带to变动语态时面定式必须带to：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young
③ 含情态动词动语态情态动词 + be +（物动词）分词构成：
They can not find him
He can not be found
④ 短语动词动语态
般说物动词动语态物动词动作承受者许物动词加介词词类构成短语动词相物动词宾语动语态应注意短语动词分割整体变动语态时丢掉构成短语动词介词副词：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived
They will set up a new public school here
A new public school will be set up here
You must take good care of these trees
These trees must be taken good care of
动语态基法
① 知道谁动作执行者者没必指出谁动作执行者时：
Paper is made from wood
The house is quite old it was built in 1950
He was wounded in the fight
② 需强调动作承受者时：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away
He was awarded first prize in that contest
③ 语气婉转避免提方动语态修辞需动语态句子更安排：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month
Electricity is used to run machines
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第课时 名 词
概述
1名词属性：表示事物名称抽象概念词名词
2名词分普通名词专名词普通名词表示某类事物某种物体抽象概念名称：teacher desks plates milk box等专名词表示某特定事物方团体派国家机关语言节日等专名称（运）：China Chinese Saturday June Green Beijing Olympic等（专名词第字母写）
二数名词数名词
1数名词指表示事物数计量名词单复数分：glassglasses book books
2数名词指表示事物数计量
：paper rice water milk tea等
3名词特定情况数变数名词
Light travels faster than sound (light：光线数)
The lights are on (light：灯数)
4数名词量表示
数名词般法数计算前面aan数词表示数量量助容器表示
：a glass of milk four glasses of milk
a piece of paper two pieces of paper
a bag of rice three bags of rice
三数名词复数形式（识记运）
1数名词应时单复数分单数变复数规变化规变化两种
规变化
情 况
变化形式
例词
般情况
加s
girls books
sxchsh结尾名词
加es
classes boxes watchesbrushes
辅音字母加y结尾名词
变yi 加es
citycities babybabies
ffe结尾名词
变ffev 加es
knifeknives leafleaves
O结尾名词
potatoes tomatoesphotos kilos bamboos radios
2少数名词规变化形式
policemanpolicemen manmen womanwomen
toothteeth footfeet sheepsheep deerdeer
Japanese Japanese Chinese Chinese fish fish
四名词格（运）
名词格表示关系形式构成变化
1单数名词变格需词尾加 ’ s
2复数名词词尾已s需加 ’
3复数名词词尾没 s 应加’ s
4果表示某物两第二面加’ s
：Da Mao and Xiao Mao’s room
果两面加 ’ s
：Li Lei’s and Tom’s mother
5名词格结构通常表示生命名词表示时间距离点等表示生命名词关系of表示
the windows of house the picture of the family
of 结构生命名词格
a friend of my sister’s a book of his
第二课时 冠 词（）
概述
冠词种虚词句子中重读身独立汉语中没词类学冠词时注意种加名词前帮助说明名词指事物词表示数量时数词区表示数量意义没one强学中注意区
二冠词定义
冠词置名词前说明名词表示事物种虚词离开名词单独存冠词两种：
种定冠词(the Definite Article)the
种定冠词(the Indefinite Article) a an
三定冠词法
a辅音音素起首单词前an元音音素起首单词前
1第次提某某物时aan起介绍作：
What is this It is a bus
Who is she She is a doctor
2表示泛指类物
A snake is a coldblood animal
A plane is a machine that can fly
3表示某类事物：
She is a teacher That is an apple
There is an elephant in the zoo
4某词组该词组缺少组成部分：
a long time a little a few
at a time have a try take a chance
5表示意思：
three times a day four yuan a dozen
6抽象名词前抽象名词具体化：
I am quite at a loss
The little child is a joy to his parents
7物质名词前物质名词普通化：
He drew out a tin of pineapple
They made a fire to get warm
注意：
1定冠词an元音（字母发音）起首名词元音起首词前定冠词a辅音起首名词辅音起首词前
2uh时单词中发元音时读作辅音发音：
I have been waiting for an hour
He is an honest young fellow
A hammer is a useful fool
3英语中字母f h l m n s x前头第音元音单独作缩略词第字母时应an：
There is an n in the word no
An MP means a member of parliament
第三课时 冠 词（二）
定冠词法
定冠词the this that these those等意思单数复数名词前特指事物区名事物
1指前文已提事物：
I wrote an article The article was about physics
2指说话知道事物：
Please close the door before you leave
Let’s go to the classroom
3名词定语修饰时须定冠词the表示特指意义：
The book on the desk is his
The teacher who talked with you is her mother
4世界独二事物前：
the sun the moon the earth the sky the world
5序数词前面表示序：
I live on the fourth floor
My mother is always the first one to come and the last one to leave
6词连构成固定词组：
on the left in the north in the front of
7表示乐器名称名词前定冠词：
the piano the violin
8形容词副词高级前面：
This was the most interesting voyage we had ever had
He is the tallest of us
9形容词前面表示复数意义某类事物：
the rich the poor the young the living
the new the right the true the beautiful
10表示江河山脉海湾海峡沙漠等专名词前加定冠词：
the Changjiang River the Nile
the Alps the Himalayas
11年代代时代名词前：
the Qin Dynasty the Ming Dynasty
in the 50’s the spring period
12表示姓氏名词复数形式连表示某姓氏家夫妇二：
the Lis the Martins
二冠词情况
1特殊情况外专名词抽象名词物质名词前加冠词：
Man is mortal
Miss Smith came in power at last
2名词前已this that my his any every some no those these等词修饰时格修饰时必加冠词：
She is my sister
This article you had written is very wonderful
3交通工具学科名称等名词前加冠词：
by plane by boat Chinese Physics
4节日假日星期月份季节等名词前加冠词：
National Day May Day
Autumn January
5日三餐体育类等名词前加冠词：
He prefers milk and egg for breakfast
He preferred to play football and I’d rather play tennis
6唯职务头衔名词前加冠词：
He is elected manager of our company
People elected him president of that country last year
7报纸标题图说明文章题目标志广告前加冠词：
Worker’s Mind
Notes on the Study of Hong Lou Meng
8固定词组中加冠词：
at home by mistake learn by heart
at first at last at once
by sea day and night
第四课时 代 词（）
概述
代词代名词名词短语词
代词分类：
称代词：表示词称代词
物代词：表示关系代词分形容词性物代词名词性物代词
反身代词：表示动作反射执行者身加强语气代词
指示代词：表示代名词代形容词词
定代词：表示指明代特定名词代词
疑问代词：表示代物含疑问语气代词
二称代词
称
数
格
第称
第二称
第三称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
格
I
we
you
you
he she it
they
宾格
me
us
you
you
him herit
them
称代词句中作语宾语表语
1格句中作语宾格句中作宾语
She gave these books to you and me
You must look after them
2列代词作语时I 放序
You he and I are going to spend the winter holidays in Beijing
三物代词
物代词包括形容词性物代词名词性物代词两种称数清变化形式
称
数
类
第称
第二称
第三称
单数
复数
单数
复数
单数
复数
形容词性
my
our
your
your
his her its
their
名词性
mine
ours
yours
yours
his hersits
theirs
形容词性物代词作定语修饰名词：
my watch your books their names
名词性物代词句中单独作作语宾语表语面名词英语中说：位朋友a friend of mine
结构中常the 代物代词
He had a cold in the head（the意思his）
My mother took me by the arm （the意思her）
四反身代词
单数
myself
yourself
himself herself itself
复数
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
反身代词句中加强语气作宾语位语
He himself has finished it （作位语）
He has taught himself Russian for 5 years （作宾语）
I did it mysldf （加强语气）
某固定结构：by oneself fo oneself among themselves
They made the machine all by themselves
He cooked a meal for himself
第五课时 代 词（二）
指示代词
指示代词：this that these those
this these 表示指
that those表示远指
注意：电话语里面this代that代方：
who’s that This is Tom speaking
二定代词
英语中定代词：all each every both either neither one none little(a little) few(a few) many much other another some any nosome any no every构成代词
1）both all
both 指两者all指三者三者：
Both of us are right
All of you are good at playing basketball
all 组成固定短语 all day all this all the time等
2) either neither
either 指两者中……属部分否定neither两者中……属全部否定
Either of the books will do
Neither of the answers is right
either出现否定句子里neither进行句型转换：
Tom hasn’t been to America Jim hasn’t either
Neither Tom nor Jim has been to America
neither (nor) 表示……构成neither (nor) +助动词+语句式
Kate isn’t a worker neither is Meimei
3) little a little few a few
