笔记常符号缩略语
(Notetaking Useful Signs and Abbreviations)
1． 常笔记符号：
符号 信息意义
箭头符号
↑ 升提高增强涨增长扩起飞升空提拔晋升 （grow expand develop rise go up increase ascend launch skyrocket soar appreciation promote upwards）
↓ 降沉降低滑坡轰炸减少恶化降职削减裁减（drop to bomb jump go down descend decrease deteriorate depreciation reduce downwards）
↗ 扬渐渐转（become better and better）
↘ 挫断亏损（become worse and worse）
→ 出口前出国前运导致发展成… （export to enter arrive inat present to result in send to transmit to lead to export to cause）
← 回顾前进口倒退源（come from originate from receive from go back to import from）例：café ← French意 café源法语
数学符号
+ 增加补充外外(furthermore in addition to with and besides etc)
— 减少删缺乏（minus lack deduct except subtract）
× 表示错坏臭名昭著（mistake incorrect wrong bad inappropriate notorious）
> 超胜优（more than bigger than surpass better than superior to）
＞＞ 超 (much greater than much more than)
< 足次逊色（fewer than less than worse than inferior to）
＜＜ 远远少 (much less than)
等符号（equal) 听力笔记中相…样（equal to the same as) 外表示…手（a rival a competitor)等意思
表示等概念 (means that is to say in other words the same as etc)
≠ 表示否定意思等（not equal to )（be different from）者敌…手（matchless peerless no match for）
≈ 表示约左右（approximately around about or so）
∑ 总总数（total the total numbersum totally）
∵ 表示原理（because owing to thanks to due to）
∴ 表示结果结（therefore as a result consequently so）
标点符号
： 表示说告诉认宣称声明抗议譬（say speak tell declare announce protest such as）
表示问题疑问问（problem issue question doubt suspicious skeptical ask puzzle confused mystery bewildered）
· （1）表示观点意见注意点（viewpoint opinion idea point）
（2） 表示时间概念d表示天（today)昨天（yesterday)·d表示前天（the day before yesterday)理类推记··d3天前（Three days ago)写成·3dd·表示明天（tomorrow)d··表示天（the day after tomorrow)
表示危险警告心值注意重
1）dangerous warning alarming alert hazardous perilous jeopardy watch out …
2）very important vital crucial critical
( ) 表示包括…中（including within among inside）
符号
@ 表示 关（about as for concerning with respect to etc）
D 表示谨代表（on behalf of）
⊙ 表示会议室圆桌（round table) 中间点作烟灰缸花瓶整符号表示会议开会（meeting meet)者讨（discussion)等意思关会议单词：conference symposium convention session forum seminar council congress assembly gathering committee commission association union senate parliament
∪ 符号形似杯子（glass)听力测试记录中表示协议协定合（agreement contract treaty covenant compact convention resolution)签约时会举杯祝福非常形象表示双边协议（Bilateral Agreement) 三边协议（Trilateral Agreement)边协议（Multilateral Agreement)容易∪中分加23m 2 3 m
>< 表示立突（confrontation conflict）
∞ 表示交流沟通等（communication interaction）
表示影响效果压力负担(influence effect affect impact have bearing on pressure stress burden load)
♀ 表示女性(woman female famine)
♂ 表示男性(man male masculine)
□ 表示国家（country state nation）
□ 表示出口(export)
□ 表示进口(import)
Ç 表示发展(development advancement)
Λ 表示领导顶点顶级顶峰
1) top head peak uttermost climax supreme crown
2) leader director chancellor boss manager officer captain king queen emperor empress majesty dictator ruler commander governor mayor administrator supervisor monitor minister president
□ 表示国家领导政府首脑(state leader government head)
& …起陪（and together with accompany）
√ 表示正确肯定著名意支持（correct good affirmative certain well known famous agree support）
° 表示民(person people)：中°US°°物°
～ 表示交流交换代相互（exchange replace mutual each other）
Ä 表示停顿止终止（stop halt complete finish）
êê 表示渠道(channel tunnel tube pipe ditch)
J 表示高兴（happy glad pleased delighted enjoy）
∈ 表示属 (belong to)
☆ 星号常表示重点重心重视优秀杰出
1) important significant key crucial critical meaningful essential decisive consequential
