Unit 5 Revealing nature
背景导学
喜欢然植物世界解文介绍叶植物受攻击时会坐毙会释放出某种化学物质植物发出种预警信号保护种方式
When a leafy plant is under attack it doesn＇t sit quietly Back in 1983 two scientists Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds VOCs for short
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked It＇s a plant＇s way of crying out But is anyone listeningApparently Because we can watch the neighbors＇ react
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away But others do double duty They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers Once they arrive the tables are turned The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch
In study after study it appears that these chemical conversations can help the neighbors The damage is usually more serious on the first plant but the neighbors relatively speaking stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do
Does this mean that plants talk to each otherScientists don＇t know Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches and so in effect was talking to itself Perhaps the neighbors just happened tooverhearthe cry So information was exchanged but it wasn＇t a true intentional back and forth
Charles Darwin over 150 years ago imagined a world far busier noisier and more intimate(亲密)than the world we can see and hear Our senses are weak There＇s a whole lot going on
译文
叶植物受攻击时会坐毙早1983年两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨伊恩·鲍德温报告中说昆虫咬伤枫树会散发出种邻植物感应特殊气味化学物质植物受伤部位似警报植物通空气排出挥发性机化合物混合物简称VOCs
科学家发现种类植物受攻击时会释放出挥发性机化合物植物哭泣种方式听显然邻居反应
植物发出臭味化学物质昆虫远离植物承担双倍责量排出吸引攻击者说天敌昆虫香味旦达餐桌会反转正享午餐攻击者现变成午餐
项项研究化学沟通起够帮助邻居第攻击植物受伤害通常较严重周围植物相说更安全听警报知道该做
否意味着植物相互交谈科学家知道许第植物疼痛哭起者正枝条发送信息实际说话许周围植物碰巧意中听哭泣信息交换真实意识信息
早150年前查尔斯·达尔文设想听更加繁忙嘈杂亲密世界知觉弱相事情正发生
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ课标单词
1单词拼写
①sample ˈsɑːmp(ə)ln样
②suspect səˈspektv猜想怀疑觉
③evolution ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)nn进化()
2根英文释义选词填空
finch disgrace ancestor beak seed
①beakthe hard pointed or curved outer part of a bird＇s mouth
②fincha small bird with a short strong beak
③disgracethe loss of other people＇s respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved
④seedthe small hard part produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow
⑤ancestora person in your family who lived a long time ago
3词汇拓展
①distant ˈdɪstəntadj遥远→distanceˈdɪstənsn距离
②geologist dʒiˈɒlədʒɪstn质学家→geologydʒiˈɒlədʒin质学→geologicalˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkladj质(学)
③evolve ɪˈvɒlvv进化→evolutionˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)nn演变进化()
④generateˈdʒenəreɪtv 产生创造→generationˌdʒenəˈreɪʃnn(源)产生代
Ⅱ情境词块
1answer the call响应号召
2first choice佳选择
3be a disgrace耻辱丢脸事
4lead to导致
5of all time史
6in question讨中确定
7be crowded with充满满
8come to exist开始存
9at the same time时
10adapt to适应
11inspire sb to do sth激励某做某事
12a variety of种样
13according to根
14be regarded as作
15begin with……开始
Ⅲ情境佳句
1
句型公式
who引导定语句
教材原句
It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree
尝试翻译
年轻医学院肄业
2
句型公式
现分词短语作置定语
教材原句
What＇s more he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be a disgrace to yourself and all your family
尝试翻译
刚收父亲信中父亲预言会成全家耻辱
3
句型公式
形容词短语作状语
教材原句
The young man in question Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals
尝试翻译
提年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣
4
句型公式
sothat引导结果状语句
教材原句
But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory
尝试翻译
达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理
Ⅰ文理解
Step 1 Reading for the main idea
What is the main idea of the text
AIntroduce how On the Origin of Species was written
BTell why Charles Darwin travelled on the Beagle
CShare who was Charles Darwin with readers
DIntroduce how a theory of evolution was discovered
答案 D
Step 2 Reading for the structure
Fill in the following blanks with proper words
Step 3 Reading for the details
Choose the best answer according to the text
1When did Charles Darwin begin his journey of discovery
AIn 1831 BIn 1835
CIn 1836 DIn 1859
答案 A
2What interested Darwin the most on the Galápagos Islands
AFishes BBirds CForests DIslands
答案 B
3According to Darwin how did new species of plants and animals come to exist
AThey came from the same place
BThey appeared on Earth together
CThey evolved from their ancestors
DThey often changed themselves
答案 C
4What caused the theory of evolution to appear
ADarwin＇s journey on the Beagle
BThe writing of On the Origin of Species
CThe remarks from Darwin＇s father
DThe captain of the ship the Beagle
答案 A
Ⅱ难句突破
1[图解难句]
[分析]复合句中who引导定语句句部分谓宾结构the Beaglethe ship位语分词短语yet little known置定语修饰countries
[尝试翻译]贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益
2[图解难句]
[分析]列复合句第分句中When引导时间状语句第二分句强调句强调语
[尝试翻译]1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类
Ⅲ文复述
Step 1 Question Answering
根课文容回答列问题
1How and when did Charles Darwin go aboard on the Beagle
Charles Darwin answered the call of the captain of the ship the Beagle and in 1831 he left England on the ship
2What did the journey give him
The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments
3On the Galápagos Islands in 1835 what interested him the most
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands the birds interested him the most
4By studying what was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist
They evolved from earlier ancestors
5What was put forward by Darwin
He put forward a theory of evolution
6When was his book On the Origin of Species published
It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
Step 2 Text Retelling
句子连成篇语言流畅词准确逻辑严密60词左右短文
Charles Darwin answered the call of the captain of the ship the Beagle and in 1831 he left England on the ship The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands the birds interested him the most By studying he got the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist they evolved from earlier ancestors Later he put forward a theory of evolution His book On the Origin of Species was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
板块 语言知识
1The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益 (教材P50)
Paraphrase The captain of the ship the Beagle needed someone who would benefit from the chance to visit countries that were far away and unknown
语言点1
distant adj遥远远亲疏远
情境探究
①It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance
难解总保持距离
②She＇s always very distant and cold so I have to keep her at a distance
总冷淡疏远保持距离
③The picture where a girl is staring at the mountain in the distance looks more beautiful at a distance
幅女孩凝远山画远处会更漂亮
纳拓展
distance n距离
in the distance远处
at a distance隔段距离远处
at a distance of……远方
keep sb at a distance某保持距离
keep one＇s distance from……保持距离疏远……
学致
(1)单句填空
①He wanted to get away from everything so he moved to a distant (distance) land
②Travelers should not feed the wild animals in a close distance because they may attack people
③The railway station is at a distance of two miles from our school
(2)单句写作
④更远处欣赏白雪皑皑群山
Farther in the distance I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains
2The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice应聘船长心中理想选(教材P50)
语言点2
answer the call响应号召
情境探究
①I can＇t answer the telephone I am having a bath
接电话正洗澡
②You will have to answer for your behaviour one day
总天行承担责
③I wish I knew the answer to your question
愿知道问题答案
④I don＇t quite know what to say in answer to your question
太清楚回答问题
纳拓展
(1)answer v答复回答应答适合符合
answer to sb(for sth)某(某事)负责
(2)answer n回答答案回应足媲美
the answer to……答案(to介词)
in answer to回答应答响应
温馨提示
answer for接名词代词般接 that 句接类句通常应先接it作形式宾语
学致
(1)单句填空
①The answer to this question is now under exploration
②Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty
③The doctor came at once in answer to our telephone call
(2)单句写作
④保证诚实I can＇t answer for his honesty
3Despite all this his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time次船探险旅带史重项科学发现(教材P50)
语言点3
of all time 史
情境探究
①At one time I used to go skiing every winter
