电大专科动物检疫技术期末考试重点知识必备小抄


    电动物检疫技术期末考试抄
    名词解释
    1 传染:病原微生物侵入动物机体定部位寄居生长繁殖引起机体系列病理反应程称传染
    2 抗传染免疫:病原微生物侵入动物机体适中生长繁殖机体迅速调动身防御力量消灭出现见病理变化床症状种状态称抗传染免疫
    3 易感性:动物某种病原微生物缺乏免疫力(没抵抗力)称易感性
    4 传染病:病原微生物引起定潜伏期诊表现具传染性流行性疾病称传染病
    5 疫病传染病寄生虫病统称疫病
    6 显性传染表现出某种传染病特明显床症状传染程称显性传染
    7 隐性传染:感染呈现床症状呈隐蔽传染程称隐性传染
    8 外源性传染:病原体新动物体外侵入体引起传染程称外源性传染
    9 源性传染:正常存机体条件性病原体诱发素作引起机体发病传染程称源性传染
    10 单纯传染:种病原体引起传染程称单纯传染
    11 混合传染:两种两种病原体引起传染程称混合传染
    12 典型传染:感染程中表现出某种传染病特征性代表性诊症状传染程称典型传染
    13 非典型传染:感染程中诊表现轻重典型症状传染程成非典型传染
    14 局部感染:动物机体抵抗力较强侵入病原体毒力较弱数量较少病原体局限定部位部位生长繁殖引起定病理变化传染程称局部感染
    15 全身感染:动物机体抵抗力较弱侵入病原体破机体种防御屏障侵入血液全身扩散引起严重病理变化明显床症状称全身感染
    16 良性传染:死亡率作判定传染病严重性指标般引起批动物死亡传染类型称良性传染
    17 恶性传染:死亡率作判定传染病严重性指标般引起批动物死亡传染类型称恶性传染
    18 病毒持续性感染:某病毒侵染机体动物呈现长期持续感染状态称病毒持续性感染
    19 慢病毒感染:慢病毒感染指潜伏期长发病呈进行性常死亡转病毒感染
    20 潜伏期:病原微生物侵入机体动物机体开始出现诊症状止段时间
    21 传染源:病原微生物中寄居生长繁殖断外环境排出动物机体称传染源
    22 传染期:传染源排出病原体整时期称传染期
    23 继发性传染:动物感染种病原微生物导致机体抵抗力降新侵入原存体种病原微生物引起感染称继发性传染
    24 病原携带动物:病原携带动物指外表症状携带排出病原体动物
    25 传播途径:病原体传染源排出定方式侵入易感动物途径称传播途径
    26 垂直传播:病原体代受感染动物传代动物传播方式垂直传播
    27 水传播:病原体动物群体间体间横行传播方式水传播
    28 直接接触传播:病原体通已受感染动物健康动物直接接触发生传播方式称直接接触传播
    29 间接接触传播:外界环境素作病原体通传播媒介易感动物发生传染传播方式称间接接触传播
    30 传播媒介:传染源病原体传播易感动物种外界环境素称传播媒介
    31 易感动物:某种传染病病原体缺乏免疫力容易感染动物称易感动物
    32 疫源:传染源排出病原体存分布区称疫源
    33 然疫源性疾病:具然疫源性疾病称然疫源性疾病
    34 然疫源性:某传染病病原体然条件没类家畜参通吸血节肢动物感染野生脊椎动物等宿造成流行种现象称然疫源性
    35 然疫源:存然疫源性疾病域称然疫源
    36 疫病预防:疫病预防采取种措施疫病排未受感染畜(禽)群外
    37 疫病防制:疫病防制采取种措施减少消疫病病源降低发病数死亡数疫病限制定范围
    38 疫病消灭:疫病消灭指定种类病原体消灭引起疫病流行发生
    39 检疫:检疫应种诊断方法畜禽畜禽产品进行疫病检查采取相应措施防止疫病发生传播
    40 产检疫:产检疫畜禽生产区检疫目前般指集贸市场检疫畜禽收购检疫
    41 运输检疫:畜禽产品启运前专门检疫机构进行检疫目前般指铁路检疫交通道检疫
    42 口岸检疫:进出国境动物动物产品进行检疫称口岸检疫
    43 疫区:般疫源称疫区
    44 受威胁区:疫区周围区称受威胁区区时遭受疫区疫病侵入受威胁
    45 传染性变态反应:动物患某传染病特慢性传染病时该病原体产物(某种抗原物质)次进入产生强烈反应种反应称变态反应
    46 发病率:某种传染病发病动物数占易感动物总数率发病率
    47 感染率:某种种诊断方法检查阳性动物数占易感动物总数率称感染率
    48 死亡率:定时期某种传染病死亡动物数占易感动物总数率指死亡率
    49 病死率:定时期某种传染病死亡动物数占发病动物数率指死亡率
    50 免疫接种:免疫接种指易感动物接种预防性生物制品提高特异性抵抗力降低易感性易感动物转化易感动物
    51 计划免疫接种:计划免疫接种指定免疫程序易感动物(群)进行免疫接种
    52 紧急免疫接种:紧急免疫接种指发生某种传染病动物运输等情况尚未发病动物进行应急性免疫接种
    53 动免疫:动免疫指动物接种抗原性生物制品刺激机体产生特异性免疫力降低易感性
    54 动免疫:动免疫指动物接种免疫血清抗毒素等抗体性生物制品动物机体获特异性抵抗力降低易感性
    55 生物制品:生物制品指生物材料作原料采生物化学生物物理学等方法制备预防传染性疾病免疫病肿瘤病等制剂
    56 免疫程序:免疫接种时根传染病流行规律疫苗性质接种动物特点确定接种次序接种途径免疫剂量接种次数时间间隔等素制定免疫计划
    57 兽患病:兽患病指脊椎动物类间然传播疾病感染
    58 抗病育种:抗病力作种遗传性状性状样通亲代传代动物通选种培育筛选出抗某传染病动物品系称抗病育种
    59 SPF动物:SPF动物指明确规定病原微生物寄生虫动物没明确规定传染病寄生虫病动物动物群
    60 流行程:家畜传染病流行传染源传播途径易感动物三基环节相互联系构成谓流行程传染病体感染发病发展群体感染发病程传染病畜禽群发生发展程
     1.病原学检查法:病原学检查法利兽医微生物学寄生虫学方法查出动物疫病病原体诊断动物疫病种较诊断方法
      2.病理剖检:病理剖检动物检疫员检查动物体脏器病理变化确定病变性质进探讨病变病变间相互关系然进行综合分析判定动物疾病性质
      3.铁路检疫:铁路检疫指农牧部门设铁路车站动物防疫监督检查站(点)铁路站(点)动物防疫监督检查站检疫工作铁路运输畜禽产品检疫监督均铁路动物防疫监督员负责进行
      4.感官检验:感官检验皮张检疫重方法检查皮张颜色洁净度否带皮肌脂肪油污泥土否皮肤疹块异味缺陷等手抓皮张感觉判断皮张厚薄致密度毛附着状态等
      5.禽流感:禽流感A型流感病毒引起种禽类种急性高度致死性传染病病称真性鸡瘟欧洲鸡瘟
      6.动物检疫范围:动物检疫范围:动物检疫范围指动物检疫责界限根国动物检疫关法规规定国收购交易饲养屠宰进出中华民国国境贸易性非贸易性动物动物产品运载工具均属动物检疫范围
      7.直接凝集试验:直接凝集试验颗粒性抗原抗体体外结合细菌颗粒性抗原电解质存适宜条件相应抗体特异性结合产生明显凝集现象
      8.动物检疫处理:动物检疫处理指检出患病动物污染环境处理时合理进行动物检疫处理防止疫病扩散仅动物防疫工作重措施类卫生保健工作重措施动物检疫工作中做检疫处理算真正完成动物检疫工作务
