单项选择题(题正确答案序号填入括号题2分计30分)
1.列钢结构计算取荷载设计值标准值( )组符合钢结构设计规范
A.计算结构构件强度稳定性连接强度时应采荷载标准值
B.计算结构构件强度稳定性连接强度时应采荷载设计值
C.计算疲劳正常极限状态时应采荷载标准值
D.计算疲劳正常极限状态时应采荷载设计值
2.钢材伸长率反映材料( )性指标
A.承载力 B.抵抗击荷载力
C.弹性变形力 D.塑性变形力
3.关应力集中说法中正确( )
A. 应力集中降低钢材屈服点
B.应力集中产生号应力场塑性变形受限制
C.应力集中产生异号应力场钢材变脆
D.应力集中提高构件疲劳强度
4.钢材历应变硬化(应变强化)( )
A.强度提高 B.塑性提高 C.冷弯性提高 D.焊性提高
5.钢材牌号Q235Q345Q390Q420根材料( )命名
A.屈服点 B.设计强度 C.抗拉强度 D.含碳量
6.承受轴心力作高强度螺栓摩擦型受剪切连接中净截面强度验算公式中轴心拉杆受力相( )
A. B. C. D.定
7.高强度螺栓摩擦型连接受剪破坏时作剪力超( )作承载力极限状态
A.螺栓抗拉强度 B.连接板件间摩擦力
C.连接板件毛截面强度 D.连接板件孔壁承压强度
8.部分焊透接焊缝计算应( )计算
A. 接焊缝 B. 斜焊缝
C. 断续焊缝 D. 角焊缝
9.焊接工字形截面梁腹板设置加劲肋目( )
A.提高梁抗弯强度 B.提高梁抗剪强度
C.提高梁整体稳定性 D.提高梁局部稳定性
10.承受剪力作普通螺栓抗剪连接中承载力( )
A.栓杆抗剪承载力 B.连接构件(板)承压承载力
C.AB中较值 D.AB中较值
11.计算格构式轴心受压柱整体稳定时换算长细代考虑( )
A.格构柱弯曲变形影响 B.格构柱剪切变形影响
C.缀材弯曲变形影响 D.缀材剪切变形影响
12.轴心受压构件柱脚底板面积取决( )
A.底板抗弯刚度 B.柱子截面积
C.基础材料强度等级 D.底板厚度
13.工字形截面梁受压翼缘宽厚限值式中( )
A.翼缘板外伸宽度
B.翼缘板全部宽度
C.翼缘板全部宽度13
D.翼缘板效宽
14焊接组合梁设计中腹板厚度应( )
A. 越薄越 B. 越厚越 C. 厚薄相 D. 厚薄谓
15.计算格构式压弯构件缀材时剪力应取( )
A.构件实际剪力设计值
B.公式计算剪力
C. 构件实际剪力设计值公式计算剪力两者中较值
D.公式计算剪力
二判断题(正确划 √错误划× 题2分计30分)
1.结构设计中失效概率越指标越结构性越差( )
2.高温时硫钢变脆称冷脆低温时磷钢变脆称冷脆热脆( )
3.脱氧方法钢分沸腾钢半镇静钢镇静钢特殊镇静钢中沸腾钢脱氧差( )
4.钢材越厚压缩越厚度钢材强度较塑性击韧性焊接性较差( )
5.焊缝施焊位置分焊横焊立焊仰焊中焊操作条件差焊缝质量易保证( )
6.钢结构设计规范规定角焊缝中焊角尺寸中t较薄焊件厚度( )
7.构件存焊接残余应力会降低结构刚度( )
8.螺栓排列分列错列两种形式中列减栓孔截面削弱螺栓排列松散连接板尺寸较( )
9.静荷载作焊接残余应力影响结构静力强度( )
10.轴心受压构件板件薄压力作板件离开面位置发生凸曲现象称构件丧失整体稳定( )
11.构件长细计算长度回转半径( )
12.梁抗剪强度满足设计求时效办法增腹板高度 ( )
13.工字形截面简支梁受压翼缘侧支承点间距离越时梁整体稳定越( )
14.偏心受压柱刚接柱脚传递轴心压力剪力铰接柱脚传递轴心压力剪力外传递弯矩( )
15.进行拉弯压弯构件设计时压弯构件仅需计算强度刚度拉弯构件需计算强度局部稳定整体稳定刚度 ( )
三简答题(题8分计24分)
1.什疲劳断裂?影响钢材疲劳强度素?
2.规定螺栓排列容许距离?