段时间年冬天滑雪
②She ran up the stairs two at a time
步两阶跑楼梯
③He finished off two bowls of noodles in no time
快吃完两碗面条
④The letter was in my pocket all the time
封信直口袋里
⑤At no time could I have said such a thing
决会讲出种话
纳拓展
all the time直 at a time次次
at all times总 at one time度
on time准时 in no time立刻
in time时
at no time永时候(该短语位句首时句子部分倒装)
from time to time时间偶尔
学致
(1)单句填空
①We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes exactly on time
②The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925 affecting three US states Missouri Illinois and Indiana
③Keep your head up and look around you from time to time
(2)句译
时候应该放弃读书
④At no time should you give up studying
⑤You should not give up studying at any time
4The young man in question Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals提年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣(教材P50)
语言点4
in question讨中疑问确定
情境探究
①The lady in question is not in the office now
谈位女士现没办公室
②Children＇s lives are in danger every time they cross this road
孩子次条马路面着生命危险
③We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us
必须努力周围睦相处
④We looked at each other in silence
相顾言
⑤Even though you are in power you can＇t just do whatever you want
权 欲
纳拓展
in+名词短语in 表示(目前状态形势)处……中
in danger处危险中 in debt负债
in doubt怀疑 in peace静
in silence沉默 in power权
in surprise惊讶 in trouble处麻烦中
学致
(1)单句填空
①The dam was in danger because of the rising flood
②The existence of global warming is in question
(2)单句写作
③总怀疑问题解释
I＇m rather in doubt about his explanation for this question
5After Darwin had spent some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected 南美洲度段时间船舱里堆满收集动植物样(教材P51)
语言点5
be crowded with 充满……挤满……
情境探究
①The band played and the crowd cheered
乐队表演观众欢呼
②Thousands of people have crowded into the small town
成千万涌入镇
③I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall
子非常高群中容易认出
纳拓展
(1)be crowded withbe filled withbe full of挤满……
(2)crowd n群
a crowd of群
crowds of成群
(3)crowd v聚集拥挤
crowd into涌入
学致
(1)单句填空
①Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful customers
②He lost his wallet yesterday when he was in a crowded (crowd) bus
(2)单句写作
③家餐馆餐时间总客满
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times
6As he studied these he asked himself the question how did different species come to exist研究样时产生疑问物种产生(教材P51)
语言点6
come to exist 开始存
情境探究
①Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air
月球没东西生存没水空气
②No one knows when such a custom first came into existence
没知道种风俗什时候开始
③Do you believe in the existence of ghosts Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people
相信鬼魂存许存想象中
④Steven wrote him a note asking him to come to his apartment
斯蒂芬写张便条请公寓
纳拓展
(1)exist vi存生存生活
exist in存……
exist on……生存……生活
(2)existence n存生存
come into existence开始存产生成立
in existence现存现
(3)come to 苏醒达计想起谈
误区警示
exist物动词动语态通常进行时
学致
(1)赏句猜义
①I never expected those few items to come to so much 计
②When he came to and raised his head he saw Barney 苏醒
③I＇m beyond my depth when it comes to natural sciences 谈
(2)单句填空
④They can＇t exist on the money he＇s earned
⑤This house has been in existence (exist) for many years
7Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments许动物适应断变化环境时进化(教材P51)
语言点7
adapt to 适应
情境探究
①It was the culture rather than the language that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad
文化语言难适应国外新环境
②The author is going to adapt his novel for TV series
位作者算说改编成电视剧
③This TV play was adapted from a historical novel
部电视剧改编部历史说
④The adaptation of the play for a radio manuscript was easy
剧改编成广播稿容易
纳拓展
(1)adapt v()适应
adapt (oneself) to(某)适应……
(2)adapt v改编
adapt from根……改编
adaptfor……改编(改装)……
(3)adaptation n适应改编改编作品
(4)adaptable adj适应适应力
易混辨析
adopt采采纳收养正式通
adapt改写改编适应适合
词汇助记
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted a boy after the earthquake After a few months the boy came to adapt himself to the life in the new home年轻夫妻没孩子震收养男孩月男孩适应新家庭生活
学致
(1)单句填空
①Three of her novels have been adapted for television
②This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen
③The world will be different and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
(2)单句写作
④着时间推移逐渐适应学校生活
As time went by I gradually adapted myself to the school life
8When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类(教材P51)
语言点8
a variety of 种样
情境探究
①Some experts believe that the two language varieties are moving closer and closer
专家认两种语言变体正越越接
②A wide variety of flowers were on show in the street
街展出种样花
③I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer
供应菜肴丰盛印象深刻
④Opinions on this matter vary from person to person件事意见
⑤The menu varies with the season
菜单季节变动
纳拓展
(1)variety n种类变体变种变化样化
the variety of……种类
a (wide) variety ofvarieties of种样……
(2)vary v相异改变
vary in……方面
vary fromto…………等
vary with……变化变化
(3)various adj种样
误区警示
a variety of+名词作语谓语动词名词数保持致the variety of+名词作语谓语动词单数形式
学致
(1)单句填空
①These cars vary in size price colour and so on
②We may have various (vary) ways to deal with such a situation
③The variety of apples is (be) astonishing
(2)单句写作
④常意识肢体语言例子肢体语言种肢体语言文化中相
We see examples of unconscious body language very often yet there is also learned body language which varies from culture to culture
9Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor which had arrived on the islands a long time before达尔文猜想雀鸟祖先进化雀鸟祖先久前片群岛(教材P51)
语言点9
suspect v猜想怀疑觉
情境探究
①I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me
开始觉察出正试图摆脱掉
②Suspecting nothing he walked right into the trap
毫觉察径直走入陷阱
③Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect
出示证中相成问题
④I suspected him of stealing the jewelry from the store
怀疑商店偷珠宝
⑤The young man is more intelligent than we suspected him to be年轻猜想更聪明
纳拓展
(1)suspect+npron 怀疑……
suspect+thatwh句 猜想怀疑觉……
suspect sbsth to be怀疑某某事……
suspect sb of怀疑(某……罪)
(2)suspect n嫌疑犯嫌疑分子
(3)suspect adj信住疑
学致
(1)赏句猜义
①If you suspect a gas leak do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light 怀疑
②The police have now narrowed down their list of suspects 嫌疑犯
③His fitness is suspect so we can＇t risk including him in the team 信
(2)单句填空
④They suspected me of having a hand in the affair
⑤Nobody can possibly suspect what he says
10It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm书直1859年出版出版立引起轰动(教材P51)
语言点10
句型公式notuntil直…………
情境探究
①If you don＇t understand anything you may research study and talk to other people until you figure it out
果事明白研究学交谈直弄明白止
②Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it
绷带保持原样直医生拆掉止
③Not until you told me did I have any idea of it
直告诉知道件事
④Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926
高迪1882年起事项工程直1926年世
⑤You＇re not going out until you＇ve finished this
没事做完准出
纳拓展
(1)含until引导时间状语句复合句中句谓语动词延续性动词(livewaitwork等)时句常肯定形式句谓语动词短暂性动词(gocomeleavefinish等)时句常否定形式
(2)notuntil引导时间状语句时not until置句首句部分倒装结构句倒装
(3)until作介词接名词作宾语
学致
(1)单句填空
①When the red light is on please stop and wait until the green light is on
②He didn＇t apologize to me until he realized that he was wrong
(2)句式升级
③She didn＇t find her mother alive until two days after the earthquake
→Not until two days after the earthquake did she find her mother alive
11And it all began with the journey on the Beagle切开始贝格尔号探索旅(教材P51)
语言点11
begin with(start with) ……开始
情境探究
①A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
[谚语]千里行始足
②The teacher began the lesson with an English song
老师首英文歌曲开始节课
③To beginstart with we haven＇t enough moneyand secondly we haven＇t enough time
首先没足够资金次没足够时间
纳拓展
(1)beginwith……开始……(动词短语)
(2)to beginstart with 首先第(常作插入语相副词)
学致
(1)单句填空
①To work out a plan one has to start with an investigation(调查)
②To begin (begin) with the author＇s name Mark Twain is itself an invention or the pen name
(2)单句写作
③演出段五十岁耳熟详音乐开始
The show startedbegan with a piece of music familiar to people in their fifties
板块二 课文译
适词句补全教材原文
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little known The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree What＇s more he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be a disgrace to② yourself and all your family Despite all this his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time③