2) outstanding distinguished marked remarkable notable excellent perfect eminent famous wellknown wellrecognized great prominent prestigious extraordinary glorious noteworthy grand magnificent
3) wonderful terrific fantastic fabulous marvelous
4) chief primary main major dominant overwhelming most
5) emphasize stress focus underscore underline highlight attach great importance to lay stress on pay attention to
* 表示特征特点(feature character characteristic symbol sign peculiarity attribute quality nature trademark mark specialty
⊕ 表示医院红十字（hospital red cross）
TM 商标
￡ 英镑
＄ 美元
民币
2 常字母代表含义
y 年year
M 月month
w 周week
h 时hour
m 分钟minute
s 秒钟 second
d 日子天day today
2y 两年前 two years ago
c 世纪 century
e 济economy economics
f 金融finance financial
g 政府government
n many much several
p 政治政政权politics policy party
s 科学社会science society
v 胜利成功victory triumph success achievement
3 单词四种常见缩略方法
1） 省略元音保留部分辅音字母
Market – mkt
Manager – mgr
Message – msg
Standard – std
Receive – rcv
Prepared – ppd
Background – bkgd
Government – gvt
Package – pkg
Hotel htl
Estimate estmt
Problem prblm
2） 保留前字母
Information – info
Insurance – ins
Exchange – exc
I owe you – IOU
In stead of – IO
University – uni
Biology – bio
Association – asso
Introduction – intro
Minimum – min
Maximum – max
Chemistry – chem
Liberation – lib
Subject – sub
Document – doc
International int
3） 保留开头结尾
Week – wk
Room – rm
People – pl
4）保留单词第音节辅音字母 ’ 代中间字母
Technology – tech’gy government – gov’t generalizaiton – gen’n
Continued – cont’d delivery – del’y educational – educat’l
Amount – am’t
4 常见词尾缩略形式*
词尾
缩略方式
举例
ism
m
Socialism – S m
tion
n
Standardization – std n
cian
o
Technician – tech o
ing
g
Marketing – MKT g
ed
d
Interested – int d
ableibleble
bl
Available – av bl
ment
mt
Movement – mv mt
ize
z
Recognize – rcg z
ful
fl
Meaningful mnfl
5 常见词汇缩略形式
缩写
全称
意义
缩写
全称
意义
acad
academy
学院
acpt
acceptance
接受
ad
advertisement
广告
addr
address
址
agr
agreement
合意
app
appendix
附录
apv
approve
批准
attn
attention
注意
avlb
available
bal
balance
衡
brg
bridge
桥梁
cfm
confirm
确认
cmdr
commander
指挥官
co
company
公司
comp
complete
完成
abbr
abbreviation
缩略
ac
account
帐户
acc
accommodation
食宿
ack
acknowledge
承认
adj
adjustment
调整
af
as follows
agn
again
次
amt
amount
数额
approx
approximate
约
arr
arrive
达
asso
association
协会
beg
beginning
开始
biz
business
商业
br
branch
分支机构
ctfc
certificate
证书
chk
check
检查
cml
commercial
商业
comm
commission
委员会
cmptt
competition
竞争
cond
condition
条件
cont
continue
继续
coop
cooperation
合作
corp
corporation
公司
cp
compare
较
ctte
committee
委员会
dept
department
部门系
diff
different
dir
director
dis
discount
折扣
dist
distance
距离
doc
document
文件
dpt
departure
离开
dstn
destination
目
dt
date
日期
dvlp
development
发展
e
economy
济
exch
exchange
交流
ext
extension
延期
flw
follow
fyr
for your reference
供参考
gds
goods
货物
gen
general
军
gov
government
政府
hon
honorable
尊敬
ifm
information
信息
ins
insurance
保险
htl
hotel
宾馆
imm
immediately
立刻
intl
international
国际
iou
i owe you
欠条
lab
laboratory
实验室
ltd
limited
限
manuf
manufacture
制造
max
maximum
min
minimum
少
memo
memorandum
备忘录
mgr
manager
理
mkt
market
市场
msg
message
讯息
nego
negotiate
谈判
orgn
organization
组织
pc
personal computer
电脑
pcl
parcel
包裹
pr
public relations
公关系
pos
position
位置
qlty
quality
质量
qnty
quantity
数量
rcv
receive
收
ref
reference
参考
rgd
regarding
关
rep
representative
代表
rsv