      9.感官检验:感官检验皮张检疫重方法检查皮张颜色洁净度否带皮肌脂肪油污泥土否皮肤疹块异味缺陷等手抓皮张感觉判断皮张厚薄致密度毛附着状态等
      10.尸僵:指动物死亡初神系统麻痹肌肉先出现暂时性弛缓短时间肌肉收缩变致密僵硬尸体固定定状态种现象称尸僵
      11.直接凝集试验:直接凝集试验颗粒性抗原抗体体外结合
      12.动物检疫处理:动物检疫处理指检出患病动物污染环境处理时合理进行动物检疫处理防止疫病扩散仅动物防疫工作重措施类卫生保健工作重措施动物检疫工作中做检疫处理算真正完成动物检疫工作务
      13.鉴培养基:利细菌分解糖蛋白质力代谢产物基础培养基营养培养基中加入某种特殊成分指示剂混合起种细菌种培养基生长时表现肉眼变化达鉴细菌目
      14.隔离检疫:指动物放具定条件隔离场隔离圈(列车箱船仓)进行检疫方式隔离检疫进出境检疫准备出境动物产检疫动物运输前程中发现疑传染病时运输检疫建立健康畜群时净化检疫
      15.报告疫情:报告疫情指检疫中发现规定疫病疑似规定疫病时应时程序级动物防检机构报告迅速准确报告疫情掌握疫情作出判断效处理重意义
      16.国动物检疫:国动物产品进行检疫象检疫称国动物检疫简称检检包括产检疫屠宰检疫运输检疫市场检疫监督
      17.动物检疫:动物检疫(animal quarantine)指国家法定检疫检验监督机构员采法定检疫方法法定检疫项目.检疫象检疫检验标准动物动物产品进行检查.定性处理项带强制性技术行政措施
      18.中试验:中试验生物活性抗原相应抗体结合失原生物活性种血清学试验该反应具高度特异性严格量关系
      19.梗死:血迅速发生阻塞侧枝循环充分建立情况血流阻断引起局部组织坏死称梗死
      20.隔离检疫:指动物放具定条件隔离场隔离圈(列车箱.船仓)进行检疫方式隔离检疫进出境检疫准备出境动物产检疫动物运输前.程中发现疑传染病时运输检疫建立健康畜群时净化检疫
      21.动物检疫象:动物检疫象指动物检疫中国政府世界动物卫生组织(OIE)规定应检疫动物疫病
      22.产检疫:产检疫指县境流动畜禽产品离开饲养.生产前进行检疫场户指定点产检疫
      23.运输检疫:运输检疫运出县(市)境动物实施检疫运输检疫务运出县境动物实行检疫出具运输检疫证明
      24.市场检疫监督:市场检疫监督畜禽产品市场交易程中进行检疫监督 
    二填空
    1.猪宰检疫时具剖检意义淋巴结应该:颌淋巴结颈浅背侧淋巴结 淋巴结腹股沟浅淋巴结髂
    2.宰前检疫体检疫方法总结听 四领摸检
    3.动物检疫方式分 检疫 检疫两种情况现场隔离
    4.宰检验猪颌淋巴结目检查 咽炭疽结核
    5.宰前检疫程序包括进厂(场)验收 3步骤住场检疫宰前送检
    6 细菌分离培养时接种方法包括倾注皿接种法板划线接种法斜面接种法_ ___接种法_ __接种法穿刺液体培养基
    8.动物死亡尸体变化包括尸冷尸僵尸斑________________血液凝固良尸体腐败
    9 猪瘟床症状分急性型急性型 亚急性型慢性型
    10 动物检疫基方法包括流行病学调查法诊检查法病理学检查法法 法病原学检查免疫学检查
    11 充血分 充血 充血两种动脉型静脉性
    12 坏死分凝固性坏死 坏死 3种类型液化性纤维素样
    16 国动物检疫包括产检疫屠宰检疫 运输检疫市场检疫
    17 检疫免疫学法 血清学实验变态反应法
    19 动物检疫性质范围包括生产性动物检疫贸易性动物检疫非贸易性动物检疫 动物检疫 动物检疫观赏性境性
    三选择题
    1.猪蓝耳病学名( D )
    A.伪狂犬病 B.链球菌病 C.蓝舌病D.繁殖呼吸综合征
    2.猪正常体温(℃)( C )
    A 37 5~395 B 37 5~385
    C 38 0~395 D 38 0~390
    3.列传染病中属国规定类疫病( C )
    A 鸡传染性支气炎 B.鸡白痢
    C.鸡新城疫 D.鸡传染性法氏囊病
    4.牛出血性败血病病原体( B )
    A 沙门氏菌 B.巴氏杆菌
    C.布鲁氏菌 D.李氏杆菌
    5.病理组织学检查病料固定时间约需(C)时
    A.6~8 B.8~10 C.12~24 D.24~48
    6.列4种传染病中属国规定二类动物疫病( A )
    A.流行性乙型脑炎 B.猪水疱病
    C.牛瘟 D.牛传染性胸膜肺炎
    7.列4种传染病中病原体细菌( A )
    A.猪丹毒 B.猪瘟
    C.狂犬病 D.猪繁殖呼吸综合征
    8.口蹄疫英文缩写什?( D )
    A.IBD B.BSE C.SVD D.FMD
    9.外文缩写BSE指( D )
    A.牛副结核病 B.牛瘟
    C.牛出血性败血病 D.牛海绵状脑病
    10列传染病中国已消灭疫病( C )
    A.猪瘟 B.口蹄疫C.牛瘟D.禽流感
    1.列畜禽中容易感染弓形虫病( C )
    A.牛 B.羊
    C.猪 D.鸡
    2.病理组织学检查病料固定时间约需(C )时
    A.6~8 B.8~10
    C.12~24 D.24~48
    3.列4种传染病中体温升高3℃(包括3℃)疾病( )
    A.猪丹毒 B.猪瘟
    C.猪肺疫 D.布鲁氏菌病
    4.羊正常体温(℃)( C )
    A.38.0~39.5 B.37.5~38.5
    C.37.5~39.5 D.38.0~39.0
    5.猪肺疫病原体( D )
    A.沙门氏菌 B.布鲁氏菌
    C.李氏杆菌 D.巴氏杆菌
    6.猪正常体温(℃)( C )
    A.37.5~39.5 B.37.5~38.5
    C.38.0~39.5 D.38.O~39.O
    7.牛出血性败血病病原体( B )
    A.沙门氏菌 B.巴氏杆菌
    C.布鲁氏菌 D.李氏杆菌
    8.列属国规定二类动物疫病( )
    A.流行性乙型脑炎 B.猪水疱病
    C.牛瘟 D.牛传染性胸膜肺炎
    9.马正常体温(℃)( A )
    A.37.5~38.5 B.38.0~39.5
    C.37.5~39.5 D.38.O~39.O
    10.鸡传染性支气炎病毒英文缩写( B )
    A.IBDV B.IBV
    C.RHDV D.ILV
    3.鸡白痢病原体(D )
    A 巴氏杆菌 B 李氏杆菌
    C 布鲁氏菌 D 沙门氏菌
    四简答题述题
    1动物检疫特点
      ()强制性
      动物检疫受法律保护政府行政行国家行政力量支持国家强制力盾特性
      (二)法定机构员
      动物检疫工作单位员实施必须法定检疫机构检疫员实施具法律效力动物检疫性质决定
      (三)法定检疫项目检疫象