[文解读]该段简单介绍应聘登贝格尔号年轻情况家评价等信息然未次船探险旅带史重科学发现
发现旅
贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远①鲜知国家中受益应聘船长心中理想选年轻医学院肄业刚收父亲信中父亲预言会成全家耻辱②次船探险旅带史③重项科学发现
The young man in question④ Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals He left England on the ship the Beagle in 1831The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments After Darwin had spent some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded with⑤ samples⑥ of the plants and animals he had collected As he studied these he asked himself the question how did different species come to exist⑦
[文解读]段承接文指出应聘者达尔文产生物种产生想法
提④年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣1831年搭贝格尔号英格兰启程次旅程研究然环境中种生物契机南美洲度段时间船舱里堆满⑤收集动植物样⑥研究样时产生疑问物种产生⑦
At that time people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since But Darwin began to think differently He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other Maybe animals evolved⑧ as they adapted to⑨ their changing environments It was just an idea but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence
[文解读]该段首先陈述时观点通衔接词But进行转折引出达尔文旅行期间注意事情激发进步寻找证
时认物种时出现球变化达尔文开始想法注意物种动物彼间相似许动物适应⑨断变化环境时进化⑧然设想足够激励达尔文寻求更证
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most⑩ Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches ⑪ on each of the islands It seemed their beaks ⑫ had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
[文解读]该段介绍达尔文船探索加拉帕戈斯群岛时鸟类产生极兴趣进步推动发现
1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类⑩达尔文注意群岛中岛雀鸟 ⑪间喙 ⑫似根岛屿觅食物进化
Darwin suspected ⑬ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor which had arrived on the islands a long time before Over time it had slowly evolved into many new species And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist they evolved from earlier ancestors
[文解读]通观察雀鸟新动植物物种产生问题确定答案早期祖先进化
达尔文猜想 ⑬雀鸟祖先进化久前雀鸟祖先片群岛着时间推移慢慢进化成许新种类关动植物新种类产生问题答案早期祖先进化
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution ⑭ Darwin explained this theory in his book On the Origin of Species It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm ⑮ Many people refused to believe that living things including humans had evolved from lower forms of life They were shocked But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory ⑯
[文解读]段介绍进化提出产生影响
全新观点——进化 ⑭达尔文物种起源书中解释理书直1859年出版出版立引起轰动 ⑮拒绝相信包括生命更低级生命形式进化感震惊达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理⑯
Today On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever And it all began with ⑰ the journey on the Beagle
[文解读]该段介绍物种起源书重意义影响源达尔文贝格尔号航行
物种起源认迄止重著作彻底改变类球生命认识切开始 ⑰贝格尔号探索旅
Ⅰ语境填词
1In the early years athletes ate mushrooms and plant seeds (种子) to improve their performance
2The salesman brought some samples (样品) of his firm＇s products
3Not only is your mark in English a disgrace (耻辱) but you have even failed in mathematics
4I suspected (怀疑) that he didn＇t tell me the truth
5As a geologist (质学家) he uncovers the planet＇s past by looking at its rocks
6The direct ancestor (祖先) of the modern cat was the Kaffir cat of ancient Egypt
7The success and failure of a language generate (产生) from the same source
8Please remember that some birds have very powerful beaks (喙)
Ⅱ语境选词
of all time in question be crowded with come to exist adapt to a variety of be regarded as begin with
1Certain forms of knowledge come to exist in certain places
2He is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all time
3My house used to be crowded with visitors but now visitors are few and far between
4The lighting of a wood fire begins with small pieces of wood
5It is regarded as natural behavior that a man helps the old down stairs
6The new teacher was very slow to adapt to the unusual rules of the school
7She made the children glad in a variety of ways
8The new ideas are in question at present and we＇re awaiting final decisions from top management
Ⅲ完成句子
1直时认识问题重性(not until位句首)
Not until then did he realize the importance of the problem
2疗效异(vary with)
The effect of the treatment varies with different individuals
3走快没法(sothat)
They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them
4谨慎避开位严肃教授(distance)
They were careful to keep their distance from the serious professor
5首先天气太冷外没钱(begin)
We can＇t go To begin with it＇s too cold Besides we have no money
Ⅳ课文语法填空
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist who was fascinated by rocks plants and animals He 1left (leave)England on the ship the Beagle in 1831The journey gave him the chance to study 2various (vary) living things in their natural environments After Darwin 3had spent (spend) some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded 4with samples of the plants and animals he had collected As he studied these he asked 5himself (him) the question how did different species come to exist
He noticed that some species of 6animals (animal) were very similar to each other When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species 7but it was the birds that interested him the most Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands Over time it had 8slowly (slow) evolved into many new species And that was 9how new species of plants and animals came to exist
It was a completely new idea—a theory of 10evolution (evolve) Darwin explained this theory in his book On the Origin of Species It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever which all began with the journey on the Beagle
Ⅰ单句填空
1Not until then did (do) he realize the importance of the problem
2The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths
3A wide variety of flowers were (be) planted in the garden
4This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack
5Do you know when this kind of robot came into exitexistence (exist)
6I can＇t easily give an answer to your question
7The city centre and shops are only a short distance (distant) away
8In the course of evolution (evolve) some birds have lost the power of flying
9The dirty walls are a disgrace to the school
10Don＇t mix up the two kinds of vegetable seeds (seed)
Ⅱ义换
begin with generate be crowded with evolve
lead to distant in question inspire
1A policeman said that the whole matter was being considered (in question)
2The company New England Electric burns coal to produce power (generate)
3The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production (led to)
4The farmhouse is remote from other buildings (distant)
5Well maybe it would be easier to start with a smaller problem(begin with)
6The idea is to encourage people to get to know their neighbours (inspire)
7The main street is filled with vehicles every morning(is crowded with)
8Each school must develop its own way of working(evolve)
Ⅲ教材原句翻译
1贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益
The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known
2应聘船长心中理想选
The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice
31835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most
4直1859年出版出版立引起轰动
It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
5达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理
But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory
Ⅰ阅读理解
(2020山东肥城泰西中学高二第次月考)
Hundreds of years ago a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland The Scots a brave people loved their country They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland But there were too many of the Romans It looked as if the Romans would win
One night the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill We will rest here tonight my men he said Tomorrow we will fight one more battle We must win or we will die
They were all very tired So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep There were four guards on duty but they were very tired too and one by one they fell asleep