reservation
保留
rspon
responsible
责
rtn
return
返回
std
standard
标准
sug
suggest
建议
tel
telephone
电话
telcom
telecommunication
电信
temp
temporary
时
trd
trade
贸易
trans
transportation
交通
trvl
travel
旅行
uni
university
学
ustd
understand
理解
ugt
urgent
紧急
no
not available
wo
without
没
asap
as soon as possible
快
btw
by the way
便问
eg
for example
例
ie
that is to say
说
eta
estimated time of arrival
预期达时间
etd
estimated time of departure
预期离开时间
f2f
face to face
面面
6 专四听写常考词语缩略形式
account accountant acc according acdg accept acpt advertisement ad
address ads advice adv agent agt administration adm
agriculture agr altitude alt as much as possible amap
ambassador amb amount amt analysis anal ancient anc
anonymous anon answer ans appendix app apartment apt
architecture arch arrive arr atmosphere at auxiliary aux
attorneyattention att average av avenue ave balance bal
board bd bundle bdl bankbook bk baskets bkts
building bldg birthplace bp branchbrother br bureau bu
centurycost c calendar cal capital cap catalog cat
certificate cert confirm cfm cancel cncl compare cp
citizen cit civil civ clerk clk commercial cml
company co college col commoncommunication com
commission comm complete comp conclusion con condiiton cond
continent cont corporaiton corp carton ctn custom cust
deceased dec defense def degree deg deposit dep
department dept discount disc distance dist dividedivorce div
dormitory dorm departure dpt dozen dz east earth E
economy econ educationeditor ed for example eg enclosed encl
especially esp and so on etc exampleexception ex
explain expln extend ext femalefeminine fem figure fig
finance fin fluidfollowing fl flight flt foreign for
freezing point fp Friday Fri foot ft future fut
for your reference FYR gold g generally gen gentleman gent
gram gm harborhusband h head hd half hf
honorable hon headquarters HQ hour hr height ht
hypothesis hypoth that is ie import imp important impt
impossible imps inch in industrial independent ind
individual indi insurance ins instantinstitute inst
interest interior int in view of IVO island is journaljournalist jour
junior jr kilogram kg kilometer km latitude lat
library lib liquid liq literature lit longitude long
machinery mach magazine mag manual man model mdl
Madam Mdm medicine med member mem memorandum memo
middle mid minute min moderatemodern mod
manuscripts MS message msg market mkt mount mt
music mus nationalnaitvenatural nat number No object obj
obsolete obs observe obsv obtain obt office off
oppositeoperation op ordinary ord organization org original orig
powerpage p paragraph para particularpartner part
passengerpassive pass payment pmt piece pc paid pd
package pkg plaease PLS perform perf postoffice box POB
popularpopulation pop pairpreferred pr preceding prec primary prim
principle prin product pro professor prof publicpublish pub
quarter qr quantity qt quality qua railroad retire r
received rcv receipt rcpt road rd register reg
representative rep reviserevenue rec river riv room rm
reportrepeat rpt school sch science sci second sec
signalsignature sig situation sitn species sp square sq
surgerysurgeon surg technology tech telephone tele temperature temp
thanks TKS translaiton trans traffic trf total ttl
ultimate ult university uni upper up usually usu
village vil versus vs welcome wel