little a little修饰数名词 few a few修饰数名词
little few表示否定没
a little a few表示肯定相some any
There is a little milk in the glass
There are few students in the classroom they’re in the readingroom
4) every each
every each强调every 作定语修饰名词：
The bus comes every five minutes
Each of them may come at a different time
5) some any
6) some any no every组成定代词
something someone somebody somewhere anything anyone anybody anywhere nothing none nobody nowhere everythingeveryone everybody everywhere
三疑问代词
疑问代词构成疑问句五：
who whom whose what which
第六课时 数 词
基数词
基数词表示数量
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
thirty
forty
fifty
sixty
seventy
eighty
ninety
twentyone
thirtyeight
fiftythree
a hundred
a thousand
a million
a billion
注意：表示具体数目hundren thousand million等均复数百位数十位数间通常加连词and十位数位数间加连字符
二序数词
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
thirtieth
fortieth
fiftieth
sixtieth
seventieth
eightieth
ninetieth
hundredth
twentyfirst
ninetyninty
a hundred and fiftythird
序数词缩写形式：阿拉伯数字加序数词两字母
first1st second 2nd tenth 10th
三时间年月日表示法
1时间均基数词表示：
1）读法先说点钟说分钟：
215 two fifteen 620 six twenty
2）逆读法
30分钟：分钟数+ past +钟点数：
320 twenty past three 210 ten past two
半时 half15分钟 a quarter
215 a quarter past two 330 half past three
30分钟外：分钟数+ to + 钟点：
435 twentyfive to five 255 five to three
2）年月日表示法
年份读法月日读法年月日起读法
四分数表示法
分数中表示分子数含位数时般采分子（基数词）+分母（序数词）表示（分子1时分母序数词复数）：
onethird twothirds three twentyseconds
五数词名词搭配
1）数词名词连时次序名词+基数词
Lesson 15 Room 1506 者the + 序数词 + 名词
The Fifteenth Lesson the third floor
2）数词时搭配
two hours and a half three hours
half an hour
第七课时 形容词
概述
形容词修饰名词说明事物特征句中作定语表语宾语补足语
The beautiful girl is Tom’s sister（充定语）
Three is nothing serious is there（充定语修饰定代词形容词短语放定代词）
The shoes in the shop were not very expensive（作表语）
The old are looked after well（形容词定冠词the连时表示类物谓语动词复数形式）
二形容词较级高级形式
1绝部分双音节形容词单音节形容词较等级变化规变化
情 况
变 化 形 式
举 例
般情况
词尾直接加er est
small smaller smallest
e结尾词
词尾加 –r st
large larger largest
辅音字母+y结尾
变yi加 er est
happy happier happiest
元音字母加辅音字母结尾重读闭音节
该辅音字母双写加
er est
fat – fatter – fattest
thin – thinner – thinnest
big – bigger – biggest
hot – hotter hottest
2部分双音节音节形容词较级高级变化形式音节形容词前加moremost
beautiful – more beautiful – most beautiful
useful – more useful – most useful
3规形容词较级高级形式：
good well – better – best bad ill – worse – worst
many much – more – most little – less – least
far – farther further – farthest furthest
三形容词较等级法
1AB时as（副）…as（介连）…中间形容词副词原级表示甲乙某方面样
He is as tall as I (me)
2A≠Bnot as(so)…as… 表示甲乙某方面样
He is not so tall as I He is shorter than I I’m taller than he
The boy isn’t as careful as that one
This boy isn’t as careful than that one
3较级+than 形式
This lesson is more difficult than that one
She is fatter than Kate
4the+高级+(in of)短语
Miss Zhou is one of the most popular in our class
He is the oldest of the three
of 常名词复数表示数量词连表示…中in常表示范围场名词连…范围中
四形容词较级特殊法
1）more and more较级连表示越越……
In spring the weather gets warmer and warmer
He is getting busier and busier
2）The more … the more 越…越…
The larger the bus is the more people it can carry
The farther away an object is from us the smaller it looks
3）较级形式表达高级：
较级+than any other+名词单数
较级+than the other+名词复数
He is clever than any other boy
He is the clevest of all the boys
He is clever than the other boys
4修饰较级副词much even quite a little a lot等表示甚表示程度
第八课时 副 词
概述
副词修饰动词形容词副词词表示动作特征状态特征某种性质程度
二副词分类
时间副词点副词方式副词疑问副词程度副词
1时间副词：时间副词表达涵包括回答什时候常否
A how then yesterday last time today just now later on so far ago
B always often usually sometimes never hardly ever
C already yet late early soon at once at last finally at first since
2点副词：表示点位置关系副词
A here there home anywhere everywhere
B above below down up out in across back over round away near
注：B类中表示位置副词时作介词
：come in please They live in the next room
3方式副词：badly carefully politely sadly suddenly happily well fast high hard
4 程度副词：常见 much a little a bit very even so too enough quite rather completely terribly nearly hardly not at all副词修饰形容词副词动词加强语气
5 疑问副词：引导特殊问句时引导时间状语句宾语句
疑问副词：how when where why who
6部分副词法：
1）too either also表示
tooeither句末too肯定句中either否定句般疑问句中also放句子中BE动词前实义动词
2）so neither倒装句开头
so接肯定句表示样句式：so+助动词+语
neither接否定句面表示没……
句式：neither+助动词+语
I have read the book so has he
Jim didn’t win the game neither did Tom
3）already yet
already yet通常现完成时中already肯定句yet否定句疑问句中
He has already finished his homework
Jim hasn’t come back yet
7副词较等级
副词形容词样较级高级变化形式形容词较较级高级样
第九课时 介 词
知识概述
介词种虚词般句子中重读单独充句子成分介词宾语起构成介词短语句子中作状语定语表语
介词称前置词般位名词代词前面表示该词句子成分关系学介词时重掌握介词法动介词组搭配时间介词方位介词方介词位置介词成语介词动介词静介词较区
二介词定义句法功
介词种虚词句中单独作句子成分表示名词相名词词语句子成分关系介词名词相名词词组短语句称介词宾语介词介词宾语起构成介词短语介词短语句中作定语状语表语宾语补足语
The boy over there is my brother（作定语）
A friend in need is a friend indeed（作定语）
I shall meet you at the entrance of Qianmen Hotel（作点状语）
To their surprise they saw not locusts but seagulls（作原状语）
I’ll be in the office every afternoon（作表语）
He isn’t at home（作表语）
The farmer made the king out of the water（作宾语补足语）
I found everything in good order（作宾语补足语）
三介词词类固定搭配
介词动词形容词名词等常构成固定搭配说词面常常求定介词
1形容词介词固定搭配
形容词面求固定介词类介词常见：
about at for from in of to with
（1） 形容词+about
careful about hopeful about sure about
He is careless about his clothes
（2）形容词 +at
good at surprised at angry at
（3）形容词 + for
famous for ready for sorry for
I’m terrible sorry for telling him the truth
（4）形容词 + from
different from safe from
He was absent from class this morning
My sister is different from me in many ways
（5）形容词 + in
interested in successful in
He is interested in making model ships
2名词介词固定搭配
（1） 名词 + for
He made up an excuse for being late
Did you find the cause for your failure
（2） 名词 + in
He has some difficulty in translating the book
She has made great progress in English
（3） 名词 + of
She found another way of solving the problem
He forms a bad habit of getting up late
（4） 名词 + on
There have been several attacks on foreigners recently
Have pity on me
（5） 名词 + with
I wanted to have a talk with you
He is always getting into trouble with the police
第十课时 连 词
知识概述
连词种虚词句子中单独作句子成分没句子重音句子中起连接词词短语短语句子句子句作连词分列连词属连词两种列连词连接彼列关系词属连词引导句词
二列连词
列连词连接具列关系词短语句子列连词作分表示转折果选择联合关系等四类
表示联合关系连词常见：and not only……but also as well as both…and neither…nor…
Written English is more or less the same in both Britain and American
They were very surprised and I knew that I had done the right thing
Work hard and you’ll pass the exam
If you work hard you’ll pass the exam
While I was in the university I learned both English and Japanese
Both European and Asian speak Russia
You can’t speak both American English and British English at the same time