The Romans were not asleep Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill Slowly they went up the hill Closer they came to the sleeping Scots They were almost at the top A few minutes more the war would be over Suddenly one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟) He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle The fighting was hard but it did not last long The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland
The thistle is not a beautiful plant It has sharp needles all over it Few people liked it But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower
1What can we know about the Romans hundreds of years ago
AThey came from the north through England to make war on Scotland
BThey came to north Scotland from England to make war on Scotland
CThey came from the north of England to fight against the Scots
DThey came to the north from the south of Britain to fight against the Scots
2At the shout of a Roman soldier all the Scots who were asleep on the hill
Abegan to fight the Romans hard
Bstood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight
Cwoke and rose immediately ready to fight
Dput their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight
3What is the result of the war
AThe Romans killed all the Scots
BThe Scots were defeated
CThe Scots were driven out of Scotland
DThe Scots defeated the Romans
4Why did the Scots made the thistle their national flower
AThe thistle is lovely though not beautiful
BThe thistle gave them happiness
CThe thistle is a kind of useful plant
DThe thistle helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans
答案
[语篇解读] 文篇记叙文百年前苏格兰民抵御罗马军队入侵战斗中种蓟植物关键时刻帮助苏格兰击败罗马军队拯救苏格兰
1B 细节理解题根第段中Hundreds of years agoa Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland百年前支罗马军队英格兰苏格兰北方仗选B项
2C 细节理解题根第四段中He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle喊出声突然喊声惊醒苏格兰立马站起准备战斗选C项
3D 细节理解题根第四段中The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland苏格兰消灭罗马拯救苏格兰选D项
4D 推理判断题第四段描写蓟帮助苏格兰败罗马蓟定国花选D项
Ⅱ七选五
(2020贵州凯里第中学高二期中)
Learn To Take Breaks While Studying
If one spends too much time studying he will definitely lose concentration on his work and what he does will be in vain He may think he is working hard However the fact is that he just keeps sitting there rereading the same material many times and can＇t get any result 1 Having a break regularly can refresh you and make you always energetic What＇s more doing this can also let you relax your mind now so that you can better your work
Make your plan in advance
2 They actually schedule what they should do first and what to do last They set goals for what will be achieved and make a plan for it If you want to be a success do the same as successful people do and it won＇t let you down Set your goal and insist on working at it and you will develop a routine which is the first step towards forming a good habit 3
Face the challenging task first
Many people like to do the easiest work first to build up confidence However doing this may use up your energy at even the start of any study period Your battery will be low when it comes to dealing with the hard part So what happens then 4 We all may do it We really shouldn＇t though Therefore bravely face the toughest task first and you may receive a big surprise
5
As a matter of fact everybody knows the benefit of doing this Turn them off for some time Don＇t be worried for the world will still be there for you when you log back in Don＇t text your friends or chat with them while doing memory activities Everything will be brilliant if you follow this rule
AThey make plans ahead
BInstead taking regular breaks can be helpful
CPositive habits decide future success
DTaking breaks can make you get everywhere
EYou get tired and impatient and just give up
FGet off social network sites and turn off the phone
GTop students don＇t just randomly sit down and complete work
1 2 3 4 5
答案
[语篇解读] 篇说明文文章介绍学余进行规律休息方法处
1B 根文Having a break regularly can refresh you and make you always energetic知B项承接然文选项具体说明regular breaks关键词选B项
2G 根文They actually schedule what they should do first and what to do last知中They指选项G中Top students衔接然选G项
3C 文Set your goal and insist on working at it and you will develop a routine which is the first step towards forming a good habit中提habitC项容Positive habits decide future success衔接然habits关键词选C项
4E 文Your battery will be low when it comes to dealing with the hard part So what happens then提出问题根中Your battery will be lowE项中You get tired and impatient and just give up衔接然问题回答选E项
5F 根文Turn them off for some time Don＇t be worried for the world will still be there for you when you log back in知段讲述暂停电话社交网络等F项该容相关选F项
Ⅲ完形填空
(2020山东滕州第中学高5月月考)
Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating My friend Stella is such an example Every time we went to a restaurant she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were on the table Then she would spend five minutes in 2 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 3 order Then the most important part taking pictures After that she would choose one of the 4 and click in the filter(滤镜)app The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was but we had no 5 to really enjoy it—it all went cold Actually Stella＇s real life is much less elegant For example she hates to wash the dishes so she leaves them in the sink for days
Many people care too much about others＇ opinions and try hard to 6 others They find it hard to be 7 and to accept themselves and thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media What they are trying to prove is 9 what they lack in reality But this will not bring any 10 into reality as they still 11 the same old pattern of life
If they really want an elegant life they should put more 12 into achieving it 13 fabricating(伪造)it Being more confident 14 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 15 their life on social media
1Aordered Bserved Coffered Dprepared
2Acooking Bwashing Csetting Dcollecting
3Amessy Barranged Ccasual Dmissing
4Adishes Brestaurants Ctables Dpictures
5Achance Bchoice Cexcuse Dreason
6Acomfort Bplease Cinspire Ddiscourage
7Aindependent Bgenerous Cresponsible Dconfident
8Areal Bsecret Cpeaceful Dhealthy
9Ararely Bhardly Cexactly Dnearly
10Adifficulty Bchange Cguidance Dharm
11Aquestion Bdislike Cdoubt Dfollow
12Aeffort Bambitions Cfeelings Dmoney
13Aother than Bmore than Crather than Dless than
14Aidentifying Baccepting Cpersuading Damusing
15Asimplifying Bruining Cbeautifying Dworsening
答案
[语篇解读] 篇夹叙夹议文文章讲述现社交媒体度美化生活作者认信敢接受造成果想优雅生活应该更加努力制造假象
1A 句意次饭馆直点菜桌会开始吃order点serve服务offer提供prepare准备根句意知选A项
2C 根文Then the most important part taking pictures推测菜品摆拍选C项
3B 考查形容词词义辨析messy杂乱arranged布置casual意missing丢失根句意知处应选择random意思相反词选B项
4D 根文taking pictures知处片符合语境picture原词复现选D项
5A 结合文知处指拍导致食物变凉家错享受美食机会选A项
6B 根文Many people care too much about others＇ opinions知处取悦符合语境选B项
7D 根文thus they are afraid to show theirlife on social media知觉接受困难推测信independent独立generous慷慨responsible负责confident信选D项
8A 根文what they lack in reality知处真实符合语境realreality根词选A项
9C 根文what they lack in reality知处指社交媒体展示东西恰缺乏东西选C项
10B 根文as they stillthe same old pattern of life知现实生活没改变选B项
11D 根still面the same推断处指然原方式生活遵循符合语境选D项
12A 根常识知想美生活必须付出努力effort努力ambition抱负feelings感情money金钱选A项
13C 分析文知前容成关系other thanmore than超rather thanless than少选C项
14B 根文They find it hard to beand to accept themselves知处接受符合语境accept原词复现选B项
15C 根第段After that she would choose one of theand click in the filter app知作者朋友美化生活处美化符合语境选C项
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背景导学
喜欢然植物世界解文介绍叶植物受攻击时会坐毙会释放出某种化学物质植物发出种预警信号保护种方式
When a leafy plant is under attack it doesn＇t sit quietly Back in 1983 two scientists Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get These chemicals come from the injured parts of the plant and seem to be an alarm What the plants pump through the air is a mixture of chemicals known as volatile organic compounds VOCs for short