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(Notetaking Useful Signs and Abbreviations)
1． 常笔记符号：
符号 信息意义
箭头符号
↑ 升提高增强涨增长扩起飞升空提拔晋升 （grow expand develop rise go up increase ascend launch skyrocket soar appreciation promote upwards）
↓ 降沉降低滑坡轰炸减少恶化降职削减裁减（drop to bomb jump go down descend decrease deteriorate depreciation reduce downwards）
↗ 扬渐渐转（become better and better）
↘ 挫断亏损（become worse and worse）
→ 出口前出国前运导致发展成… （export to enter arrive inat present to result in send to transmit to lead to export to cause）
← 回顾前进口倒退源（come from originate from receive from go back to import from）例：café ← French意 café源法语
数学符号
+ 增加补充外外(furthermore in addition to with and besides etc)
— 减少删缺乏（minus lack deduct except subtract）
× 表示错坏臭名昭著（mistake incorrect wrong bad inappropriate notorious）
> 超胜优（more than bigger than surpass better than superior to）
＞＞ 超 (much greater than much more than)
< 足次逊色（fewer than less than worse than inferior to）
＜＜ 远远少 (much less than)
等符号（equal) 听力笔记中相…样（equal to the same as) 外表示…手（a rival a competitor)等意思
表示等概念 (means that is to say in other words the same as etc)
≠ 表示否定意思等（not equal to )（be different from）者敌…手（matchless peerless no match for）
≈ 表示约左右（approximately around about or so）
∑ 总总数（total the total numbersum totally）
∵ 表示原理（because owing to thanks to due to）
∴ 表示结果结（therefore as a result consequently so）
标点符号
： 表示说告诉认宣称声明抗议譬（say speak tell declare announce protest such as）
表示问题疑问问（problem issue question doubt suspicious skeptical ask puzzle confused mystery bewildered）
· （1）表示观点意见注意点（viewpoint opinion idea point）
（2） 表示时间概念d表示天（today)昨天（yesterday)·d表示前天（the day before yesterday)理类推记··d3天前（Three days ago)写成·3dd·表示明天（tomorrow)d··表示天（the day after tomorrow)
表示危险警告心值注意重
1）dangerous warning alarming alert hazardous perilous jeopardy watch out …
2）very important vital crucial critical
( ) 表示包括…中（including within among inside）
符号
@ 表示 关（about as for concerning with respect to etc）
D 表示谨代表（on behalf of）
⊙ 表示会议室圆桌（round table) 中间点作烟灰缸花瓶整符号表示会议开会（meeting meet)者讨（discussion)等意思关会议单词：conference symposium convention session forum seminar council congress assembly gathering committee commission association union senate parliament
∪ 符号形似杯子（glass)听力测试记录中表示协议协定合（agreement contract treaty covenant compact convention resolution)签约时会举杯祝福非常形象表示双边协议（Bilateral Agreement) 三边协议（Trilateral Agreement)边协议（Multilateral Agreement)容易∪中分加23m 2 3 m
>< 表示立突（confrontation conflict）
∞ 表示交流沟通等（communication interaction）
表示影响效果压力负担(influence effect affect impact have bearing on pressure stress burden load)
♀ 表示女性(woman female famine)
♂ 表示男性(man male masculine)
□ 表示国家（country state nation）
□ 表示出口(export)
□ 表示进口(import)
Ç 表示发展(development advancement)
Λ 表示领导顶点顶级顶峰
1) top head peak uttermost climax supreme crown
2) leader director chancellor boss manager officer captain king queen emperor empress majesty dictator ruler commander governor mayor administrator supervisor monitor minister president
□ 表示国家领导政府首脑(state leader government head)
& …起陪（and together with accompany）
√ 表示正确肯定著名意支持（correct good affirmative certain well known famous agree support）
° 表示民(person people)：中°US°°物°
～ 表示交流交换代相互（exchange replace mutual each other）
Ä 表示停顿止终止（stop halt complete finish）
êê 表示渠道(channel tunnel tube pipe ditch)
J 表示高兴（happy glad pleased delighted enjoy）
∈ 表示属 (belong to)
☆ 星号常表示重点重心重视优秀杰出
1) important significant key crucial critical meaningful essential decisive consequential