Neither Tom nor you are a driver
Neither I nor he has seen the play
Neither of us is a teacher
You don’t like it Neither do I
She is beautiful as well as clever
He is a great writer as well as a famous doctor
三属连词
属连词连接种句词
1连接语句表语句宾语句连词三that if whether：
Ask her if she will come with me
The reason is that she never wasted her time
I don’t know whether he had passed the exam
2引导状语句属连词
(1) 连接时间状语句属连词：since until after before when while as soon as whenever
I’ll tell you as soon as I know
(2) 连接点状语句属连词 where wherever
Sit wherever you like
I found my books where I had left them
(3) 连接步状语句属连词：although though even if however
Although she was tired she kept on working
(4) 连接原状语句属连词：as because since now that
He was absent because he was ill
(5) 连接目状语句属连词：that so that in order that
He raised his voice so that we could hear him
(6) 连接条件状语句属连词：if unless once in case
You’ll miss the train unless you hurry up
(7) 连接结果状语句属连词：so…that such…that
He came so late that he missed the class
(8) 连接较状语句属连词：as…as… not so…as… less(more)…than the …the…
This is more than I can accept
(9) 连接方式状语句属连词：as as if
It looks as if it was going to rain
第十课时 动 词（）
知识概述
英语中句子必须动词担谓语说明语什做什动词表示动作状态词动词名词代词样称数变化谓语动词称数般语称数保持致
学英语动词相学半英语语法见英语动词重性初中英语中动词分类动词时态语态动词种形式间联系非谓语动词构成法等等贯穿整初中课包括英语句型离开动词时态语态学时特注意英语中时态运语态间区
二动词分类作
动词词义句中作英语动词分行动词（实义动词）连系动词助动词情态动词
1行动词
表示动作状态独立作谓语：
She took pictures of trees
He is typing letters
行动词分物动词物动词
（1）物动词
物动词面必须宾语意思完整
I enjoyed the film very much
I gave the child another piece of cake
常见带两宾语动词：
bring build buy cook cut draw find get hand leave lend make offer pass pay read return sell show teach tell write etc
（2）物动词
身词义完整面求宾语：
Horses run fast
They work in a factory
She curled up in bed and began her book
2连系动词
（1）身词义句子中单独作谓语必须表语起构成谓语常见连系动词：be look get feel sound turn smell taste become
My father is an engineer
My brother has become a doctor
It seems that he was a millionaire
I don’t feel very well today
（2）表示感觉知觉动词连系动词feel touch sound smell
I can smell the sea
The customs officer looked carefully at their suitcases
I feel a pain in the arm
She looked worried about it
3动词介词固定搭配
动词介词搭配指列两种形式：
（1）动词+宾语+介词
The song always reminds me of my school days
Parents usually expect a lot of their children
I often take her for her sister
He hide everything from me
The headmaster praised the boy for his courage
They supplied people with enough food and drink
They presented us with a lot of flowers
The man was charged with mueder
（2）动词+反身代词+介词
dress oneself in prepare oneself for
give oneself to pride oneself on
He gives himself to pop music
She always dresses herself in white
第十二课时 动 词（二）
动词形式
数动词四种基形式：
1现式2式3分词4现分词
现式字典中形式称动词原形动词种形式构成方法动词分规动词规动词两类
1第三称单数形式加s规
动词般现时单数第三称形式构成名词复数构成法读音完全样
情 况
变化形式
例词
般情况
加s
helps makes gets
sxchsho结尾名词
加es
guesses fixes goes washes
辅音字母加y结尾名词
变yi 加es
flies cries tries studies
2动词式分词：构成动词ed形式规
（1）规变化式分词构成样加ed
构成规
动词原形
变化
般动词原形末尾加ed
look play
looked played
结尾e动词加d
live hope
lived hoped
辅音字母加y动词改yi加ed
study carry
studied carried
重读闭音节写辅音字母加ed
stop drop fit
stopped dropped
fitted
（2）规动词式分词形式规查规动词变化形式表
① 动词三种形式样：
bet burst cast cost
cut hit hurt let
read shut spread
② 面易误规动词
bear bore born bite bit bitten blow blew blown
draw drew drawn drink drank drunk eat ate eaten
fly flew flown hide hid hidden lend lent lent
mean meant meant ride rode ridden rise rose risen
shake shook shaken swim swam swum tear tore torn
throw threw thrown wear wore worn
3英语动词现分词般动词末尾加ing
规
变化形式
例 词
般情况
加ing
going asking
发音e结尾
e加ing
writing closing
重读闭音节结尾
双写辅音字母加ing
getting beginning
ie结尾
先ie变y加ing
dying lying tying
第十三课时 动 词（三）
教学重点
助动词
助动词身没词义单独作谓语动词起构成谓语动词表示否定疑问时态语态等语法形式加强语气常助动词be do have shall will等具体法：
（1）助动词be
A 构成进行时态
She is doing her homework now
I asked him what he had been doing all afternoon
B 构成动语态
The baby was put in bed by his mother
The invitation was received yesterday
C 动词定式构成谓语
These books are not to be taken out of the room
She is to arrive at six this morning
（2）助动词have
A 构成完成时态
I have not seen him for three years
How long has your uncle taught in the village
He had lived in Scotland for fifteen years before he came to England
B 动词定式构成谓语表示客观环境促做事情
She had to go shopping yesterday
（3）助动词do
A 构成疑问句否定句
Did anyone sharpen this knife
I don’t think you are right
B．加强语气
I do want to have a talk with you
Do come and see me
C．代动词词组
Have you finished your work Yes I did yesterday
He plays basketball well So does his brother
（4）助动词shall
构成时态单纯表示未情况
I shall not be back tonight
We shall pay a visit to the Banpo ruins next month
（5）助动词will
构成时第二三称：
They will move to a new house
She will not eat any solid food
注意：
（1）have to must区
must情态动词意思必须应该定接动词原形Must否定形式mustn’t构成疑问句时肯定回答般must否定回答needn’tdon’t have to 表示必：
Must I do it now
Yes you must No you needn’t
have to 表示必须种时态
I missed the train so I had to take a taxi
I’m sorry I won’t go with you I’ll have to go to the bank
We don’t have to install this new television set
（2）used to 表示常常现惯否定形式 used not to usedn’t (usen’t) to didn’t use to
I used to go to work by bus Now I go by car
I used to collect stamps when I was a boy
Used they to have a lot more free time
第十四课时 动 词（四）
教学重点
情态动词
（1）情态动词表示说话某动作状态态度表示观设想情态动词词义单独作谓语动词必须带to动词定式连没称数变化常情态动词can may must will shall should would need dare
① 情态动词词义表示说话某动作状态态度观设想：
You may go now
This bus can seat 40 people
The work must be finished as soon as possible
② 情态动词单独作谓语必须带to定式连没称数变化
③ 情态动词现式式两种形式
（2）情态动词法
① may法
a 表示允许征询方许意思May not表示说话许：
You may go now
May I use you typewrite
You may not goI do not permit you to go
b 回答may引导疑问句时肯定回答yes you may否定No you mustn’t No you can’tNo you had better not
② can法
a．表示力会够意思
b 表示允许口语中代may意思
c 表示性常否定句疑问句
The hall can hold at least 200 people
The librarian said we could take these books
Today is Sunday he can’t be at school today
d canbe able to法较
can表达力时现时时两种形式时态be able to表达：
I can play piano
He has not been able to finish the work in time
③ must 法
a must表示必须应该：
Must I come to the party
The article must be completed before Friday
b must否定形式mustn’t 表示应该禁止：
You mustn’t get to school too late
Must I do it now Yes you must No you needn’t
She must have gone to Beijing
You must say sorry to me for that
You mustn’t clean only own room
④ need法
a need作情态动词否定句疑问句较少肯定句：
I needn’t wear a coat I don’t think I need wear a coat
I don’t need things like that
⑤ shall
第二第三称表示说话意愿
He shall get his money
You shall do exactly as you wish
Shall I turn on the light
Shall I poen the window
⑥ would法
表示愿决心建议法：
I would like to go there
I promised that I would do my best
表示惯