      动物检疫员实施检疫行程中必须严格法定检疫项目检疫象进行操作意减少意增加必须严格法办事
      (四)法定检疫标准方法
      动物检疫科学性法理特点决定必须采动物防疫法律法规统规定检疫方法判定标准动物检疫方法判定标准旦法律规定相尺子尺子中华民国领域统衡量动物检疫工作单位均例外
      (五)法定处理方法
      动物动物产品实施检疫应根检疫结果法做出处理决定处理方法必须法进行意设定
      2宰检疫目意义
      宰检疫目发现妨碍类健康已丧失营养价值胴体脏器组织食性做出明确判定确保食肉安全性宰前检疫检出症状明显体温反应病畜禽缺乏明显症状特处发病初期疾病潜伏期病畜禽疑病畜禽留宰胴体脏器作直接病理学观察必实验室检验做出确诊宰检疫宰前检疫继续补充保证肉品卫生质量保证食肉者安全防止疫病扩散具重意义
      3牛口蹄疫床特征
      潜伏期均2~4天病牛体温升高达40~41℃精神委顿食欲减退闭口流涎继唇齿龈舌面颊部黏膜发生蚕豆核桃水疱流涎增呈白色泡沫状常挂满嘴边采食反刍完全停止1昼夜水疱破裂形成浅表边缘整齐红色烂斑时体温降烂斑逐渐愈合全身症状转趾间蹄冠皮肤时稍发生水疱破溃形成烂斑感染快愈合感染化脓坏死甚造成蹄匣脱落时乳头皮肤出现水疱
      4产检疫市场检疫监督中流行病学调查
      (1)前疫病流行情况调查
      查清前疫病发病时间点蔓延程流行范围分布二查清关数率疫病流行区种动物数量发病动物种类数量性年龄感染率发病率患病率致死率死亡率
      (2)疫情源调查
      进行调查否发生该种疫病发生时流行情况防制措施历史资料查二进行邻调查未发生该病调查邻否发生该疫病三原调查次发生疫情前否外引进畜禽畜禽产品饲料等引进畜禽原输出否发生类似疫病
      (3)传播途径调查
      调查饲养理饲养理方法放牧情况畜禽流动情况采购情况二调查畜禽卫生防疫情况三调查疫病传播素
      (4)然社会情况调查
      然情况包括发病区形河流气候昆虫野生动物交通状况等社会情况包括民生产生活情况关干部业务技术员关员疫情态度等
      5出入境检疫运输检疫宰前检疫中流行病学调查方法
      (1)产情况调查:调查畜禽源品种年龄性二调查产疫情情况三调查免疫接种情况
      (2)采购情况调查:调查采购疫情二调查采购集中圈养中转程中发病死亡三调查时种检疫
      (3)运输情况调查:调查运出时间运输方式途中饲养情况动物健康情况二调查途点途疫情
      (4)疫情动态调查:调查疫情动态二解邻区疫情动态三解国区疫情动态四解国际疫情动态
      6动物检疫原
      动物检疫项具体技术行政行根行政法基原检疫工作技术性强特点动物检疫应遵循原:
      ()法实施原
      动物检疫政府行政行检疫方实施行必须严格法律规定进行检疫方必须法律规定动报检接受检疫配合检疫员作处理工作
      (二)尊重事实原
      处理检疫工作道程序处理患病动物染疫动物产品时必须事实法律准绳掌握事实
      (三)尊重科学原
      检疫工作项技术性强工作检疫员必须科学检疫方法先进检疫技术设备结合丰富实践验熟练技术操作真正揭示检动物产品否带检疫象
      (四)促进生产利流通原
      检动物动物产品绝部分已进入进入流通领域生产营者说流通速度越快济效益越高生产促进作越动物检疫工作必须准确基础力求快速杜绝检疫时间长影响流通制约生产
      (五)预防原
      检疫目预防控制扑灭动物疫病必须贯彻预防方针条原动物疫病流行特点决定失原动物检疫工作会变毫意义(六)检疫营相分离原
      检疫作执法行营合起分离体现检疫行公正性  
      7高致病性禽流感床症状
      高致病性禽流感常突然暴发流行初期病例见明显症状突然死亡症状稍缓者见精神沉郁头翅垂鼻分泌物增常摇头企图甩出分泌物严重引起窒息病鸡流泪颜面浮肿冠肉髯肿胀发绀出血坏死脚鳞变紫痢出现歪脖跛行抽搐等神症状蛋鸡产蛋停止
      8剖检记录报告容求
      ①剖检记录:剖检记录应定格式书写剖检时指定专剖检者口述书写具备条件时剖检完时时补记病变形态位置色泽硬度结构等客观描述语言加说明切诊断术语名词代病变文字难描绘时画简图作说明现场摄影
      剖检记录容:般畜龄毛色途死亡日期剖检日期剖检点床病历概:发病日期床症状治疗外部检查事项部检查事项等
      ②剖检报告:应包括容序编排般项目病理诊断病历摘床诊断体检查(片者附片)显微镜检查细菌真菌培养寄生虫检查毒物化验结果死亡原讨总结
      剖检报告时写出解剖检疫员签字发出剖检报告单式二份份寄送报检单位份检疫单位存档
      9检查寄生虫卵饱溶液浮集法 
      适绦虫线虫虫卵球虫卵囊检查杯水放少许粪便加入10~20倍饱食盐溶液边搅拌两层纱布细网筛粪水滤圆柱状玻璃杯静止20~30min柄金属圈蘸取粪水液膜抖落载玻片加盖玻片镜检
      10病毒培养方法
      根病毒种类培养条件培养病毒时采鸡胚接种动物接种组织培养等方法
      1.动物接种
      病毒注射口服等途径进入易感动物体量增殖动物产生特定反应动物接种病毒分离病毒致病力试验疫苗效力试验疫苗抗血清生产等
      2.鸡胚接种
      鸡胚培养病毒简便济数病毒鸡胚中增殖少数病毒鸭胚鹅胚培养般选9~12日龄鸡胚病毒分接种羊膜腔卵黄囊尿囊腔绒毛尿囊膜等部位
      3.组织培养
      离体活细胞培养病毒方法称组织培养法组织培养病毒分离培养抗原制备疫苗生产等
      11动物检疫中群体检查方法
      群体检查般采静态动态饮食状态检查谓三态检查法
      (1)静态检查
      检疫员深入圈舍车船仓库惊扰畜群情况仔细观察动物然安静状态表现外界事物反应力站立卧睡姿势毛呼吸反刍(反刍动物)状态等注意异常站立卧睡姿势咳嗽气喘呻吟战栗流涎嗜睡独立隅等异常现象
      (2)动态检查
      静观察圈动物哄起卸载预检圈赶程中观察动物起立姿势行动姿势精神状态等注意站立稳行动困难跛行屈背拱腰离群掉队喘息咳嗽等异常现象中发现疑患病动物
      (3)饮食状态检查
      畜群进食期观察采食饮水情况注意少食少饮食饮吞咽困难呕吐流涎异常鸣等情况动物进食进食期间(奶牛等)般排粪排尿惯机会观察排粪排尿姿势注意粪便干燥拉稀尿少尿色发红等异常现象
      述检查发现异常现象动物应标记号予隔离留进步检查
    12.宰检疫目意义
      宰检疫目发现妨碍类健康已丧失营养价值胴体脏器组织食性做出明确判定确保食肉安全性宰前检疫检出症状明显体温反应病畜禽缺乏明显症状特处发病初期疾病潜伏期病畜禽疑病畜禽留宰胴体脏器作直接病理学观察必实验室检验做出确诊宰检疫宰前检疫继续补充保证肉品卫生质量保证食肉者安全防止疫病扩散具重意义
    13.牛口蹄疫床症状
    潜伏期均2~4天病牛体温升高达40~41℃精神委顿食欲减退闭口流涎继唇齿龈舌面颊部黏膜发生蚕豆核桃水疱流涎增呈白色泡沫状常挂满嘴边采食反刍完全停止1昼夜水疱破裂形成浅表边缘整齐红色烂斑时体温降烂斑逐渐愈合全身症状转趾间蹄冠皮肤时稍发生水疱破溃形成烂斑感染快愈合感染化脓坏死甚造成蹄匣脱落时乳头皮肤出现水疱