2) outstanding distinguished marked remarkable notable excellent perfect eminent famous wellknown wellrecognized great prominent prestigious extraordinary glorious noteworthy grand magnificent
3) wonderful terrific fantastic fabulous marvelous
4) chief primary main major dominant overwhelming most
5) emphasize stress focus underscore underline highlight attach great importance to lay stress on pay attention to
* 表示特征特点(feature character characteristic symbol sign peculiarity attribute quality nature trademark mark specialty
⊕ 表示医院红十字（hospital red cross）
TM 商标
￡ 英镑
＄ 美元
民币
2 常字母代表含义
y 年year
M 月month
w 周week
h 时hour
m 分钟minute
s 秒钟 second
d 日子天day today
2y 两年前 two years ago
c 世纪 century
e 济economy economics
f 金融finance financial
g 政府government
n many much several
p 政治政政权politics policy party
s 科学社会science society
v 胜利成功victory triumph success achievement
3 单词四种常见缩略方法
1） 省略元音保留部分辅音字母
Market – mkt
Manager – mgr
Message – msg
Standard – std
Receive – rcv
Prepared – ppd
Background – bkgd
Government – gvt
Package – pkg
Hotel htl
Estimate estmt
Problem prblm
2） 保留前字母
Information – info
Insurance – ins
Exchange – exc
I owe you – IOU
In stead of – IO
University – uni
Biology – bio
Association – asso
Introduction – intro
Minimum – min
Maximum – max
Chemistry – chem
Liberation – lib
Subject – sub
Document – doc
International int
3） 保留开头结尾
Week – wk
Room – rm
People – pl
4）保留单词第音节辅音字母 ’ 代中间字母
Technology – tech’gy government – gov’t generalizaiton – gen’n
Continued – cont’d delivery – del’y educational – educat’l
Amount – am’t
4 常见词尾缩略形式*
词尾
缩略方式
举例
ism
m
Socialism – S m
tion
n
Standardization – std n
cian
o
Technician – tech o
ing
g
Marketing – MKT g
ed
d
Interested – int d
ableibleble
bl
Available – av bl
ment
mt
Movement – mv mt
ize
z
Recognize – rcg z
ful
fl
Meaningful mnfl
5 常见词汇缩略形式
缩写
全称
意义
缩写
全称
意义
acad
academy
学院
acpt
acceptance
接受
ad
advertisement
广告
addr
address
址
agr
agreement
合意
app
appendix
附录
apv
approve
批准
attn
attention
注意
avlb
available
bal
balance
衡
brg
bridge
桥梁
cfm
confirm
确认
cmdr
commander
指挥官
co
company
公司
comp
complete
完成
abbr
abbreviation
缩略
ac
account
帐户
acc
accommodation
食宿
ack
acknowledge
承认
adj
adjustment
调整
af
as follows
agn
again
次
amt
amount
数额
approx
approximate
约
arr
arrive
达
asso
association
协会
beg
beginning
开始
biz
business
商业
br
branch
分支机构
ctfc
certificate
证书
chk
check
检查
cml
commercial
商业
comm
commission
委员会
cmptt
competition
竞争
cond
condition
条件
cont
continue
继续
coop
cooperation
合作
corp
corporation
公司
cp
compare
较
ctte
committee
委员会
dept
department
部门系
diff
different
dir
director
dis
discount
折扣
dist
distance
距离
doc
document
文件
dpt
departure
离开
dstn
destination
目
dt
date
日期
dvlp
development
发展
e
economy
济
exch
exchange
交流
ext
extension
延期
flw
follow
fyr
for your reference
供参考
gds
goods
货物
gen
general
军
gov
government
政府
hon
honorable
尊敬
ifm
information
信息
ins
insurance
保险
htl
hotel
宾馆
imm
immediately
立刻
intl
international
国际
iou
i owe you
欠条
lab
laboratory
实验室
ltd
limited
限
manuf
manufacture
制造
max
maximum
min
minimum
少
memo
memorandum
备忘录
mgr
manager
理
mkt
market
市场
msg
message
讯息
nego
negotiate
谈判
orgn
organization
组织
pc
personal computer
电脑
pcl
parcel
包裹
pr
public relations
公关系
pos
position
位置
qlty
quality
质量
qnty
quantity
数量
rcv
receive
收
ref
reference
参考
rgd
regarding
关
rep
representative
代表
rsv