Scientists have found that all kinds of plants give out VOCs when being attacked It＇s a plant＇s way of crying out But is anyone listeningApparently Because we can watch the neighbors＇ react
Some plants pump out smelly chemicals to keep insects away But others do double duty They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers Once they arrive the tables are turned The attacker who was lunching now becomes lunch
In study after study it appears that these chemical conversations can help the neighbors The damage is usually more serious on the first plant but the neighbors relatively speaking stay safer because they heard the alarm and knew what to do
Does this mean that plants talk to each otherScientists don＇t know Maybe the first plant just made a cry of pain or was sending a message to its own branches and so in effect was talking to itself Perhaps the neighbors just happened tooverhearthe cry So information was exchanged but it wasn＇t a true intentional back and forth
Charles Darwin over 150 years ago imagined a world far busier noisier and more intimate(亲密)than the world we can see and hear Our senses are weak There＇s a whole lot going on
译文
叶植物受攻击时会坐毙早1983年两位科学家杰克·舒尔茨伊恩·鲍德温报告中说昆虫咬伤枫树会散发出种邻植物感应特殊气味化学物质植物受伤部位似警报植物通空气排出挥发性机化合物混合物简称VOCs
科学家发现种类植物受攻击时会释放出挥发性机化合物植物哭泣种方式听显然邻居反应
植物发出臭味化学物质昆虫远离植物承担双倍责量排出吸引攻击者说天敌昆虫香味旦达餐桌会反转正享午餐攻击者现变成午餐
项项研究化学沟通起够帮助邻居第攻击植物受伤害通常较严重周围植物相说更安全听警报知道该做
否意味着植物相互交谈科学家知道许第植物疼痛哭起者正枝条发送信息实际说话许周围植物碰巧意中听哭泣信息交换真实意识信息
早150年前查尔斯·达尔文设想听更加繁忙嘈杂亲密世界知觉弱相事情正发生
Section Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
Ⅰ课标单词
1单词拼写
①sample ˈsɑːmp(ə)ln样
②suspect səˈspektv猜想怀疑觉
③evolution ˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)nn进化()
2根英文释义选词填空
finch disgrace ancestor beak seed
①beakthe hard pointed or curved outer part of a bird＇s mouth
②fincha small bird with a short strong beak
③disgracethe loss of other people＇s respect and approval because of the bad way sb has behaved
④seedthe small hard part produced by a plant from which a new plant can grow
⑤ancestora person in your family who lived a long time ago
3词汇拓展
①distant ˈdɪstəntadj遥远→distanceˈdɪstənsn距离
②geologist dʒiˈɒlədʒɪstn质学家→geologydʒiˈɒlədʒin质学→geologicalˌdʒiːəˈlɒdʒɪkladj质(学)
③evolve ɪˈvɒlvv进化→evolutionˌiːvəˈluːʃ(ə)nn演变进化()
④generateˈdʒenəreɪtv 产生创造→generationˌdʒenəˈreɪʃnn(源)产生代
Ⅱ情境词块
1answer the call响应号召
2first choice佳选择
3be a disgrace耻辱丢脸事
4lead to导致
5of all time史
6in question讨中确定
7be crowded with充满满
8come to exist开始存
9at the same time时
10adapt to适应
11inspire sb to do sth激励某做某事
12a variety of种样
13according to根
14be regarded as作
15begin with……开始
Ⅲ情境佳句
1
句型公式
who引导定语句
教材原句
It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree
尝试翻译
年轻医学院肄业
2
句型公式
现分词短语作置定语
教材原句
What＇s more he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be a disgrace to yourself and all your family
尝试翻译
刚收父亲信中父亲预言会成全家耻辱
3
句型公式
形容词短语作状语
教材原句
The young man in question Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals
尝试翻译
提年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣
4
句型公式
sothat引导结果状语句
教材原句
But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory
尝试翻译
达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理
Ⅰ文理解
Step 1 Reading for the main idea
What is the main idea of the text
AIntroduce how On the Origin of Species was written
BTell why Charles Darwin travelled on the Beagle
CShare who was Charles Darwin with readers
DIntroduce how a theory of evolution was discovered
答案 D
Step 2 Reading for the structure
Fill in the following blanks with proper words
Step 3 Reading for the details
Choose the best answer according to the text
1When did Charles Darwin begin his journey of discovery
AIn 1831 BIn 1835
CIn 1836 DIn 1859
答案 A
2What interested Darwin the most on the Galápagos Islands
AFishes BBirds CForests DIslands
答案 B
3According to Darwin how did new species of plants and animals come to exist
AThey came from the same place
BThey appeared on Earth together
CThey evolved from their ancestors
DThey often changed themselves
答案 C
4What caused the theory of evolution to appear
ADarwin＇s journey on the Beagle
BThe writing of On the Origin of Species
CThe remarks from Darwin＇s father
DThe captain of the ship the Beagle
答案 A
Ⅱ难句突破
1[图解难句]
[分析]复合句中who引导定语句句部分谓宾结构the Beaglethe ship位语分词短语yet little known置定语修饰countries
[尝试翻译]贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益
2[图解难句]
[分析]列复合句第分句中When引导时间状语句第二分句强调句强调语
[尝试翻译]1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类
Ⅲ文复述
Step 1 Question Answering
根课文容回答列问题
1How and when did Charles Darwin go aboard on the Beagle
Charles Darwin answered the call of the captain of the ship the Beagle and in 1831 he left England on the ship
2What did the journey give him
The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments
3On the Galápagos Islands in 1835 what interested him the most
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands the birds interested him the most
4By studying what was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist
They evolved from earlier ancestors
5What was put forward by Darwin
He put forward a theory of evolution
6When was his book On the Origin of Species published
It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
Step 2 Text Retelling
句子连成篇语言流畅词准确逻辑严密60词左右短文
Charles Darwin answered the call of the captain of the ship the Beagle and in 1831 he left England on the ship The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands the birds interested him the most By studying he got the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist they evolved from earlier ancestors Later he put forward a theory of evolution His book On the Origin of Species was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
板块 语言知识
1The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益 (教材P50)
Paraphrase The captain of the ship the Beagle needed someone who would benefit from the chance to visit countries that were far away and unknown
语言点1
distant adj遥远远亲疏远
情境探究
①It was difficult to get to know her because she always kept everyone at a distance
难解总保持距离
②She＇s always very distant and cold so I have to keep her at a distance
总冷淡疏远保持距离
③The picture where a girl is staring at the mountain in the distance looks more beautiful at a distance
幅女孩凝远山画远处会更漂亮
纳拓展
distance n距离
in the distance远处
at a distance隔段距离远处
at a distance of……远方
keep sb at a distance某保持距离
keep one＇s distance from……保持距离疏远……
学致
(1)单句填空
①He wanted to get away from everything so he moved to a distant (distance) land
②Travelers should not feed the wild animals in a close distance because they may attack people
③The railway station is at a distance of two miles from our school
(2)单句写作
④更远处欣赏白雪皑皑群山
Farther in the distance I could enjoy the view of snowy mountains
2The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice应聘船长心中理想选(教材P50)
语言点2
answer the call响应号召
情境探究
①I can＇t answer the telephone I am having a bath
接电话正洗澡
②You will have to answer for your behaviour one day
总天行承担责
③I wish I knew the answer to your question
愿知道问题答案
④I don＇t quite know what to say in answer to your question
太清楚回答问题
纳拓展
(1)answer v答复回答应答适合符合
answer to sb(for sth)某(某事)负责
(2)answer n回答答案回应足媲美
the answer to……答案(to介词)
in answer to回答应答响应
温馨提示
answer for接名词代词般接 that 句接类句通常应先接it作形式宾语
学致
(1)单句填空
①The answer to this question is now under exploration
②Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty
③The doctor came at once in answer to our telephone call
(2)单句写作
④保证诚实I can＇t answer for his honesty
3Despite all this his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time次船探险旅带史重项科学发现(教材P50)
语言点3
of all time 史
情境探究
①At one time I used to go skiing every winter
段时间年冬天滑雪
②She ran up the stairs two at a time
步两阶跑楼梯
③He finished off two bowls of noodles in no time
快吃完两碗面条
④The letter was in my pocket all the time
封信直口袋里
⑤At no time could I have said such a thing
决会讲出种话
纳拓展
all the time直 at a time次次
at all times总 at one time度
on time准时 in no time立刻
