yield provide produce v 产生产生效果
1 重点词汇表
序号
单词
词义
含义
1
Abandon
[ə＇bændən]
vt 放弃抛弃
n 放放
否定特注意放放含义
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side
They drank and smoked with reckless abandon
2
Accessible
[ək＇sesəbl]
a易接利易受影响理解
褒义词通常表达作者某事物态度
Those are his most accessible stories
convenient approachable
comprehendible available
3
Accommodation
[əkɔmə＇deiʃən]
n住处膳宿
提供便利满足需意思
overnight accommodations 夜住处
4
acute[ə＇kjut]
a敏锐剧烈
褒义贬义
He is a man of acute intelligence非常聪颖
He fell ill with acute appendicitis
急性阑尾炎
5
additional[ə＇diʃənəl]
a外附加额外
通常词引出文观点事物追加叙述承关系进步阐述引出文太关注
6
adequate[＇ædikwit]
a适足够
绝反映作者正态度表达作者某观点某事物褒扬
7
admittedly[əd＇mitidli]
adj承认确认疑
转折前兆词面开始说种观点错
my research is admittedly incomplete
8
advocate[＇ædvəkeit ＇ædvəkət]
n提倡者鼓吹者
vt提倡鼓吹
某原者提议进行辩护阅读中引申拥护支持意思They are advocates of free trade
贸易倡导者
9
alter[＇ɔltə]
v改变
改变果发生观点非常值关注观点承转折整文章结构关重例：alter accepted views of ancient literary works
10
amused[ə＇mjuzd]
a愉快玩开心
通常褒义词
11
appropriate[ə＇prəuprieit ə＇prəupriət]
a适
正态度
She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion
挑件适合该场合穿衣服
序号
单词
词义
含义
12
approval[ə＇pruvəl]
n赞成承认正式批准
停留许表面表达赞认嘉奖正态度
OK okay sanctionauthorize authorise
13
arguable[＇ɑɡjuəbl]
adv争辩
贬义an arguable question still unresolved
14
assert[ə＇sət]
v断言声称
没正负态度倾性提出观点理
He asserted that he was not guilty
声明罪
15
assertion[ə＇səʃən]
n张断言声明
确认观点
16
assess[ə＇ses]
vt 评定评估
提出观点evaluate measure grade
17
associate[ə＇səuʃieit ə＇səuʃiət eit]
vt 发生联系联合
产生联系
18
attack[ə＇tæk]
vi攻击n进攻攻击
词常提出文立观点
19
attribute[ə＇tribjut ＇ætribjut]
n属性品质
表示果关系
20
available[ə＇veiləbl]
a利
较明显褒义词然反映作者正态度词身修饰语定予强烈关注
21
background[＇bækɡraund]
n背景台
文章第段没直指focus作种引子引出文样段落常问作作提供种background
22
barrier[＇bæriə]
n障碍物栅栏屏障
词常常引出事物缺陷缺陷必然考点引出缺陷词然值关注
obstacle obstruction
23
besides[bi＇saidz]
adv外
prep…外
注意besidestogether with含义然引出新事物暗含新事物文事物着样特征文述观点致承关系叙述
24
bias[＇baiəs]
n偏见偏爱
否定态度Some people have a bias against foreigners
外国偏见
25
blame[＇bleim]
n失责备 vt责备谴责
表达事物缺陷特征词
26
cease[sis]
v停止终
27
challenge[＇tʃælindʒ]
n挑战 vt …挑战
阅读中词更表达新事物旧事物背叛挑战表达新旧观点立
序号
单词
词义
含义
提出异议怀疑反
He challenged my view on that matter
件事法提出异议
颇作工作艰巨事[C]
To build a road in the mountainous area was a real challenge
山区修筑公路确艰巨事
He wants a career that offers a challenge
挑战性番作事业
28
charge[tʃɑdʒ]
n负荷费掌
vt控诉责令告戒指示收费
表示贬义
29
chief[tʃif]
a首首席 n首领领袖
高级特征词
30
coexist[＇kəuiɡ＇zist]
vi存
褒义词
31