3.计算格构式轴心受压构件绕虚轴整体稳定时什采换算长细?
四计算题(计16分)
图示拉弯构件长6000mm轴拉力设计值800kN横均布荷载设计值7kNm设截面削弱钢材Q345( f310Nmm2)构件采普通工字钢I22a截面积A=421cm2重量032kNmWx=310cm3ix=899cmiy=232cm验算截面否满足设计求
已知:允许长细截面塑性发展系数荷载分项系数10
公式:
试题答案评分标准(供参考)
单项选择题(题正确答案序号填入括号题2分计30分)
1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.A
6.B 7.B 8.D 9.D 10.C
11.D 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.C
二判断题(正确划√错误划×题2分计30分)
1.(√) 2.(×) 3.(√) 4.(√) 5.(×)
6.(×) 7.(√) 8.(×) 9.(√) 10.(×)
11.(√) 12.(×) 13.(√) 14.(×) 15.(×)
三简答题(题8分计24分)
简答题点根具体情况酌情分
1.什疲劳断裂?影响钢材疲劳强度素?
答:钢材疲劳断裂微观裂纹连续反复荷载作断扩展直断裂脆性破坏钢材疲劳强度取决构造状况(应力集中程度残余应力)作应力幅反复荷载循环次数
2.规定螺栓排列容许距离?
答:避免螺栓周围应力集中相互影响钢板截面削弱钢板端部螺栓剪破坏连接板件间发生鼓曲现象满足施工空间求等规定肋螺栓排列容许距离
3.计算格构式轴心受压构件绕虚轴整体稳定时什采换算长细?
答:格构式轴心受压构件绕虚轴失稳时肢件间连续板隔定距离缀条缀板联系起构件剪切变形较剪力造成附加影响忽略采换算长细考虑缀材剪切变形格构式轴心受压构件绕虚轴稳定承载力影响
四计算题(计16分)
题答案点根具体情况酌情分
解:(1)验算强度
(4分)
(4分)
(2)验算长细
(4分)
(4分)
选截面满足设计求
请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄After earning his spurs in the kitchens of The Westin The Sheraton Sens on the Bund and a sprinkling of other topnotch venues Simpson Lu fi nally got the chance to become his own boss in November 2010 Sort of The Shanghaiborn chef might not actually own California Pizza Kitchen (CPK) but he is in sole charge of both kitchen and frontof house at this Sinan Mansions'stalwart It’s certainly a responsibility to be the head chef and then to have to manage the rest of the restaurant as well the 31yearold tells Enjoy Shanghai In hotels for example these jobs are strictly demarcated so it’s a great opportunity to learn how a business operates across the board It was a task that management back in sunny California evidently felt he was ready for and a vote of confi dence from a company that to date has opened 250 outlets in 11 countries And for added pressure the Shanghai branch was also CPK’s China debut For sure it was a big step and unlike all their other Asia operations that are franchises they decided to manage it directly to begin with says Simpson Two years ago a private franchisee took over the lease but the links to CPK headquarters are still strong with a mainlandbased 'brand ambassador’ on hand to ensure the business adheres to its ethos of creating innovative hearthbaked pizzas a slice of PR blurb that Simpson insists lives up to the hype They are very innovative he says The problem with most fast food places is that they use the same sauce on every pizza and just change the toppings Every one of our 16 pizza sauces is a unique recipe that has been formulated to complement the toppings perfectly The largely local customer base evidently agrees and on Saturday and Sunday at least the place is teeming The kidseatforfree policy at weekends is undoubtedly a big draw as well as is the spacious secondfl oor layout overlooked by a canopy of green from Fuxing Park over the road The company is also focusing on increasing brand recognition and in recent years has taken part in outside events such as the regular California Week Still the sta are honest enough to admit that business could be better as good in fact as in CPK’s second outlet in the popular Kerry Parkside shopping mall in Pudong Sinan Mansions has really struggled to get the number of visitors that were envisaged when it first opened and it hasn’t been easy for any of the tenants here adds Simpson We’re planning a third outlet in the city in 2015 and we will probably choose a shopping mall again because of the better foot traffic The tearooms once frequented by Coco Chanel and Marcel Proust are upping sticks and coming to Shanghai Xu Junqian visits the Parisian outpost with sweet treats One thing the centuryold Parisian tearoom Angelina has shown is that legendary fashion designer Coco Chanel not only had style and glamor but also boasted great taste in food pastries in particular One of the most popular tearooms in Paris Angelina is famous for having once been frequented by celebrities such as Chanel and writer Marcel Proust Now Angelina has packed up its French ambience efficient service and beautiful comforting desserts and flown them to Shanghai At the flagship dinein and takeout space in Shanghai everything mimics the original tearoom designed from the beginning of the 20th century in Paris the height of Belle Epoque The paintings on the wall for example are exactly the same as the one that depicts the landscape of southern France the hometown of the owner and the small tables are intentional imitations of the ones that Coco Chanel once sat at every afternoon for hot chocolate The famous hot chocolate known as L’Africain is a luxurious mixture of four types of cocoa beans imported from Africa blended in Paris and then shipped to Shanghai