    14.动物检疫原
    动物检疫项具体技术行政行根行政法基原检疫工作技术性强特点动物检疫应遵循原:
      ()法实施原
      动物检疫政府行政行检疫方实施行必须严格法律规定进行检疫方必须法律规定动报检接受检疫配合检疫员作处理工作
      (二)尊重事实原
      处理检疫工作道程序处理患病动物染疫动物产品时必须事实法律准绳掌握事实
      (三)尊重科学原
      检疫工作项技术性强工作检疫员必须科学检疫方法先进检疫技术设备结合丰富实践验熟练技术操作真正揭示检动物产品否带检疫象
      (四)促进生产利流通原
      检动物动物产品绝部分已进入进入流通领域生产营者说流通速度越快济效益越高生产促进作越动物检疫工作必须准确基础力求快速杜绝检疫时间长影响流通制约生产
      (五)预防原
      检疫目预防控制扑灭动物疫病必须贯彻预防方针条原动物疫病流行特点决定失原动物检疫工作会变毫意义(六)检疫营相分离原
      检疫作执法行营合起分离体现检疫行公正性  
    15.产检疫意义
    动物产检疫防疫工作基础发现效控制动物疫病传播重防线限度减少动物疫病危害关键措施保障畜牧业健康发展畜产品质量安全重环节抓产检疫工作利国利民
    16.高致病性禽流感床症状
    高致病性禽流感常突然暴发流行初期病例见明显症状突然死亡症状稍缓者见精神沉郁头翅垂鼻分泌物增常摇头企图甩出分泌物严重引起窒息病鸡流泪颜面浮肿冠肉髯肿胀发绀出血坏死脚鳞变紫痢出现歪脖跛行抽搐等神症状蛋鸡产蛋停止
    17.市场检疫方法
    市场检疫方法力求快速准确感官观察活畜禽结合疫情调查测体温鲜肉类视检结合剖检必时进行实验室检验
    18.检查寄生虫卵饱溶液浮集法
      适绦虫线虫虫卵球虫卵囊检查杯水放少许粪便加入10~20倍饱食盐溶液边搅拌两层纱布细网筛粪水滤圆柱状玻璃杯静止20~30min柄金属圈蘸取粪水液膜抖落载玻片加盖玻片镜检
    19.病毒培养方法
      根病毒种类培养条件培养病毒时采鸡胚接种动物接种组织培养等方法
      1.动物接种
      病毒注射口服等途径进入易感动物体量增殖动物产生特定反应动物接种病毒分离病毒致病力试验疫苗效力试验疫苗抗血清生产等
      2.鸡胚接种
      鸡胚培养病毒简便济数病毒鸡胚中增殖少数病毒鸭胚鹅胚培养般选9~12日龄鸡胚病毒分接种羊膜腔卵黄囊尿囊腔绒毛尿囊膜等部位
      3.组织培养
      离体活细胞培养病毒方法称组织培养法组织培养病毒分离培养抗原制备疫苗生产等
    20.宰前检疫目意义
    宰前检疫目
    1检促防2时发现产检疫时处潜伏期症状明显患病动物3时检出宰检验难发现患病动物:破伤风狂犬病口蹄疫某中毒病等4检出国家发令禁止宰杀动物防止违章宰杀
    宰前检疫意义
    1效保障肉品卫生安全2控制动物疫病流通屠宰环节传播污染
    21.产检疫市场检疫监督中流行病学调查方法
    (1)前疫病流行情况调查
      查清前疫病发病时间点蔓延程流行范围分布二查清关数率疫病流行区种动物数量发病动物种类数量性年龄感染率发病率患病率致死率死亡率
      (2)疫情源调查
      进行调查否发生该种疫病发生时流行情况防制措施历史资料查二进行邻调查未发生该病调查邻否发生该疫病三原调查次发生疫情前否外引进畜禽畜禽产品饲料等引进畜禽原输出否发生类似疫病
      (3)传播途径调查
      调查饲养理饲养理方法放牧情况畜禽流动情况采购情况二调查畜禽卫生防疫情况三调查疫病传播素
      (4)然社会情况调查
      然情况包括发病区形河流气候昆虫野生动物交通状况等社会情况包括民生产生活情况关干部业务技术员关员疫情态度等
    22.出入境检疫运输检疫宰前检疫中流行病学调查方法
    (1)产情况调查:调查畜禽源品种年龄性二调查产疫情情况三调查免疫接种情况
      (2)采购情况调查:调查采购疫情二调查采购集中圈养中转程中发病死亡三调查时种检疫
      (3)运输情况调查:调查运出时间运输方式途中饲养情况动物健康情况二调查途点途疫情
      (4)疫情动态调查:调查疫情动态二解邻区疫情动态三解国区疫情动态四解国际疫情动态
    23.剖检记录报告容
    ①剖检记录:剖检记录应定格式书写剖检时指定专剖检者口述书写具备条件时剖检完时时补记病变形态位置色泽硬度结构等客观描述语言加说明切诊断术语名词代病变文字难描绘时画简图作说明现场摄影
    剖检记录容:般畜龄毛色途死亡日期剖检日期剖检点床病历概:发病日期床症状治疗外部检查事项部检查事项等
    ②剖检报告:应包括容序编排般项目病理诊断病历摘床诊断体检查(片者附片)显微镜检查细菌真菌培养寄生虫检查毒物化验结果死亡原讨总结
    剖检报告时写出解剖检疫员签字发出剖检报告单式二份份寄送报检单位份检疫单位存档
    24.动物检疫中群体检查方法
      群体检查般采静态动态饮食状态检查谓三态检查法
      (1)静态检查
      检疫员深入圈舍车船仓库惊扰畜群情况仔细观察动物然安静状态表现外界事物反应力站立卧睡姿势毛呼吸反刍(反刍动物)状态等注意异常站立卧睡姿势咳嗽气喘呻吟战栗流涎嗜睡独立隅等异常现象
      (2)动态检查
      静观察圈动物哄起卸载预检圈赶程中观察动物起立姿势行动姿势精神状态等注意站立稳行动困难跛行屈背拱腰离群掉队喘息咳嗽等异常现象中发现疑患病动物
      (3)饮食状态检查
      畜群进食期观察采食饮水情况注意少食少饮食饮吞咽困难呕吐流涎异常鸣等情况动物进食进食期间(奶牛等)般排粪排尿惯机会观察排粪排尿姿势注意粪便干燥拉稀尿少尿色发红等异常现象
      述检查发现异常现象动物应标记号予隔离留进步检查

    请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢2015年中央电期末复考试抄全电期末考试必备抄电考试必抄Many people have the same mixed feelings when planning a trip during Golden Week With heaps of time the sevenday Chinese请您删容O(∩_∩)O谢谢National Day holiday could be the best occasion to enjoy a destination However it can also be the easiest way to ruin how you feel about a place and you may become more fatigued after the holiday due to battling the large crowds During peak season a dream about a place can turn to nightmare without careful planning especially