He would often come to my house to see me
第十五课时 动词时态（）
教学重点
般现时
英语中时间里方式发生动作存状态动词形式表示动词种形式称动词时态
时态时间划分分四类：现时时时时行类分四种形式：般式进行式完成式完成进行式样英语动词合起总十六种时态初中需掌握中八种时态
1般现时
（1）般现时表示现状态惯性动作语具备性格力等
① 动词be时第称am第二称is称are
② 动词实义动词时般动词原形果语第三称单数时动词必须第三称单数形式变化规：
变化规
例 词
般动词词尾加s
makes drives
s x ch sh o结尾动词加es
guesses goes
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加es
carries flies
助动词do（第三称单数does）构成否定句疑问句答语注意助动词原谓语动词恢复原形例：
I like music I don’t like music
Do you like music Yes I do No I don’t
（2）般现时法
① 表示常惯性动作常often usually every day sometimes always等时间状语连：
He goes to school by bus every day
They often play football
② 表示力职业特征：
Miss Gao teaches English
Do you speak Japanese
③ 表示客观存：
The earth moves round the sun
Time and tide wait for no man
④ 表示已安排计划事
The plane takes off at 730
Classes begin at 800
⑤ 时间状语条件状语句中句般时句般现时：
If I see him I’ll tell him to give you a call
We’ll wait until he comes back
注意：
a 般现时常见时间状语：always often usually sometimes seldom ever never every day now and then from time to time
b 现进行时时代般现时表示常性重复动作状态时句中常带always forever表示说话某种感情赞叹厌烦等：
He is always thinking of others
He is always talking big
第十六课时 动词时态（二）
教学重点
般时
般时
（1）般时表示某时间发生动作存状态
① 动词be动词时应该相应式：
am is was are were
否定形式：was not wasn’t were not weren’t
疑问句was were 置语前
I was in Grade Three last term
I wasn’t in Grade Two last term
Which grade were you in
② 动词实义动词时动词式式变化规规变化规变化：
变化规
例词
般情况词尾加ed
worked
e结尾词尾加d
used lived
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加ed
studied carried
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ed
stopped fitted
动词式规变化需逐记忆见初三教材规动词变化形式表
go went begin began sleep slept run ran
I heard the good news just now
The twins didn’t go to school last week
Did you see the film yesterday
（2）般时法
① 表示某时间段时间发生动作存状态常表示状语连：yesterday last week a minute ago in 1998 just now in those days等例：
They had a baby last month
My mother was ill yesterday
He went out just now
② since引导句句谓语动词果现完成时since引导句般般时：
He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990
You haven’t changed much since we last met
注意：
a 表示时间状语常见：yesterday last night(week year month Sunday) then at that time just now a few days(weeks months) agoafter before when while引导表示时间状语
b 般时表示现时间 日常会话语气较婉转客气：
I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike
第十七课时 动词时态（三）
教学重点
般时 时
般时
（1）般时表示发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连：tomorrow next week next month in a few days from now on
I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday
I’ll be there in half an hour
We’ll arrive tomorrow
（2）般时构成
① be going to + 动词原形Be语称数变化变化否定句be面加not 疑问句be放语例：
It’s going to be fine tomorrow
He isn’t going to speak at the meeting
What are you going to do next
② will +动词原形Will种称数语连否定句will加not缩写成won’t疑问句需will提语前例：
We will have a basketball match next week
Will you come to the party
I son’t lend it to you
③ shall + 动词原形结构常语第称I we句中疑问句表示提建议征求意见：
When and where shall we meet
Shall I turn on the TV
（3） 般时基法
① be going to +动词原形表示意图算计划做某事：
Are you going to post the letter
How long is he going to stay here
② be going to + 动词原形表示预见现已迹象表明发生事：
There are a lot of clouds It’s going to rain
It’s 750 I’m going to be late
③ will + 动词原形表示客观发生事表示带意愿色彩：
He will help you if you ask him
They will come back tomorrow
时
时表示某时间发生动作存状态常宾语句中结构般时类似需助动词改式
am is are going to + 动词原形→was were going to + 动词原形
will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形
例：
You knew I would come
He asked me when he would see me again
Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day
第十八课时 动词时态（四）
教学重点
现进行时 进行时
1现进行时
（1）现进行时表示现现阶段正发生进行动作be + 动词现分词构成否定句be加not疑问句be提语前
（2） 现分词构成
变化规
例词
般情况直接加ing
do—doing help helping
发音e结尾e加ing
taketaking have having
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ing
stop stopping set setting
beginbeginning dropdropping
（3）现进行时法
① 表示说话时正进行动作：
What are you doing Who are you waiting for
I’m cooking
② 表示现阶段直进行动作说话时定进行：
He is working in a factory She is translating look now
③ 表示断重复动作：
The boy is always asking some strange questions
The children are singing and dancing
④ 表示位置移动动词现进行时表示发生事go come leave fly start等：
When are you starting I’m leaving tomorrow
2进行时
进行时表示某时刻正进行动作
进行时常表示时间状语连：this time yesterday at that time then last night at 900 yesterday all night等构成现进行时类似需be变相应式：was were + 动词ing：
What were you doing this time yesterday
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
I was watching TV
I was writing while my mother was cooking
教学难点：
① 进行时表示动作发生时发生动作正进行进行时表示段时间持续发生动作：
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
花园浇水时突然雨
While we were having a party the lights went out
② 进行时表示两动作时进行时连接词while引导：
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio
③ was going + 定式表示算
He was going to be our team leader 原算领队
④ 进行时般区
进行时表示段时间正进行动作般时表示完成动作：
I was typing letters last night
I typed some letters last night
第十九课时 动词时态（五）
教学重点
现完成时（）
现完成时
（1）现完成时表示某动作发生现影响（结果）动作状态已结束持续
构成形式： have has + 动词分词
否定句have has 加not→haven’t hasn’t
疑问句have has放语前
（2）现完成时法
① 表示发生动作现造成影响结果常时间状语：already yet ever never just等：
I have already finished the work
Have you ever been to Beijing
He has never seen such a nice car
② 表示已开始持续现动作状态表示段时间状语连：
for + 时间段
since + 时间点（表时间段）时间段+ago般时态：
I have taught in this school for ten years
I have taught in this school since ten years ago
③ forsince引导短语表示段时间谓语动词应该延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词表示该动词延续段时间：live work study teach stay等非延续性动词指该动词表示动作持续短暂瞬间完成：borrow come arrive get leave die等
许非延续性动词意思相相延续性动词表示：
leave be away from arrive be in
go be away come be in at finish be over
buy have borrow keep die be dead
join be inbe a member of begin be on
：He has gone He has been away for an hour
I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days
④ have has been to have has gone to
have has been to ：
have has gone to ：已（说话现场途中已达）
My mother has been to America 妈妈美国
My mother has gone to America 妈妈已美国
（3）现完成时般时法较
① 般时单纯表示现发生联系确定表示时间状语连现完成时表示某完成动作现造成影响结果强调现情况确定时间状语连：
We have visited the farm（现农场解）
We visited the farm last week（说明周参观农场件事）
② 果询问某事发生时间点般时：
When did you lose your cat
I lost it last night I found it in the garden
第二十课时 动词时态（六）
教学重点
现完成时（二） 完成时
现完成时难点：
① since引导时间状语句通常完成时态
He has taught English since 1970
It has been a long time since I last saw you
② It is …since…种结构中句谓语般现时现完成时般时：
It’s ten years since I left school
It’s a long time since I saw you last
③ 表示短暂性动词表示段时间状语连类动词：
begin borrow buy close come die fall find finish
join kill lend leave sell start stop等：
说：His father has died for three years
说：His father died three years ago