coherent[kəu＇hiərənt]
a粘起致连贯
褒义词
32
collide[kə＇laid]
vi碰撞抵触
相反观点
33
community[kə＇mjuniti]
n社区团体众
常表示生物群落居群体
34
compensate[＇kɔmpenseit]
v偿补偿付报酬
贬义词
35
competition[kɔmpi＇tiʃən]
n竞争竞赛
表示关系考点
36
complicate[＇kɔmplikeit]
v（）变复杂
表示关系考点
His disease was complicated by pneumonia
病发肺炎加重
37
component[kəm＇pəunənt]
n成分 a组成构成
表示关系考点
38
compose[kəm＇pəuz]
v组成写作
表示关系考点
39
concern[kən＇sən]
vt涉关系
表示关注问题解决型文章标志词
Andrew expressed his concern
安德鲁表示关切
The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities
序号
单词
词义
含义
封信关出口商品
40
condemn[kən＇dem]
vt声讨谴责判刑
常态度题中出现单词表达负态度
We condemn his foolish behavior
谴责愚蠢行
41
confirm[kən＇fəm]
vt确定批准
巩固效
词关系观点证否效果观点confirm确件欢欣鼓舞事情必然作者支持观点
42
conflict[kən＇flikt ＇kɔnflikt]
n斗争突
vi抵触突
常常引出立观点表达事物间立关系This is an irreconcilable conflict
调矛盾
43
confront[kən＇frʌnt]
vt面抗
词常常引出立观点时表达种贬义色彩遭遇事情
44
confused[kən＇fjuzd]
a困惑烦恼
负态度词
45
consistent[kən＇sistənt]
a致调坚固
正态度
46
contemporary[kən＇tempərəri]
n时代
a代时代
较
47
contend[kən＇tend]
v斗争竞争张
词常引出立观点
The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe
警察强调说面困难太严重
48
contest[＇kɔntest kən＇test]
n争竞赛
v争争辩竞赛
提出观点
49
contradict[kɔntrə＇dikt]
vt反驳反否认…矛盾…抵触…相反
To assert or express the opposite of (a statement)驳斥种说法
To deny the statement of 否认…说法
To be contrary to be inconsistent with …相矛盾…抵触
50
conventional[kən＇venʃənəl]
a惯例常规俗传统
传统惯例通常作者反摒弃词引出观点属旧观点必然新观点取代
51
crash[kræʃ]
n碰撞坠落坠毁
v碰撞坠落坠毁
贬义
52
critical[＇kritikəl]
a批评评鉴定危急界
常态度题中出现表达作者负态度
序号
单词
词义
含义
53
criticize[＇kritisaiz]
v批评责备
表达种负态度
54
debate[di＇beit]
v争辩 n争辩
值关注单词出现意味着立观点观点立关系考察重点
55
defect[＇difekt di＇f di＇fekt]
n失缺点
表示事物缺陷特征词果词出现文值关注缺陷重考点表示缺陷特征词：shortcoming imperfection deficiency
56
definite[＇definit]
a明确定
正态度
57
demonstrate[＇demənstreit]
a证
词果阅读中出现值关注证明观点效观点效观点作者支持观点capable of being demonstrated
58
depression[di＇preʃən]
n沮丧消沉低气压低压
贬义态度
59
descend[di＇send]
vvi降
降表示种变化变化阅读中常常成考点出现词值关注
60
destructive[di＇strʌktiv]
a破坏（性）
阅读中词应该首先想贬义词时候引出某事物缺陷成考点
61
discouraging[dis＇kʌridʒiŋ]
a令气馁
贬义词
62
distinct[dis＇tiŋkt]
a清楚明显截然独特
作差讲时值关注词差常成考点on two distinct occasions
The twins had distinct tastes
两双胞胎嗜
63
drawback[＇drɔbæk]
n缺点障碍退换关税退税（指进口货物出口时退进口时关税）
缺陷特征词值强烈关注缺陷常成考点
64
eliminate[i＇limineit]
vt 排消
表示彻底消失考点
do away with get rid of extinguish
cancel out wipe out
65
embrace[im＇breis]
vt 拥抱包含收买信奉 vi 拥抱n 拥抱
正态度词表达欢迎赞
66
enforce[in＇fɔs]
n执行强制
序号
单词
词义
含义
67
enhance[in＇hɑns hæns]
vt提高增强
表达事物变化值关注
68