in time时
at no time永时候(该短语位句首时句子部分倒装)
from time to time时间偶尔
学致
(1)单句填空
①We shall be landing in Paris in sixteen minutes exactly on time
②The worst tornado of all time occurred in 1925 affecting three US states Missouri Illinois and Indiana
③Keep your head up and look around you from time to time
(2)句译
时候应该放弃读书
④At no time should you give up studying
⑤You should not give up studying at any time
4The young man in question Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals提年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣(教材P50)
语言点4
in question讨中疑问确定
情境探究
①The lady in question is not in the office now
谈位女士现没办公室
②Children＇s lives are in danger every time they cross this road
孩子次条马路面着生命危险
③We must try to live in peace and harmony with ourselves and those around us
必须努力周围睦相处
④We looked at each other in silence
相顾言
⑤Even though you are in power you can＇t just do whatever you want
权 欲
纳拓展
in+名词短语in 表示(目前状态形势)处……中
in danger处危险中 in debt负债
in doubt怀疑 in peace静
in silence沉默 in power权
in surprise惊讶 in trouble处麻烦中
学致
(1)单句填空
①The dam was in danger because of the rising flood
②The existence of global warming is in question
(2)单句写作
③总怀疑问题解释
I＇m rather in doubt about his explanation for this question
5After Darwin had spent some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded with samples of the plants and animals he had collected 南美洲度段时间船舱里堆满收集动植物样(教材P51)
语言点5
be crowded with 充满……挤满……
情境探究
①The band played and the crowd cheered
乐队表演观众欢呼
②Thousands of people have crowded into the small town
成千万涌入镇
③I easily spotted him in the crowd because he was very tall
子非常高群中容易认出
纳拓展
(1)be crowded withbe filled withbe full of挤满……
(2)crowd n群
a crowd of群
crowds of成群
(3)crowd v聚集拥挤
crowd into涌入
学致
(1)单句填空
①Hotels are fully booked and the narrow streets are crowded with wonderful customers
②He lost his wallet yesterday when he was in a crowded (crowd) bus
(2)单句写作
③家餐馆餐时间总客满
The restaurant is always crowded with customers at meal times
6As he studied these he asked himself the question how did different species come to exist研究样时产生疑问物种产生(教材P51)
语言点6
come to exist 开始存
情境探究
①Nothing exists on the moon as there is no water and no air
月球没东西生存没水空气
②No one knows when such a custom first came into existence
没知道种风俗什时候开始
③Do you believe in the existence of ghosts Perhaps they only exist in the minds of some people
相信鬼魂存许存想象中
④Steven wrote him a note asking him to come to his apartment
斯蒂芬写张便条请公寓
纳拓展
(1)exist vi存生存生活
exist in存……
exist on……生存……生活
(2)existence n存生存
come into existence开始存产生成立
in existence现存现
(3)come to 苏醒达计想起谈
误区警示
exist物动词动语态通常进行时
学致
(1)赏句猜义
①I never expected those few items to come to so much 计
②When he came to and raised his head he saw Barney 苏醒
③I＇m beyond my depth when it comes to natural sciences 谈
(2)单句填空
④They can＇t exist on the money he＇s earned
⑤This house has been in existence (exist) for many years
7Maybe animals evolved as they adapted to their changing environments许动物适应断变化环境时进化(教材P51)
语言点7
adapt to 适应
情境探究
①It was the culture rather than the language that made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad
文化语言难适应国外新环境
②The author is going to adapt his novel for TV series
位作者算说改编成电视剧
③This TV play was adapted from a historical novel
部电视剧改编部历史说
④The adaptation of the play for a radio manuscript was easy
剧改编成广播稿容易
纳拓展
(1)adapt v()适应
adapt (oneself) to(某)适应……
(2)adapt v改编
adapt from根……改编
adaptfor……改编(改装)……
(3)adaptation n适应改编改编作品
(4)adaptable adj适应适应力
易混辨析
adopt采采纳收养正式通
adapt改写改编适应适合
词汇助记
The young couple had no children of their own and adopted a boy after the earthquake After a few months the boy came to adapt himself to the life in the new home年轻夫妻没孩子震收养男孩月男孩适应新家庭生活
学致
(1)单句填空
①Three of her novels have been adapted for television
②This new film is said to be adapted from a novel by Jane Austen
③The world will be different and we will have to be prepared to adapt to the change
(2)单句写作
④着时间推移逐渐适应学校生活
As time went by I gradually adapted myself to the school life
8When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类(教材P51)
语言点8
a variety of 种样
情境探究
①Some experts believe that the two language varieties are moving closer and closer
专家认两种语言变体正越越接
②A wide variety of flowers were on show in the street
街展出种样花
③I was impressed by the variety of dishes on offer
供应菜肴丰盛印象深刻
④Opinions on this matter vary from person to person件事意见
⑤The menu varies with the season
菜单季节变动
纳拓展
(1)variety n种类变体变种变化样化
the variety of……种类
a (wide) variety ofvarieties of种样……
(2)vary v相异改变
vary in……方面
vary fromto…………等
vary with……变化变化
(3)various adj种样
误区警示
a variety of+名词作语谓语动词名词数保持致the variety of+名词作语谓语动词单数形式
学致
(1)单句填空
①These cars vary in size price colour and so on
②We may have various (vary) ways to deal with such a situation
③The variety of apples is (be) astonishing
(2)单句写作
④常意识肢体语言例子肢体语言种肢体语言文化中相
We see examples of unconscious body language very often yet there is also learned body language which varies from culture to culture
9Darwin suspected that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor which had arrived on the islands a long time before达尔文猜想雀鸟祖先进化雀鸟祖先久前片群岛(教材P51)
语言点9
suspect v猜想怀疑觉
情境探究
①I began to suspect (that) they were trying to get rid of me
开始觉察出正试图摆脱掉
②Suspecting nothing he walked right into the trap
毫觉察径直走入陷阱
③Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect
出示证中相成问题
④I suspected him of stealing the jewelry from the store
怀疑商店偷珠宝
⑤The young man is more intelligent than we suspected him to be年轻猜想更聪明
纳拓展
(1)suspect+npron 怀疑……
suspect+thatwh句 猜想怀疑觉……
suspect sbsth to be怀疑某某事……
suspect sb of怀疑(某……罪)
(2)suspect n嫌疑犯嫌疑分子
(3)suspect adj信住疑
学致
(1)赏句猜义
①If you suspect a gas leak do not strike a match or even turn on an electric light 怀疑
②The police have now narrowed down their list of suspects 嫌疑犯
③His fitness is suspect so we can＇t risk including him in the team 信
(2)单句填空
④They suspected me of having a hand in the affair
⑤Nobody can possibly suspect what he says
10It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm书直1859年出版出版立引起轰动(教材P51)
语言点10
句型公式notuntil直…………
情境探究
①If you don＇t understand anything you may research study and talk to other people until you figure it out
果事明白研究学交谈直弄明白止
②Leave the bandage in position until the doctor tells you to remove it
绷带保持原样直医生拆掉止
③Not until you told me did I have any idea of it
直告诉知道件事
④Gaudi worked on the project from 1882 until his death in 1926
高迪1882年起事项工程直1926年世
⑤You＇re not going out until you＇ve finished this
没事做完准出
纳拓展
(1)含until引导时间状语句复合句中句谓语动词延续性动词(livewaitwork等)时句常肯定形式句谓语动词短暂性动词(gocomeleavefinish等)时句常否定形式
(2)notuntil引导时间状语句时not until置句首句部分倒装结构句倒装
(3)until作介词接名词作宾语
学致
(1)单句填空
①When the red light is on please stop and wait until the green light is on
②He didn＇t apologize to me until he realized that he was wrong
(2)句式升级
③She didn＇t find her mother alive until two days after the earthquake
→Not until two days after the earthquake did she find her mother alive
11And it all began with the journey on the Beagle切开始贝格尔号探索旅(教材P51)
语言点11
begin with(start with) ……开始
情境探究
①A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step
[谚语]千里行始足
②The teacher began the lesson with an English song
老师首英文歌曲开始节课
③To beginstart with we haven＇t enough moneyand secondly we haven＇t enough time
首先没足够资金次没足够时间
纳拓展
(1)beginwith……开始……(动词短语)
(2)to beginstart with 首先第(常作插入语相副词)
学致
(1)单句填空
①To work out a plan one has to start with an investigation(调查)
②To begin (begin) with the author＇s name Mark Twain is itself an invention or the pen name
(2)单句写作
③演出段五十岁耳熟详音乐开始
The show startedbegan with a piece of music familiar to people in their fifties
板块二 课文译
适词句补全教材原文
A Journey of Discovery
The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant① countries yet little known The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice It was a young man who had left medical school without completing his degree What＇s more he had recently received a letter from his father predicting that he would be a disgrace to② yourself and all your family Despite all this his adventures on this ship would lead to one of the most important scientific discoveries of all time③