说：He has left home for two months
说：He left home two months ago
④ 非延续性动词否定形式表示状态延续for since时间状语连：
I haven’t seen him for a long time
I haven’t heard from him since he left
She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job
⑤ have(has) been have (has) gone区
Have been to a place意思表示某处现have gone to意思表示已某现途中已：
Has she ever been to Nanjing
You have never been there before have you
I have been to Guilin I went there last year
总have been to讲情况强调没着重目前止结果have gone to指现第三称第第二称代have been to
2完成时
（1）完成时表示某时间前已发生动作存状态结构：had + 动词分词否定疑问句现完成时样
（2）法
① 表示某时间动作前已发生完成动作：
The meeting had begun when we got there
He said he had seen the film
② 表示某动作某时间已开始直延续时间常forsince引导时间状语连：
The film had been on for tem minutes when we got there
She said that she had made much progress since she came here
第二十课时 动词时态致
教学重点
时态致
时态致指复合句中句句间时态致通常句时态决定句时态原：句现时时句谓语根具体情况时态句谓语时句必须时态表：
句谓语
句谓语
含 义
般现时
现进行时般现时
句动作时发生
般时willcanmay+动词
表示句动作句动作发生
般时
表示句动作句动作前发生
现完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
般时
进行时般时
表示句动作时发生
wouldcouldmight + 动词
表示句动作句发生
完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
教学难点
1宾语句间接引语句时态致符合述原果宾语句表示客观事实真理句谓语时句谓语应该般现时：：
Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous
老师告诉知半解危险
He said that light travels faster than sound
说光传播速度声音快
2形容词句种句常成宾语句句时态符合述原形容词：afraid glad sure sorry certain aware confident delighted lucky surprised worried：
I’m sure that he will succeed
3语句表语句位语句句时态致：
That is why he was late for school
例题：
1 Miss Gao isn’t here She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown
A went B has gone C has been D would go
2 ________ a letter from him since he left
A haven’t got B didn’t receive C didn’t have D haven’t feel
3 When I came in they______ games in the room
A were playing B are playing C played D plays
4 Hurry up The play ________ for ten minutes
A has begun B had begun C has been on D began
第二十二课时 动语态（）
教学重点
动语态
英语中须通动词某种形式表明句子语动作执行者动作承受者前种句子动句种动句
英语动词两种语态形式动语态动语态果语动作执行者谓语动词动语态果语动作象谓语动词动语态：
They build this school
They school is built by them
1动语态构成
助动词 +（物动词）分词构成动词动语态形式助动词be称数时态变化变化规be作系动词变化完全样：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou（般现时）
The thief was arrested（般时）
A new road is being built outside my house（现进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police（进行时）
Your wallet has been found（现完成时）
By the time we got there The work had been finished（完成时）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma（时）
Your watch will be repaired（般时）
教学难点：
英语里动词物动词面宾语没动语态动词动语态没动语态
appear die happen fall arrive
2五种时态动语态举例
① 般现时
A lot of books are kept in our school library
Radio is used in everyday life
② 般时
A thief was caught last night
They were asked to speak at the meeting
③ 现进行时
A new library is being put up in their school now
The watch is being repaired
④ 般时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon
The thieves will be arrested
⑤ 现完成时
My bag has been stolen
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year
3动语态变动语态
① 动结构宾语变动结构语
② 动结构谓语动词动语态变动语态
③ 动结构语变介词by宾语组成介词短语放动结构中谓语动词动作执行者须说明必强调时by短语省略
④ 动语态动语态两种时态保持致：
We repaired the motor
The motor was repaired by us
第二十三课时 动语态（二）
教学重点
动语态（二）
种形式动语态
（1）含直接宾语间接宾语动结构变动结构时中宾语变语动般动结构间接宾语变动结构语样句子显然：
He showed me his pictures
I was shown his pictures by him
I was sent a birthday present (by him)
A birthday present was sent to me (by him)
（2）含复合宾语动句变动句方法
① 宾语变语宾语补足语保留动：
They call her little Li She is called little Li
He left the door open The door was left open by him
② make let hear watch see feel have notice help等动词面作宾语补足语定式般带to变动语态时面定式必须带to：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young
③ 含情态动词动语态情态动词 + be +（物动词）分词构成：
They can not find him
He can not be found
④ 短语动词动语态
般说物动词动语态物动词动作承受者许物动词加介词词类构成短语动词相物动词宾语动语态应注意短语动词分割整体变动语态时丢掉构成短语动词介词副词：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived
They will set up a new public school here
A new public school will be set up here
You must take good care of these trees
These trees must be taken good care of
动语态基法
① 知道谁动作执行者者没必指出谁动作执行者时：
Paper is made from wood
The house is quite old it was built in 1950
He was wounded in the fight
② 需强调动作承受者时：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away
He was awarded first prize in that contest
③ 语气婉转避免提方动语态修辞需动语态句子更安排：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month
Electricity is used to run machines
第二十四课时 非谓语动词（）
教学重点
动词定式
英语中充句子谓语动词作非谓语动词非谓语动词受语限制没时态语态非限定动词非限定动词三种形式：动词定式动名词分词
1动词定式
（1）动词定式构成性质
动词定式种非谓语动词谓非谓语动词作谓语动词正受语称数限制没称数变化具动词某特征带宾语状语构成定式短语构成：to + 动词原形否定式not to +动词原形to定式符号词义
（2）动词定式法
动词定式作谓语外作语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语
① 作语
To learn English well is not easy
To drive fast is quite dangerous
定式作语时常常it作形式语定式放谓语两例句写成：
It is not easy to learn English well
It is quite dangerous to drive fast
种法纳成样句型：
It is (not) + 形容词 + (for sb) to do sth
It is very expensive for me to buy a car
It is very difficult for a child to do that job
形容词of + 名词（代词宾语）+定式：
It is very kind of you to say so It is very good of you to come
② 作表语：
My job is to teach English The first thing is to ring him up
③ 作宾语：
She wanted to ask you a question He forgot to turn off the light
We decided to hold a class meeting
常见定式作宾语动词：like love begin start try ask prefer hate find等形容词接定式种定式作宾语：
I’m very glad to see you He’s sure to come
④ 作宾语补足语
定式补充说明宾语通常定式动作宾语发出带定式作宾补动词：ask sb To do sth want sb To do sth
tell sb To do sth like sb To do sth help sb (to) do sth动词省略to定式作宾语补足语：hear watch see feel make let have等：
I often help my mother do housework
The policeman asked the driver to stop
The teacher asked us not to talk in class
I want you to buy some bananas for me
We saw him play football We felt the house shake
⑤ 作定语：常常放修饰名词代词：
I have a lot of of work to do He wants something to drink
⑥ 作状语：
He went to the station to meet his friend（表目）
She has gone to the market to buy some vegetables（表目）
I’m so glad to hear that you have passed the exam（表原）
The boy is too young to go to school（表结果）
（3）疑问词加动词定式
疑问代词when who which疑问副词when where why how等加动词定式句中作语宾语表语等成分：
I’m don’t know how to use the computer（作宾语）
We can’t decide which one to buy（作宾语）
The question is how to get there（作表语）
When to start has not been decided（作语）
第二十五课时 非谓语动词（二）
教学重点
动名词
动名词具名词特性句子里起语宾语介词宾语作
（1）动名词作语
般情况表示种抽象泛指动作次性具体动作动名词作语时常采形式语it
Swimming in this river is dangerous
It is dangerous swimming in this river
（2）动名词作宾语
英语中动词接动名词作宾语接定式动词：
admit（承认） avoid（避开） can’t help（禁住）
consider（考虑） deny（否认） enjoy（喜欢）
excuse（原谅） finish（完成） mind（介意）