evolution[ivə＇luʃən ev]
n进展发展演变进化
达尔文进化阅读中出现通常遭作者反
69
exaggerate[iɡ＇zædʒəreit]
v夸夸张
贬义词时常引出事物缺陷值关注义词：overstate overemphasize
70
fruitful[＇frutful]
a果实结产富成效
褒义词
71
genuine[＇dʒenjuin]
a真实真正诚恳
褒义词
72
identify[ai＇dentifai]
vt识鉴……成样 v确定
含义to be or become the same 时候表达两种事物关系常常成考点值关注
73
imitate[＇imiteit]
vt模仿仿效仿制仿造
表示两者联系
74
impact[＇impækt im＇pækt]
n碰撞突击影响效果
结果类命题标志词
75
improper[im＇prɔpə]
a适合适正确合理适宜
事物缺陷特征词值关注
76
inaccuracy[in＇ækjurəsi]
n错误
事物缺陷特征词值关注
77
incomplete[inkəm＇plit]
a完全完善
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
78
increase[in＇kris ＇inkris]
vt增加加vi增加繁殖 n增加增增长
表示事物变化词予足够关注读文章时候出标记例箭头表示变化趋势
79
incredible[in＇kredəbl]
a <口>难置信
表示惊奇态度
80
indifference[in＇difərəns]
n关心
通常出现态度题中充混淆项
81
inefficiency[ini＇fiʃənsi]
n效称职
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
82
initial[i＇niʃəl]
a初初始词首 n词首写字母
旧观点特征词
took the initial step toward peace
opening first early earliest beginning primary commencing introductory
83
innovative[＇inəuveitiv]
a创新革新（义）
新事物新观点特征词新总作者支持
novel new original different fresh unusual unfamiliar uncommon inventive
84
insight[＇insait]
n洞察力见识
正态度词
85
insufficiency[insə＇fiʃənsi]
n足
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
86
interpret[in＇təprit]
v解释说明口译通译认…意思
词出现否效解释观点现象关键应该关注焦点
87
invalid[＇invəlid lid invə＇lid ＇in]
n 效
负态度词
88
investigate[in＇vestiɡeit]
v调查研究
常常作说明观点般说调查具体容必细关键调查否效支持证
89
justified [＇dʒʌstifaid]
a正合法合理
褒义词
90
merit[＇merit]
n优点价值 v益
褒义词
91
Misunderstand
[misʌndə＇stænd]
vt误解误会
贬义词
92
modest[＇mɔdist]
a谦虚谦适度
表示种适度态度情绪常出现态度题正确选项里感情色彩词连例：modest commend适度赞扬说严谨客观较容易成正确答案果modest修饰态度词表达感情色彩正确正确答案疑
93
negative[＇neɡətiv]
n否定负数底片 a否定消极负阴性 vt否定拒绝（接受）
贬义词
94
neglect[ni＇ɡlekt]
vt 忽视疏忽漏做
n 忽视疏忽漏做
忽略应该意东西应该予关注东西词身说明忽略象读者应该予足够关注统计表明确常成考点时忽略缺点容易考值关注
95
normally[＇nɔməli]
adv正常通常
简单词阅读中寻常意义通常观点阅读中总成旧观点作者屏弃观点
96
novel[＇nɔvəl]
n说长篇事 a新奇新颖异常
novel作新讲时候通常作者支持赞观点通常作者想篇幅叙述观点值予强烈关注
97
objective[əb＇dʒektiv ɔb]
n目标目 a客观
常作态度词出现
98
opposed[ə＇pəuzd]
a反敌
负态度词
99
opposite[＇ɔpəzit sit]
a 相面立相反等应 n相反事物
引发立观点值关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
100
original[ə＇ridʒənəl]
n原物原作 a初原始独创新颖
含义原作第二含义新颖新奇新通常作者赞
101
outline[＇autlain]
n纲轮廓略图外形点概
vt 描画轮廓略述
整体结构词
102
outstanding[aut＇stændiŋ]
a突出显著
褒义词
103
outweigh[aut＇wei]
v重量（价值等）超
常较两事物重程度涉常考查事物间关系值关注
The advantages of the plan outweigh its disadvantages
计划处超利方面
104
overestimate[əuvər＇estimeit ＇estimət]