if you travel with children and older people As most Chinese people will take the holiday to visit domestic tourist destinations crowds and busy traffic are inevitable at most places Also to be expected are increasing transport and accommodation prices with the possibility that there will be no rooms available It is also common that you' ll wait in the line for one hour to get a ticket and another two hours at the site to only see a tiny bit of the place due to the crowds Last year 428 million tourists traveled in China over the weeklong holiday in October Traveling during this period is a matter that needs thorough preparation If you are short on time to plan the upcoming Golden Week it may not be a bad idea to avoid some of the most crowded places for now There is always a place so fascinating that everyone yearns for Arxan is a place like this The beauty of Arxan is everlasting regardless of the changing of four seasons Bestowed by nature its spectacular seasonal landscape and mountains are just beyond word Arxan is a crucial destination for the recommended travelling route China Inner Mongolia Arxan — Hailar — Manzhouli It is also the joint of the four prairies across the SinoMongolian border where people gravitate towards the exotic atmosphere mixed with Chinese Russian and Mongolia elements As a historic site for the Yitian Battle Arxan still embodies the spirit of Genghis Khan Walking into Arxan you will be amazed by a kaleidoscope of gorgeous colors all the year round the Spring azaleas blooming red in the snow the Summer sea wavering blue in the breeze the Autumn leaves painted in yellow covering volcanic traces and the Winter woods shining white on the vast alpine snowscape Hinggan League Arxan city is situated in the far eastern area of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Its full name Haren Arxan means hot holy water in the Mongolian language Arxan is a tourism city in the northern frontier with a blend of large forest grand prairies vast snowfield heaven lake cluster thermium as well as volcanic cluster It is a rare and unique ecotourism base filled with healthy sunshine clean air and unspoiled green  Nestled close to the country's largest virgin forest and known for its spring and ecological environment Arxan is marveled at by many tourists as the purest land on earth  You cannot miss out the Autumn of Arxan It is definitely the best with brightlycolored scenery full of emotions  Autumn in the northern part of the country comes earlier than the South A September rain followed by the footprints of Autumn brings more colors to the once emerald green mountain and blooming grassland  Shutterbugs flock to see for themselves the marvel of splendid colors around the mountains and waters many of whom have travel a long distance and even camp here only to capture a moment of the nature wonder  The silver birch turns golden while the larch is still proudly green You will find yourself drowned in the intoxicating red of the wild fruits as well as the glamour of flowers