practise（练） miss（错） suggest（建议）
I can’t help laughing
I enjoyed reading this novel
教学难点
动名词定式作直接宾语较
① remember doing sth 表示记午做件事
remember to do sth 表示记做某事
I remember seeing the man before
② forget doing sth 表示忘记做某事
forget to do sth 表示忘记做某事
I forgot to turn off the lights when I left the room
③ regret doing sth 表示做件事情悔
regret to do sth 表示没做正做事情感悔抱歉：
I regret telling you the bad news
I regret to say I’m unable to help you
④ stop doing sth 表示停止正做事情
stop to do sth 表示停做件事情：
We stopped to see what happened
Let’s stop talking about it
⑤ try doing sth 表示尝试着做某事
try to do sth 表示设法做某事：
I’ll try doing it in a new way
I once tried to learn Japanese
⑥ mean doing sth 表示意味着意思
mean to do sth 表示算想做某事：
Giving up the job means missing a good opportunity
放弃份工作意味着错机会
I mean to help him with it
⑦ prefer to do sth ……rather than do sth
prefer doing sth to doing sth 表示喜欢做件事喜欢做件事：
I prefer working to staying at home
This pair of shoes needs repairing
The walls of the room want whitewashing
第二十六课时 句子类型（）
教学重点
句子类型：陈述句
陈述句（包括肯定否定）叙述项事实陈述句结构分肯定结构否定结构两种
1陈述句肯定结构
（1）语谓语致句子中谓语动词语称数必须致：
I was having dinner when he came in
He is now working at a bank
①谓语语中心词保持致修饰词影响语数：
The quality of this kind of bike is poor
There be结构倒装句中谓语通常放语前面时谓语单数复数面语定：
There is no milk in the bottle
There are no students iin the classroom
②one of ……结构作语谓语应该单数：
One of the students is absent
Making things is a good activity
What hurt her most is his words
③and连接两两名词both…and…连接两成分作语谓语动词通常复数形式：
Susan and Sally like pop music
The worker and the peasant are going to give us a talk
④单数名词面面词语修饰时语受词词组影响
with… like… as well as… together with…
He as well as his classmates likes popular songs
Mr Li together with his wife and two songs is on holiday these days
⑤连词either…or…neither…nor…not only…but also…also nor or连接两名词代词谓语动词形式应语保持致
Neither I nor my brother is good at maths
Either you or I’m wrong
注意：表示数量时间距离金钱等复数名词作语时谓语动词般单数形式数学运算数字作语谓语通常单数形式：
Ten pounds is enough Two hours is a long time
2陈述句否定形式
（1）带系动词助动词情态动词肯定句not never加动词面肯定句变否定no通常否定名词动名词
I’m not a doctor I haven’t got a camera
I have never met him before
（2）谓语行动词前面没助动词情态动词谓语动词前加助动词do( does did ) not行
I didn’t go to the concert yesterday
He doesn’t speak English
（3）no修饰复数名词作语谓语动词复数果no修饰单数名词作语谓语动词单数：
No men are admitted No man is admitted
（4）表示部分否定词：not all not everything not everybody not everywhere not both not always
Not everybody enjoys fishing
Not everything goes well
第二十七课时 句子类型（二）
教学重点
句子类型：疑问句
疑问句提出疑问句子疑问句末尾问号？疑问句般分：般疑问句特殊疑问句选择疑问句反意疑问句
1般疑问句
(1) 含系动词助动词情态动词陈述句改疑问句：动词提语前面句末问号
Are you a policeman Must I go now
(2) 果谓语行动词前面没助动词情态动词时助动词do ( does did )构成疑问句
Does he often write to you
Did you enjoy yourself last Sunday
2特殊疑问句
(1) 特殊疑问句疑问词+般疑问句构成中般疑问句采取倒装部分倒装形式
(2) 特殊疑问句疑问词通常分疑问代词疑问副词两种
3选择疑问句
结构般疑问句 + or + 般疑问句回答类问题时选择中种具体进行回答
Is her brother a doctor or a teacher
Her brother a doctor
4反意疑问句
反意疑问句陈述句简略形式疑问句构成中间逗号隔开通常两种形式：
① 陈述句谓语肯定形式 + 疑问句谓语否定形式
He is stupid isn’t he
② 陈述句谓语否定形式 + 疑问句谓语肯定形式
He doesn’t like sports does he
(5) 果陈述部分复合句疑问部分谓语应该语谓语形式样
You never told us you are the headmaster did you
注意：
① used to句中时usen’t usedn’t引起反意疑问句He used to swim in winter didn’t he
He used to swim in winter usen’t he
② 陈述句中语everybody everyone anyone nobody none no one时疑问部分通常they代
Everybody admires him don’t they
③ 果陈述句部分已表示否定意义词never nothing hardly疑问部分应该肯定形式
He never speaks loudly does he
④ 陈述句部分语everything nothing anything something时疑问部分语it
Something is wrong with the machine isn’t it
Everything is in good order isn’t it
⑤ 祈句反意疑问句部分shall will
Let’s表示第称祈句反意疑问句shall we let me let us表示第二称祈句反意疑问句will you行动词引起祈句反意疑问句will you祈句反意疑问句通常肯定形式
Let’s go for a walk shall we
Let’s stop for a rest will you
⑥ 感叹句反意疑问句be现时感叹heyou等事物感叹it疑问部分必须否定式
What a clever boy isn’t he
What a wonderful lecture isn’t it
第二十八课时 句子类型（三）
教学重点
句子类型：祈句 感叹句
祈句表示请求命令建议等等谓语动词律原形句中通常语句末惊叹号者句号
1肯定祈句
(1) 句型：动词原形……（省略语）：
Look at these holes Please keep the classroom quiet
(2) 时加强语气动词前加do
Do be quiet Do study hard
(3) 祈句中果呼语定逗号隔开放句首句尾Come here Li Ming
2否定祈句
(1) 句型：Don’g + 动词原形……
Don’t make the same mistake
Don’t look out of the windows
(2) 祈句陈述句改写
祈句You must ……
Be quiet you must be quiet
Don’t make any noise You mustn’t make any noise
Please + 祈句 Will you please ……？
Please read after me Will you please read after me
3祈句Let…句型
Let作动词常常祈句表达意义相
Let表示建议面第称代词作宾语
Let’s go to school together Let me try again
Let表示间接命令愿面接第三称代词作宾语
Let him work out the problem by himself
Let Li Ping be monitor
感叹句表示说话时惊讶喜悦气愤等情绪带强烈感情色彩感叹句两种：
What + 名词词组
What a beautiful day it is
How + 形容词副词
How well they have learned English
How well he swims
注意：
What 修饰单数数名词时果名词形容词修饰how引导感叹句定冠词a an放形容词面
What a beautiful park
How beautiful a park it is
补充练
求进行句型转换
1 We have many cakes for supper （变否定疑问句）
2 I would like a cup of tea please （变般疑问句）
3 He is a teacher (a student) （改选择疑问句）
4 It is a nice box （改感叹句）
5 The workers are working hard （改感叹句）
6 Tom is sitting on the desk （改否定祈句）
7 Everything is ready ___________ （改反意疑问句）
8 This isn’t your book _____________
9 Don’t look out of the window _____________
第二十九课时 句子分类（）
教学重点
简单句简单句五种基句型
1SVC结构（语+系动词+表语）
种句型中动词必须系动词动词表语表语名词（词组）形容词（词组）副词（词组）等：
The teacher is kind She looks fine
My son became a doctor at last
系动词be外常见keep look feel smell sound taste grow get go turn
2SV结构（语+物动词）
(1) 结构中动词物动词动词边没宾语：
My head aches He is singing
(2) 动词边必须带状语否意思明确：
The professor lives in Beijing
We stayed in China for a few days
常见物动词：sleep walk swim happen take place go come work laugh stay
3SVO结构（语+物动词+宾语）
结构中谓语动词必须物动词动词边宾语
He can drive a car They speak English
物动词面加介词副词成物动词时边接宾语
Please listen to me carefully
4SVOO结构（语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语）
(1) 双宾语结构 结构中动词带双宾语（直接宾语间接宾语）物动词直接宾语指物间接宾语指常带双宾语动词：give send tell bring lend buy teach get call do ask wish offer等
He gave the inspector his passport
My father taught us English
(2) 宾语位置
间接宾语般放直接宾语前果强调间接宾语者间接宾语较长常间接宾语放直接宾语时间接宾语前面加适介词：
The old man bought his daughter a nice scarf
The old man bought a nice scarf for his daughter
Give the teacher this bookGive this book to the teacher
5SVOC结构（语+动词+宾语+宾语补足语）
种结构中宾语补足语补充说明宾语
(1) 某物动词需宾语加宾语补足语表达完整意思样宾语宾补称复合宾语名词形容词定式分词副词作宾补
(2) 常复合宾语动词：call name make think find leave keep等：
His mother finds him a clever boy
Please keep the room clean
(3) see watch look at listen to hear feel let make（） have（）等词宾补果定式担省to变动语态时to原：
I heard a man knock at the door three times
A man was heard to knock at the door three times
第三十课时 句子分类（二）
教学重点
列句 there be结构 复合句
1列句：连词连接两分句组成句子列句分句等列等重够独立成句连接分句列连词丛连词