[文解读]该段简单介绍应聘登贝格尔号年轻情况家评价等信息然未次船探险旅带史重科学发现
发现旅
贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远①鲜知国家中受益应聘船长心中理想选年轻医学院肄业刚收父亲信中父亲预言会成全家耻辱②次船探险旅带史③重项科学发现
The young man in question④ Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist fascinated by rocks plants and animals He left England on the ship the Beagle in 1831The journey gave him the chance to study various living things in their natural environments After Darwin had spent some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded with⑤ samples⑥ of the plants and animals he had collected As he studied these he asked himself the question how did different species come to exist⑦
[文解读]段承接文指出应聘者达尔文产生物种产生想法
提④年轻质学家博物学家查尔斯·达尔文岩石动植物着浓厚兴趣1831年搭贝格尔号英格兰启程次旅程研究然环境中种生物契机南美洲度段时间船舱里堆满⑤收集动植物样⑥研究样时产生疑问物种产生⑦
At that time people believed that all species had appeared on Earth at the same time and had not changed since But Darwin began to think differently He noticed that some species of animals were very similar to each other Maybe animals evolved⑧ as they adapted to⑨ their changing environments It was just an idea but enough to inspire Darwin to look for more evidence
[文解读]该段首先陈述时观点通衔接词But进行转折引出达尔文旅行期间注意事情激发进步寻找证
时认物种时出现球变化达尔文开始想法注意物种动物彼间相似许动物适应⑨断变化环境时进化⑧然设想足够激励达尔文寻求更证
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most⑩ Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches ⑪ on each of the islands It seemed their beaks ⑫ had evolved according to what food was available on that particular island
[文解读]该段介绍达尔文船探索加拉帕戈斯群岛时鸟类产生极兴趣进步推动发现
1835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类⑩达尔文注意群岛中岛雀鸟 ⑪间喙 ⑫似根岛屿觅食物进化
Darwin suspected ⑬ that the finches had evolved from a common ancestor which had arrived on the islands a long time before Over time it had slowly evolved into many new species And that was the answer to how new species of plants and animals came to exist they evolved from earlier ancestors
[文解读]通观察雀鸟新动植物物种产生问题确定答案早期祖先进化
达尔文猜想 ⑬雀鸟祖先进化久前雀鸟祖先片群岛着时间推移慢慢进化成许新种类关动植物新种类产生问题答案早期祖先进化
It was a completely new idea—a theory of evolution ⑭ Darwin explained this theory in his book On the Origin of Species It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm ⑮ Many people refused to believe that living things including humans had evolved from lower forms of life They were shocked But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory ⑯
[文解读]段介绍进化提出产生影响
全新观点——进化 ⑭达尔文物种起源书中解释理书直1859年出版出版立引起轰动 ⑮拒绝相信包括生命更低级生命形式进化感震惊达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理⑯
Today On the Origin of Species is regarded as one of the most important works ever written It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever And it all began with ⑰ the journey on the Beagle
[文解读]该段介绍物种起源书重意义影响源达尔文贝格尔号航行
物种起源认迄止重著作彻底改变类球生命认识切开始 ⑰贝格尔号探索旅
Ⅰ语境填词
1In the early years athletes ate mushrooms and plant seeds (种子) to improve their performance
2The salesman brought some samples (样品) of his firm＇s products
3Not only is your mark in English a disgrace (耻辱) but you have even failed in mathematics
4I suspected (怀疑) that he didn＇t tell me the truth
5As a geologist (质学家) he uncovers the planet＇s past by looking at its rocks
6The direct ancestor (祖先) of the modern cat was the Kaffir cat of ancient Egypt
7The success and failure of a language generate (产生) from the same source
8Please remember that some birds have very powerful beaks (喙)
Ⅱ语境选词
of all time in question be crowded with come to exist adapt to a variety of be regarded as begin with
1Certain forms of knowledge come to exist in certain places
2He is universally recognized as one of the greatest scientists of all time
3My house used to be crowded with visitors but now visitors are few and far between
4The lighting of a wood fire begins with small pieces of wood
5It is regarded as natural behavior that a man helps the old down stairs
6The new teacher was very slow to adapt to the unusual rules of the school
7She made the children glad in a variety of ways
8The new ideas are in question at present and we＇re awaiting final decisions from top management
Ⅲ完成句子
1直时认识问题重性(not until位句首)
Not until then did he realize the importance of the problem
2疗效异(vary with)
The effect of the treatment varies with different individuals
3走快没法(sothat)
They walked so fast that I could not keep up with them
4谨慎避开位严肃教授(distance)
They were careful to keep their distance from the serious professor
5首先天气太冷外没钱(begin)
We can＇t go To begin with it＇s too cold Besides we have no money
Ⅳ课文语法填空
Charles Darwin was a geologist and naturalist who was fascinated by rocks plants and animals He 1left (leave)England on the ship the Beagle in 1831The journey gave him the chance to study 2various (vary) living things in their natural environments After Darwin 3had spent (spend) some time in South America his room on the ship was crowded 4with samples of the plants and animals he had collected As he studied these he asked 5himself (him) the question how did different species come to exist
He noticed that some species of 6animals (animal) were very similar to each other When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species 7but it was the birds that interested him the most Darwin noticed that there was a difference between the finches on each of the islands Over time it had 8slowly (slow) evolved into many new species And that was 9how new species of plants and animals came to exist
It was a completely new idea—a theory of 10evolution (evolve) Darwin explained this theory in his book On the Origin of Species It has changed ideas about life on Earth forever which all began with the journey on the Beagle
Ⅰ单句填空
1Not until then did (do) he realize the importance of the problem
2The drug is suspected of causing over 200 deaths
3A wide variety of flowers were (be) planted in the garden
4This play is adapted from a novel written by Dack
5Do you know when this kind of robot came into exitexistence (exist)
6I can＇t easily give an answer to your question
7The city centre and shops are only a short distance (distant) away
8In the course of evolution (evolve) some birds have lost the power of flying
9The dirty walls are a disgrace to the school
10Don＇t mix up the two kinds of vegetable seeds (seed)
Ⅱ义换
begin with generate be crowded with evolve
lead to distant in question inspire
1A policeman said that the whole matter was being considered (in question)
2The company New England Electric burns coal to produce power (generate)
3The flood resulted in a considerable reduction in production (led to)
4The farmhouse is remote from other buildings (distant)
5Well maybe it would be easier to start with a smaller problem(begin with)
6The idea is to encourage people to get to know their neighbours (inspire)
7The main street is filled with vehicles every morning(is crowded with)
8Each school must develop its own way of working(evolve)
Ⅲ教材原句翻译
1贝格尔号船长想招募样名船员名船员机会访问遥远鲜知国家中受益
The captain of the ship the Beagle wanted someone who would profit by the opportunity of visiting distant countries yet little known
2应聘船长心中理想选
The person who answered the call was not the captain＇s first choice
31835年贝格尔号抵达加拉帕戈斯群岛时达尔文发现种样新物种令感兴趣鸟类
When the Beagle reached the Galápagos Islands in 1835 Darwin saw a variety of new species but it was the birds that interested him the most
4直1859年出版出版立引起轰动
It was not published until 1859 and immediately caused a storm
5达尔文科学研究说服力越越开始接受理
But Darwin＇s scientific studies were so convincing that more and more people started to believe his theory
Ⅰ阅读理解
(2020山东肥城泰西中学高二第次月考)
Hundreds of years ago a Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland The Scots a brave people loved their country They fought hard to drive the enemy out of Scotland But there were too many of the Romans It looked as if the Romans would win