in full blown And your heart will be lingering on the woods as it's time for the wild fruits to ripe The picturesque Arxan in Autumn is indeed a fairyland only exists in a dream that satisfies all your fantasies If it rains heavily on Saturday night some elderly Chinese will say it is because Zhinu or the Weaving Maid is crying on the day she met her husband Niulang or the Cowherd on the Milky Way Most Chinese remember being told this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi or the Seventh Night Festival which falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month which is usually in early August This year it falls on Saturday August 2 Folklore Story As the story goes once there was a cowherd Niulang who lived with his elder brother and sisterinlaw But she disliked and abused him and the boy was forced to leave home with only an old cow for company The cow however was a former god who had violated imperial rules and was sent to earth in bovine form One day the cow led Niulang to a lake where fairies took a bath on earth Among them was Zhinu the most beautiful fairy and a skilled seamstress The two fell in love at first sight and were soon married They had a son and daughter and their happy life was held up as an example for hundreds of years in China Yet in the eyes of the Jade Emperor the Supreme Deity in Taoism marriage between a mortal and fairy was strictly forbidden He ordered the heaven troop to catch Zhinu back Niulang grew desperate when he discovered Zhinu had been taken back to heaven Driven by Niulang's misery the cow told him to turn its hide into a pair of shoes after it died The magic shoes whisked Niulang who carried his two children in baskets strung from a shoulder pole off on a chase after the empress The pursuit enraged the empress who took her hairpin and slashed it across the sky creating the Milky Way which separated husband from wife But all was not lost as magpies moved by their love and devotion formed a bridge across the Milky Way to reunite the family Even the Jade Emperor was touched and allowed Niulang and Zhinu to meet once a year on the seventh night of the seventh month This is how Qixi came to be The festival can be traced back to the Han Dynasty (206 BCAD 220) Traditionally people would look up at the sky and find a bright star in the constellation Aquila as well as the star Vega which are identified as Niulang and Zhinu The two stars shine on opposite sides of the Milky Way Customs In bygone days Qixi was not only a special day for lovers but also for girls It is also known as the Begging for Skills Festival or Daughters' Festival In this day girls will throw a sewing needle into a bowl full of water on the night of Qixi as a test of embroidery skills If the needle floats on top of the water instead of sinking it proves the girl is a skilled embroiders Single women also pray for finding a good husband in the future And the newly married women pray to become pregnant quickly Tradition transformed The love story of Niulang and Zhinu and the