列连词：and but or nor for while either…or… neither…now not only… but also…
连词：so however still yet then
列句中前两句根意思划分四种关系
(1) 等关系：and not only…but also neither…nor…
He could neither read nor write
He not only studies hard but also likes sports
(2) 转折关系：but yet still while when
Tom was not there but his brother was ( there )
(3) 选择关系：or either… or…
Either you didn’t understand this or you were not careful enough
(4) 果关系：for so
He hurried for it was getting dark
He liked the book very much so I gave it to him
2there be结构
英语中there + be + sb sth+ 点结构表示某处某某物There引导词身没意思be谓语动词be面语be必须语数保持致：
There is a garden behind the house
There are two books on the desk
果语部分两列语时be般邻语数保持致：
There is a cup and two books on the desk
There are five students and a teacher in the classroom
3复合句
复合句中包括两更分句中分句句余分句句句分钟句中充成分语表语宾语定语状语等句句子中作什成分什句
1语句
作语句作语句语句般作谓语动词语偶尔作分词语
(1) what that引导语句
What she likes is watching the children play
It is right that you told him the truth
(2) 连接副词whether when how where why引导语句
Why the fire broke out at night remains a mystery
Whether we can help you is a difficult question
When the meeting will be held has not been decided
2表语句
通常that what where why how等连接词引导
(1) if whether that引导表语句
The question is that we must be good at learning from others
(2) what which who等连接代词
That is what I want to tell you
The question is which of the classes we choose to be the excellent one
(3) how when where why等连接副词
The question is how we can help him
That is why he has been late
第三十课时 宾语句
知识概述
宾语句句子中句中作宾语宾语句句子作宾语宾语句位置陈述句结构中宾语相作物动词介词宾语常连词that if whether what which who whom when where how why等
教学重点
1宾语句结构
(1) that引导宾语句
that句中充句子成分起连接句句作that翻译出口语中常常省略种宾语句常陈述句
The trouble is that we are short of money
(2) 连词ifwhether引导
Whetherif句中充句子成分起连接作省略翻译否
Do you know if Mr Smith is at home
(3) 连接代词who whom whose which what连接副词when where how why等引导连接代词连接副词位句前面起连接句句作句陈述句语序
Do you know who broke the window
I don’t know when I shall finish
I wonder if the news is true
(4) 某形容词句时作宾语句afraid sure sorry glad worried aware confident angry等
They were angry that they had lost the chance
Can you tell me where the library is
I’m sorry that I’m late
2宾语句时态致
(1) 句时宾语句时态句现时时宾语句该什时态什时态
He told me that it would rain tomorrow
No one knows if he will come at all
第三十二课时 动词时态（）
教学重点
般现时
英语中时间里方式发生动作存状态动词形式表示动词种形式称动词时态
时态时间划分分四类：现时时时时行类分四种形式：般式进行式完成式完成进行式样英语动词合起总十六种时态初中需掌握中八种时态
1般现时
（1）般现时表示现状态惯性动作语具备性格力等
① 动词be时第称am第二称is称are
② 动词实义动词时般动词原形果语第三称单数时动词必须第三称单数形式变化规：
变化规
例 词
般动词词尾加s
makes drives
s x ch sh o结尾动词加es
guesses goes
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加es
carries flies
助动词do（第三称单数does）构成否定句疑问句答语注意助动词原谓语动词恢复原形例：
I like music I don’t like music
Do you like music Yes I do No I don’t
（2）般现时法
① 表示常惯性动作常often usually every day sometimes always等时间状语连：
He goes to school by bus every day
They often play football
② 表示力职业特征：
Miss Gao teaches English
Do you speak Japanese
③ 表示客观存：
The earth moves round the sun
Time and tide wait for no man
④ 表示已安排计划事
The plane takes off at 730
Classes begin at 800
⑤ 时间状语条件状语句中句般时句般现时：
If I see him I’ll tell him to give you a call
We’ll wait until he comes back
注意：
a 般现时常见时间状语：always often usually sometimes seldom ever never every day now and then from time to time
b 现进行时时代般现时表示常性重复动作状态时句中常带always forever表示说话某种感情赞叹厌烦等：
He is always thinking of others
He is always talking big
第三十三课时 动词时态（二）
教学重点
般时
般时
（1）般时表示某时间发生动作存状态
① 动词be动词时应该相应式：
am is was are were
否定形式：was not wasn’t were not weren’t
疑问句was were 置语前
I was in Grade Three last term
I wasn’t in Grade Two last term
Which grade were you in
② 动词实义动词时动词式式变化规规变化规变化：
变化规
例词
般情况词尾加ed
worked
e结尾词尾加d
used lived
辅音字母加y结尾变yi加ed
studied carried
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ed
stopped fitted
动词式规变化需逐记忆见初三教材规动词变化形式表
go went begin began sleep slept run ran
I heard the good news just now
The twins didn’t go to school last week
Did you see the film yesterday
（2）般时法
① 表示某时间段时间发生动作存状态常表示状语连：yesterday last week a minute ago in 1998 just now in those days等例：
They had a baby last month
My mother was ill yesterday
He went out just now
② since引导句句谓语动词果现完成时since引导句般般时：
He has worked in the factory since it opened in 1990
You haven’t changed much since we last met
注意：
a 表示时间状语常见：yesterday last night(week year month Sunday) then at that time just now a few days(weeks months) agoafter before when while引导表示时间状语
b 般时表示现时间 日常会话语气较婉转客气：
I wanted to ask if I could borrow your bike
第三十四课时 动词时态（三）
教学重点
般时 时
般时
（1）般时表示发生动作存状态常表示时间状语连：tomorrow next week next month in a few days from now on
I’m going to visit the museum this Sunday
I’ll be there in half an hour
We’ll arrive tomorrow
（2）般时构成
① be going to + 动词原形Be语称数变化变化否定句be面加not 疑问句be放语例：
It’s going to be fine tomorrow
He isn’t going to speak at the meeting
What are you going to do next
② will +动词原形Will种称数语连否定句will加not缩写成won’t疑问句需will提语前例：
We will have a basketball match next week
Will you come to the party
I son’t lend it to you
③ shall + 动词原形结构常语第称I we句中疑问句表示提建议征求意见：
When and where shall we meet
Shall I turn on the TV
（3） 般时基法
① be going to +动词原形表示意图算计划做某事：
Are you going to post the letter
How long is he going to stay here
② be going to + 动词原形表示预见现已迹象表明发生事：
There are a lot of clouds It’s going to rain
It’s 750 I’m going to be late
③ will + 动词原形表示客观发生事表示带意愿色彩：
He will help you if you ask him
They will come back tomorrow
时
时表示某时间发生动作存状态常宾语句中结构般时类似需助动词改式
am is are going to + 动词原形→was were going to + 动词原形
will + 动词原形→ would + 动词原形
should + 动词原形 → should + 动词原形
例：
You knew I would come
He asked me when he would see me again
Jim said he was going to see his friend the next day
第三十五课时 动词时态（四）
教学重点
现进行时 进行时
1现进行时
（1）现进行时表示现现阶段正发生进行动作be + 动词现分词构成否定句be加not疑问句be提语前
（3） 现分词构成
变化规
例词
般情况直接加ing
do—doing help helping
发音e结尾e加ing
taketaking have having
重读闭音节末尾辅音字母双写辅音字母加ing
stop stopping set setting
beginbeginning dropdropping
（3）现进行时法
① 表示说话时正进行动作：
What are you doing Who are you waiting for
I’m cooking
② 表示现阶段直进行动作说话时定进行：
He is working in a factory She is translating look now
③ 表示断重复动作：
The boy is always asking some strange questions
The children are singing and dancing
④ 表示位置移动动词现进行时表示发生事go come leave fly start等：
When are you starting I’m leaving tomorrow
2进行时
进行时表示某时刻正进行动作
进行时常表示时间状语连：this time yesterday at that time then last night at 900 yesterday all night等构成现进行时类似需be变相应式：was were + 动词ing：
What were you doing this time yesterday
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
I was watching TV
I was writing while my mother was cooking
教学难点：
① 进行时表示动作发生时发生动作正进行进行时表示段时间持续发生动作：