It’s sinfully sweet rich and thick as if putting a bar of melting chocolate directly on the tongue and the fresh whipped cream on the side makes a light but equally gratifying contrast It is also sold in glass bottles as takeaway The signature MontBlanc chestnut cake consists of three parts the pureed chestnut on top the vanilla cream like stuffing and the meringue as base Get all three layers in one scoop not only for the different textures but also various flavors of sweetness The dessert has maintained its popularity for a century even in a country like France perhaps the world’s most competitive place for desserts A much overlooked pairing is the ParisNew York choux pastry and N226 chocolate flavored tea The choux pastry is a mouthful of airy pecanflavored whipped cream while the tea a blend of black teas from China and Ceylon cocoa and rose petals offers a more subtle fragrance of flowers and chocolate Ordering these two items featuring a muted sweetness makes it easier for you to fit into your little black dress Breakfast brunch lunch and light supper are also served at the tearoom a hub of many cultures and takes in a mix of different styles of French cuisines according to the management team The semicooked foie gras terrine is seductive and deceptive It’s generously served at the size and shape of a toast while the actual brioche toast is baked into a curved slice dipped with fig chutney The flavor however is honest strong smooth and sublime And you don’t actually need the toast for crunchiness This is the season for high teas with dainty cups of fine china and little pastries that appeal to both visual and physical appetites But there is one high tea with a difference and Pauline D Loh finds out just exactly why it is special Earl Grey tea and macarons are all very well for the crucial recuperative break inbetween intensive bouts of holiday season shopping And for those who prefer savory to sweet there is still the selection of classic Chinese snacks called dim sum to satisfy and satiate High tea is a meal to eat with eye and mouth an inbetween indulgence that should be light enough not to spoil dinner but sufficiently robust to take the edge off the hunger that strikes hours after lunch The afternoon tea special at ShangXi at the Four Seasons Hotel Pudong has just the right elements It is a pampering meal with touches of luxury that make the high tea session a treat in itself Whole baby abalones are braised and then topped on a shortcrust pastry shell a sort of Chinese version of the Western volauvent but classier Even classier is the dim sum staple shrimp dumpling or hargow upgraded with the addition of slivers of midnight dark truffles This is a master touch and chef Simon Choi who presides unchallenged at ShangXi has scored a winner again Sweet prawns and aromatic truffles — what’s not to love His masterful craftsmanship is exhibited in yet another pastry — a sweet pastry that is shaped to look like a walnut but which you can put straight into the mouth It crumbles immediately and the slightly sweet nutty morsel is so easy to eat you’ll probably reach straight for another My favorite is the dessert that goes by the name yangzhi ganlu or ambrosia from the gods The hotel calls it chilled mango cream with sago pomelo and bird’s nest – made with ingredients that resonate with every female soul It does taste like ambrosia with the sweetsour fragrance of the mango forming the first layer of taste and sensation and the pomelo sacs and sago pearls providing the tactile contrast The bird’s nest — it’s the ingredient that gilds the lily since it is supposed to nourish and nurture a perfect complexion For those unfamiliar with this exotic ingredient the bird’s nest is not a bundle of twigs but is instead the dried secretion that cave swifts use to build their nest Technically it’s bird saliva but the Chinese believe that it has collagenboosting properties essential to beauty To me it just tastes good adding a slight gelatinous crunch to the back of the teeth There is also a baked mushroom puff pastry that includes the highly prized Matsutake or pine mushroom You also get a choice of teas but I strongly recommend the aged Pu’er from Yunnan province It is a mellow tea that will go perfectly with the rich little nuggets and will warm you up on a cold afternoon Incidentally the general guide is green tea such as Longjing or Dragonwell for the hot season semifermented teas like Wulong or Iron Buddha for autumn and more warming teas like Pu’er for winter The ShangXi afternoon tea costs 228 yuan (37) per person and 388 yuan for the more opule
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