Qixi Festival have been handed down for generations Yet these ancient traditions and customs are slowly dying out Many modern Chinese particularly youngsters seem to know more about St Valentine's Day on February 14 characterized by bouquets of roses chocolates and romantic candlelight dinners than they do about their homegrown day for lovers Even Qixi is nowadays referred to as the Chinese Valentine's Day More and more young Chinese people begin to celebrate this day in a very similar way as that in western countries Fewer people than ever will gaze at the heavens on Saturday to pick out the two stars shining bright on either side of the Milky Way that is if people even know on which day Qixi falls There are ready reminders dotted about in the form of big ads saying Sales on Chinese Valentine's Day in shops hotels and restaurants But few young women will mark the festival with their boyfriends or take part in traditional activities to pray for cleverness A largescale of exhibition on the Silk Road opened to the public in the National Museum on Thursday The exhibition displays more than 400 treasures from Shaanxi province Gansu province and 14 other regions It is largest scale exhibition that shows the history of the Silk Road in recent years As APEC is going on in Beijing the exhibit aims to show the world this brilliant section of history The Silk Road is a series of trade and cultural transmission routes that were central to cultural interaction through regions of the Asian continent It connected the West and East by linking traders merchants pilgrims monks soldiers nomads and urban dwellers from China and India to the Mediterranean Sea during various periods of time I met my dear hubby in 2009 the second year I was in my school and it was the first year when he came here We became colleagues And there was nothing special happening during that year He was just a kind and humble brother graduated from the same college as me But we did not know each other till he became my colleague and his office desk was just in front of me There was only a glass between us So actually we could see each other when we both look up But it is not the main reason that really draws us close How we become close to each other was something seems quite natural We went out to play badminton with other colleagues and we sometimes chatted for a while He is a man of few words but somehow sometimes will say something really humorous Then one day to my great surprise I found a pot of beautiful flower on my desk It was just the flower I had talked about with my colleague the other day and I thought it was her who put the flower there But the truth is not It was the humble guy sitting in front of me He just simply said well I caught sight of this flower and thought that it’s beautiful and you may like it I wonder why I was moved because of these simple words and present Maybe it is the sincerity and the true self that impress me I thanked him and some colleagues walked past my desk would appreciate the beautiful flower and