When I was watering the garden it began to rain
花园浇水时突然雨
While we were having a party the lights went out
② 进行时表示两动作时进行时连接词while引导：
George was reading while his wife was listening to the radio
③ was going + 定式表示算
He was going to be our team leader 原算领队
④ 进行时般区
进行时表示段时间正进行动作般时表示完成动作：
I was typing letters last night
I typed some letters last night
第三十六课时 动词时态（五）
教学重点
现完成时（）
现完成时
（1）现完成时表示某动作发生现影响（结果）动作状态已结束持续
构成形式： have has + 动词分词
否定句have has 加not→haven’t hasn’t
疑问句have has放语前
（2）现完成时法
① 表示发生动作现造成影响结果常时间状语：already yet ever never just等：
I have already finished the work
Have you ever been to Beijing
He has never seen such a nice car
② 表示已开始持续现动作状态表示段时间状语连：
for + 时间段
since + 时间点（表时间段）时间段+ago般时态：
I have taught in this school for ten years
I have taught in this school since ten years ago
③ forsince引导短语表示段时间谓语动词应该延续性动词非延续性动词延续性动词表示该动词延续段时间：live work study teach stay等非延续性动词指该动词表示动作持续短暂瞬间完成：borrow come arrive get leave die等
许非延续性动词意思相相延续性动词表示：
leave be away from arrive be in
go be away come be in at finish be over
buy have borrow keep die be dead
join be inbe a member of begin be on
：He has gone He has been away for an hour
I have bought a watch I have had the watch for several days
④ have has been to have has gone to
have has been to ：
have has gone to ：已（说话现场途中已达）
My mother has been to America 妈妈美国
My mother has gone to America 妈妈已美国
（3）现完成时般时法较
① 般时单纯表示现发生联系确定表示时间状语连现完成时表示某完成动作现造成影响结果强调现情况确定时间状语连：
We have visited the farm（现农场解）
We visited the farm last week（说明周参观农场件事）
② 果询问某事发生时间点般时：
When did you lose your cat
I lost it last night I found it in the garden
第三十七课时 动词时态（六）
教学重点
现完成时（二） 完成时
现完成时难点：
① since引导时间状语句通常完成时态
He has taught English since 1970
It has been a long time since I last saw you
② It is …since…种结构中句谓语般现时现完成时般时：
It’s ten years since I left school
It’s a long time since I saw you last
③ 表示短暂性动词表示段时间状语连类动词：
begin borrow buy close come die fall find finish
join kill lend leave sell start stop等：
说：His father has died for three years
说：His father died three years ago
说：He has left home for two months
说：He left home two months ago
④ 非延续性动词否定形式表示状态延续for since时间状语连：
I haven’t seen him for a long time
I haven’t heard from him since he left
She hasn’t left home ever since she lost her job
⑤ have(has) been have (has) gone区
Have been to a place意思表示某处现have gone to意思表示已某现途中已：
Has she ever been to Nanjing
You have never been there before have you
I have been to Guilin I went there last year
总have been to讲情况强调没着重目前止结果have gone to指现第三称第第二称代have been to
2完成时
（1）完成时表示某时间前已发生动作存状态结构：had + 动词分词否定疑问句现完成时样
（2）法
① 表示某时间动作前已发生完成动作：
The meeting had begun when we got there
He said he had seen the film
② 表示某动作某时间已开始直延续时间常forsince引导时间状语连：
The film had been on for tem minutes when we got there
She said that she had made much progress since she came here
第三十八课时 动词时态致
教学重点
时态致
时态致指复合句中句句间时态致通常句时态决定句时态原：句现时时句谓语根具体情况时态句谓语时句必须时态表：
句谓语
句谓语
含 义
般现时
现进行时般现时
句动作时发生
般时willcanmay+动词
表示句动作句动作发生
般时
表示句动作句动作前发生
现完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
般时
进行时般时
表示句动作时发生
wouldcouldmight + 动词
表示句动作句发生
完成时
表示句动作句动作前发生
教学难点
1宾语句间接引语句时态致符合述原果宾语句表示客观事实真理句谓语时句谓语应该般现时：：
Our teacher told us a little knowledge is dangerous
老师告诉知半解危险
He said that light travels faster than sound
说光传播速度声音快
2形容词句种句常成宾语句句时态符合述原形容词：afraid glad sure sorry certain aware confident delighted lucky surprised worried：
I’m sure that he will succeed
3语句表语句位语句句时态致：
That is why he was late for school
例题：
1 Miss Gao isn’t here She _______ to the station to meet Mr Brown
A went B has gone C has been D would go
2 ________ a letter from him since he left
A haven’t got B didn’t receive C didn’t have D haven’t feel
3 When I came in they______ games in the room
A were playing B are playing C played D plays
4 Hurry up The play ________ for ten minutes
A has begun B had begun C has been on D began
第三十九课时 动语态（）
教学重点
动语态
英语中须通动词某种形式表明句子语动作执行者动作承受者前种句子动句种动句
英语动词两种语态形式动语态动语态果语动作执行者谓语动词动语态果语动作象谓语动词动语态：
They build this school
They school is built by them
1动语态构成
助动词 +（物动词）分词构成动词动语态形式助动词be称数时态变化变化规be作系动词变化完全样：
This kind of TV set is made in Guangzhou（般现时）
The thief was arrested（般时）
A new road is being built outside my house（现进行时）
The man was being questioned by the police（进行时）
Your wallet has been found（现完成时）
By the time we got there The work had been finished（完成时）
My sister would be taken care of by grandma（时）
Your watch will be repaired（般时）
教学难点：
英语里动词物动词面宾语没动语态动词动语态没动语态
appear die happen fall arrive
2五种时态动语态举例
① 般现时
A lot of books are kept in our school library
Radio is used in everyday life
② 般时
A thief was caught last night
They were asked to speak at the meeting
③ 现进行时
A new library is being put up in their school now
The watch is being repaired
④ 般时
The class meeting will be held next Saturday afternoon
The thieves will be arrested
⑤ 现完成时
My bag has been stolen
Many stamps have been collected by me since last year
3动语态变动语态
① 动结构宾语变动结构语
② 动结构谓语动词动语态变动语态
③ 动结构语变介词by宾语组成介词短语放动结构中谓语动词动作执行者须说明必强调时by短语省略
④ 动语态动语态两种时态保持致：
We repaired the motor
The motor was repaired by us
第四十课时 动语态（二）
教学重点
动语态（二）
种形式动语态
（1）含直接宾语间接宾语动结构变动结构时中宾语变语动般动结构间接宾语变动结构语样句子显然：
He showed me his pictures
I was shown his pictures by him
I was sent a birthday present (by him)
A birthday present was sent to me (by him)
（2）含复合宾语动句变动句方法
① 宾语变语宾语补足语保留动：
They call her little Li She is called little Li
He left the door open The door was left open by him
② make let hear watch see feel have notice help等动词面作宾语补足语定式般带to变动语态时面定式必须带to：
My brother often made me do this and that when I was young
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I was young
③ 含情态动词动语态情态动词 + be +（物动词）分词构成：
They can not find him
He can not be found
④ 短语动词动语态
般说物动词动语态物动词动作承受者许物动词加介词词类构成短语动词相物动词宾语动语态应注意短语动词分割整体变动语态时丢掉构成短语动词介词副词：
They had put out the fire before the fire brigade arrived
The fire had been put out before the fire brigade arrived
They will set up a new public school here
A new public school will be set up here
You must take good care of these trees
These trees must be taken good care of
动语态基法
① 知道谁动作执行者者没必指出谁动作执行者时：
Paper is made from wood
The house is quite old it was built in 1950
He was wounded in the fight
② 需强调动作承受者时：
Calculator can’t be used in the maths exam
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn’t be taken away
He was awarded first prize in that contest
③ 语气婉转避免提方动语态修辞需动语态句子更安排：
The construction of the new lab must be completed by the end of next month
Electricity is used to run machines
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