reservation
保留
rspon
responsible
责
rtn
return
返回
std
standard
标准
sug
suggest
建议
tel
telephone
电话
telcom
telecommunication
电信
temp
temporary
时
trd
trade
贸易
trans
transportation
交通
trvl
travel
旅行
uni
university
学
ustd
understand
理解
ugt
urgent
紧急
no
not available
wo
without
没
asap
as soon as possible
快
btw
by the way
便问
eg
for example
例
ie
that is to say
说
eta
estimated time of arrival
预期达时间
etd
estimated time of departure
预期离开时间
f2f
face to face
面面
6 专四听写常考词语缩略形式
account accountant acc according acdg accept acpt advertisement ad
address ads advice adv agent agt administration adm
agriculture agr altitude alt as much as possible amap
ambassador amb amount amt analysis anal ancient anc
anonymous anon answer ans appendix app apartment apt
architecture arch arrive arr atmosphere at auxiliary aux
attorneyattention att average av avenue ave balance bal
board bd bundle bdl bankbook bk baskets bkts
building bldg birthplace bp branchbrother br bureau bu
centurycost c calendar cal capital cap catalog cat
certificate cert confirm cfm cancel cncl compare cp
citizen cit civil civ clerk clk commercial cml
company co college col commoncommunication com
commission comm complete comp conclusion con condiiton cond
continent cont corporaiton corp carton ctn custom cust
deceased dec defense def degree deg deposit dep
department dept discount disc distance dist dividedivorce div
dormitory dorm departure dpt dozen dz east earth E
economy econ educationeditor ed for example eg enclosed encl
especially esp and so on etc exampleexception ex
explain expln extend ext femalefeminine fem figure fig
finance fin fluidfollowing fl flight flt foreign for
freezing point fp Friday Fri foot ft future fut
for your reference FYR gold g generally gen gentleman gent
gram gm harborhusband h head hd half hf
honorable hon headquarters HQ hour hr height ht
hypothesis hypoth that is ie import imp important impt
impossible imps inch in industrial independent ind
individual indi insurance ins instantinstitute inst
interest interior int in view of IVO island is journaljournalist jour
junior jr kilogram kg kilometer km latitude lat
library lib liquid liq literature lit longitude long
machinery mach magazine mag manual man model mdl
Madam Mdm medicine med member mem memorandum memo
middle mid minute min moderatemodern mod
manuscripts MS message msg market mkt mount mt
music mus nationalnaitvenatural nat number No object obj
obsolete obs observe obsv obtain obt office off
oppositeoperation op ordinary ord organization org original orig
powerpage p paragraph para particularpartner part
passengerpassive pass payment pmt piece pc paid pd
package pkg plaease PLS perform perf postoffice box POB
popularpopulation pop pairpreferred pr preceding prec primary prim
principle prin product pro professor prof publicpublish pub
quarter qr quantity qt quality qua railroad retire r
received rcv receipt rcpt road rd register reg
representative rep reviserevenue rec river riv room rm
reportrepeat rpt school sch science sci second sec
signalsignature sig situation sitn species sp square sq
surgerysurgeon surg technology tech telephone tele temperature temp
thanks TKS translaiton trans traffic trf total ttl
ultimate ult university uni upper up usually usu
village vil versus vs welcome wel
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