they noticed that something romance happened there Then later on there were some little surprises once in a while Once there was something wrong with my drawer and I had complained about it unconsciously And he fixed it for me Then the other day he placed several pink diamond roses beside the flower with a piece of paper saying I love you more than I can say Diamond stands for marriage rose stand for love I hope you are mine become my wife You are the only girl who I really want to spend the rest of my life to stand by Although there were some grammar errors but I got what he meant He meant so clear and so direct  And actually I accepted him some days earlier I was just waiting for him to break the ice So finally the common interests and the common understanding brought us together Some people say the relationship and the feeling will change after getting hitched You will find that love is no longer strong and there is always lack of passion and what’s worse you may find out many bad habits of your partner which never appear when you are first in love before the marriage It seems that many faults turn up after you truly living together and see each other’s face the moment you open your eyes in the early morning But after almost 4 years from now I do not feel any negative change in our relationship During all these years we know each other better and we become more tolerant about each other and I realize that if you really love a person you will accept his imperfect And what is the qualification of a good husband Once I was chatting with my colleague about this issue And one of the qualifications I thought was that he must be a good cook But to my surprise my colleague said that a good husband must be someone who makes big money What made her think so was quite beyond me Maybe I am not sophisticated enough and what I want is just simple life style The most enjoyable thing is that we go to the market to buy vegetables and other daily stuffs if we both have time Maybe he is a housebound husband and I love housebound man And there is another reason why We love going to the market That is because we sometimes will get some surprises The surprise is saving little fish which are disserted by the fish mongers Because these fish are swellfish Then we will collect them and set them free into the river Swellfish are lovely creature When they look like a little submarine when they are swimming in the water and look like a meat ball when you hold them in your hand And if they are scared they will swell and look like a little ball Every time we see them swim away and we feel their happiness of returning home and this also make us cherish life Maybe some will consider these behavior as something childish Well that is fine with us We love doing these together and feel happy that is what it is all about My dear hubby is a kind hearted man and he love animals just as I do I am lucky to have someone who can be both my intimated soul mate and my forever friend


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