One night the leader of the Scots marched his soldiers to the top of a hill We will rest here tonight my men he said Tomorrow we will fight one more battle We must win or we will die
They were all very tired So they ate their supper quickly and fell asleep There were four guards on duty but they were very tired too and one by one they fell asleep
The Romans were not asleep Quickly they gathered at the foot of the hill Slowly they went up the hill Closer they came to the sleeping Scots They were almost at the top A few minutes more the war would be over Suddenly one of them put his foot on a thistle (蓟) He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle The fighting was hard but it did not last long The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland
The thistle is not a beautiful plant It has sharp needles all over it Few people liked it But the people of Scotland liked it so much that they made it their national flower
1What can we know about the Romans hundreds of years ago
AThey came from the north through England to make war on Scotland
BThey came to north Scotland from England to make war on Scotland
CThey came from the north of England to fight against the Scots
DThey came to the north from the south of Britain to fight against the Scots
2At the shout of a Roman soldier all the Scots who were asleep on the hill
Abegan to fight the Romans hard
Bstood up without putting on their shoes and began to fight
Cwoke and rose immediately ready to fight
Dput their feet into their shoes at once and were ready to fight
3What is the result of the war
AThe Romans killed all the Scots
BThe Scots were defeated
CThe Scots were driven out of Scotland
DThe Scots defeated the Romans
4Why did the Scots made the thistle their national flower
AThe thistle is lovely though not beautiful
BThe thistle gave them happiness
CThe thistle is a kind of useful plant
DThe thistle helped the Scots in wiping out the Romans
答案
[语篇解读] 文篇记叙文百年前苏格兰民抵御罗马军队入侵战斗中种蓟植物关键时刻帮助苏格兰击败罗马军队拯救苏格兰
1B 细节理解题根第段中Hundreds of years agoa Roman army came north from England to make war on Scotland百年前支罗马军队英格兰苏格兰北方仗选B项
2C 细节理解题根第四段中He cried out and his sudden cry woke the Scots In a minute they were on their feet and ready for a battle喊出声突然喊声惊醒苏格兰立马站起准备战斗选C项
3D 细节理解题根第四段中The Scots wiped out the Romans and saved Scotland苏格兰消灭罗马拯救苏格兰选D项
4D 推理判断题第四段描写蓟帮助苏格兰败罗马蓟定国花选D项
Ⅱ七选五
(2020贵州凯里第中学高二期中)
Learn To Take Breaks While Studying
If one spends too much time studying he will definitely lose concentration on his work and what he does will be in vain He may think he is working hard However the fact is that he just keeps sitting there rereading the same material many times and can＇t get any result 1 Having a break regularly can refresh you and make you always energetic What＇s more doing this can also let you relax your mind now so that you can better your work
Make your plan in advance
2 They actually schedule what they should do first and what to do last They set goals for what will be achieved and make a plan for it If you want to be a success do the same as successful people do and it won＇t let you down Set your goal and insist on working at it and you will develop a routine which is the first step towards forming a good habit 3
Face the challenging task first
Many people like to do the easiest work first to build up confidence However doing this may use up your energy at even the start of any study period Your battery will be low when it comes to dealing with the hard part So what happens then 4 We all may do it We really shouldn＇t though Therefore bravely face the toughest task first and you may receive a big surprise
5
As a matter of fact everybody knows the benefit of doing this Turn them off for some time Don＇t be worried for the world will still be there for you when you log back in Don＇t text your friends or chat with them while doing memory activities Everything will be brilliant if you follow this rule
AThey make plans ahead
BInstead taking regular breaks can be helpful
CPositive habits decide future success
DTaking breaks can make you get everywhere
EYou get tired and impatient and just give up
FGet off social network sites and turn off the phone
GTop students don＇t just randomly sit down and complete work
1 2 3 4 5
答案
[语篇解读] 篇说明文文章介绍学余进行规律休息方法处
1B 根文Having a break regularly can refresh you and make you always energetic知B项承接然文选项具体说明regular breaks关键词选B项
2G 根文They actually schedule what they should do first and what to do last知中They指选项G中Top students衔接然选G项
3C 文Set your goal and insist on working at it and you will develop a routine which is the first step towards forming a good habit中提habitC项容Positive habits decide future success衔接然habits关键词选C项
4E 文Your battery will be low when it comes to dealing with the hard part So what happens then提出问题根中Your battery will be lowE项中You get tired and impatient and just give up衔接然问题回答选E项
5F 根文Turn them off for some time Don＇t be worried for the world will still be there for you when you log back in知段讲述暂停电话社交网络等F项该容相关选F项
Ⅲ完形填空
(2020山东滕州第中学高5月月考)
Have you seen people who take pictures of food for more than 10 minutes before eating My friend Stella is such an example Every time we went to a restaurant she would not take a bite until all the dishes we 1 were on the table Then she would spend five minutes in 2 the dishes in a seemingly random but in fact 3 order Then the most important part taking pictures After that she would choose one of the 4 and click in the filter(滤镜)app The food eventually looked 10 times more delicious than it really was but we had no 5 to really enjoy it—it all went cold Actually Stella＇s real life is much less elegant For example she hates to wash the dishes so she leaves them in the sink for days
Many people care too much about others＇ opinions and try hard to 6 others They find it hard to be 7 and to accept themselves and thus they are afraid to show their 8 life on social media What they are trying to prove is 9 what they lack in reality But this will not bring any 10 into reality as they still 11 the same old pattern of life
If they really want an elegant life they should put more 12 into achieving it 13 fabricating(伪造)it Being more confident 14 themselves and trying their best to be better are much more meaningful than 15 their life on social media
1Aordered Bserved Coffered Dprepared
2Acooking Bwashing Csetting Dcollecting
3Amessy Barranged Ccasual Dmissing
4Adishes Brestaurants Ctables Dpictures
5Achance Bchoice Cexcuse Dreason
6Acomfort Bplease Cinspire Ddiscourage
7Aindependent Bgenerous Cresponsible Dconfident
8Areal Bsecret Cpeaceful Dhealthy
9Ararely Bhardly Cexactly Dnearly
10Adifficulty Bchange Cguidance Dharm
11Aquestion Bdislike Cdoubt Dfollow
12Aeffort Bambitions Cfeelings Dmoney
13Aother than Bmore than Crather than Dless than
14Aidentifying Baccepting Cpersuading Damusing
15Asimplifying Bruining Cbeautifying Dworsening
答案
[语篇解读] 篇夹叙夹议文文章讲述现社交媒体度美化生活作者认信敢接受造成果想优雅生活应该更加努力制造假象
1A 句意次饭馆直点菜桌会开始吃order点serve服务offer提供prepare准备根句意知选A项
2C 根文Then the most important part taking pictures推测菜品摆拍选C项
3B 考查形容词词义辨析messy杂乱arranged布置casual意missing丢失根句意知处应选择random意思相反词选B项
4D 根文taking pictures知处片符合语境picture原词复现选D项
5A 结合文知处指拍导致食物变凉家错享受美食机会选A项
6B 根文Many people care too much about others＇ opinions知处取悦符合语境选B项
7D 根文thus they are afraid to show theirlife on social media知觉接受困难推测信independent独立generous慷慨responsible负责confident信选D项
8A 根文what they lack in reality知处真实符合语境realreality根词选A项
9C 根文what they lack in reality知处指社交媒体展示东西恰缺乏东西选C项
10B 根文as they stillthe same old pattern of life知现实生活没改变选B项
11D 根still面the same推断处指然原方式生活遵循符合语境选D项
12A 根常识知想美生活必须付出努力effort努力ambition抱负feelings感情money金钱选A项
13C 分析文知前容成关系other thanmore than超rather thanless than少选C项
14B 根文They find it hard to beand to accept themselves知处接受符合语境accept原词复现选B项
15C 根第段After that she would choose one of theand click in the filter app知作者朋友美化生活处美化符合语境选C项
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