vt评价高 n估计高评价高
表示缺陷失常考值关注
105
overlook[əuvə＇luk ＇əuvəluk]
vt俯瞰耸出远眺没注意 n眺俯瞰中景色
阅读中值关注含义忽略to look past miss ignore
106
overwhelm[əuvə＇hwelm]
vt淹没覆没制服压倒
表示占绝优势绝重量例：overwhelming majority压倒性数
107
partial[＇pɑʃəl]
n泛音 a部分局部偏袒偏爱
负态度词
108
passive[＇pæsiv]
a动
负态度词
109
persuasive[pə＇sweisiv ziv]
a说服力
褒义词通常作者赞观点值关注
110
pessimism[＇pesimizəm]
n悲观悲观义
负态度词
111
positive[＇pɔzətiv zi]
a肯定实际积极绝确实
正态度词
112
precious[＇preʃəs]
a宝贵贵重珍爱精致
褒义词
113
precise[pri＇sais]
a精确准确
褒义词
114
predominant[pri＇dɔminənt]
a卓越支配突出影响
褒义词
序号
单词
词义
含义
115
preference[＇prefərəns]
n偏爱优先选择
较含义
116
prejudice[＇predʒudis]
n偏见成见损害侵害 v损害
常成考点表缺陷词
117
prevail[pri＇veil pri]
vi流行盛行获胜成功
褒义词
118
previous[＇privjəs]
a前早先
adv…前
词常引出旧观点作者屏弃观点
119
primitive[＇primitiv]
a原始远古粗糙简单
词三基含义早期讲时候通常引出旧观点
120
profoundly[prəu＇faundli]
adv深刻忠心
含义中深刻褒义词having intellectual depth and insight
121
prohibition[prəuhi＇biʃən]
n禁止阻止
贬义词
122
promptly[prɔmptli]
adv敏捷迅速
褒义词
123
properly[＇prɔpəli]
adv适完全
褒义词
124
protest[prəu＇test ＇prəu]
n张断言抗议
常引发立观点值关注
The defendant protested that he had never been near the scene of the crime
告坚决声辩没犯罪现场附
125
puzzle[＇pʌzl]
n 难题谜
v（）迷惑（）难
常问题解决类型文章特征词尤出现首段时候意味着文寻求正确解释
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now
问题已冥思苦想星期
126
recruit[ri＇krut]
n新兵新分子新会员
vt 恢复补充征募
vi 征募新兵复原
新含义作者通常正态度
127
refined[ri＇faind]
a精制优雅精确
褒义词
128
reform[ri＇fɔm]
n改革改善改良运动感化 vt改革革新重新组成 vi革新改重组
改良革新作者贯支持观点
129
reinforce[riin＇fɔs]
vt加强增援补充增加…数量修补加固 vi求援增援 n加固物
表示事物间关系词汇值关注事物间关系常常成考点
序号
单词
词义
含义
130
reject[ri＇dʒekt]
n拒弃物合格品落选者格者vt 拒绝抵制
表示否定某事物某观点
131
relation[ri＇leiʃən]
n关系联系叙述事亲戚
词汇阅读中出现予足够关注事物间关系常常成考点relation引出事物关系直接叙述
the relation between smoking and heart disease
132
reliable[ri＇laiəbl]
a信赖
褒义词
133
removal[ri＇muvəl]
n移动免职切
否定某事物
134
resemble[ri＇zembl]
vt 类似
词指两者相似反映事物间关系常常成考点值关注阅读中相似等换说相似着眼点处差异般没述
135
restate[ri＇steit]
vt重新叙述重申
新含义重申理观点通常作者支持
136
revise[ri＇vaiz ＇rivaiz]
vt修订校订修改
修订半作者支持推陈出新意思
137
revolution[revə＇ljuʃən]
n革命旋转
词英文解释核心change革新含义通常作者支持
138
rival[＇raivəl]
n竞争者手
v竞争抗相匹敌
词体现手光单纯竞争关系衣层隐含含义相匹敌one that equals another in desired qualities peer
139
routine[ru＇tin]
n例行公事常规日常事物程序
惯例常规俗旧含义般作者屏弃旧观点
140
sanction[＇sæŋkʃən]
n批准意支持制裁认 v批准意支持鼓励认
正态度词
141
scheme[skim]
v计划设计图谋策划 n安排配置计划阴谋方案图解摘
表示事件关系考点处strategy
plan of action
142
segment[＇seɡmənt seɡ＇ment ＇seɡment]
n段节片段 v分割
部分标志词section
143
shortcoming[＇ʃɔt＇cʌmiŋ]
n缺点短处
事物缺陷特征词值予强烈关注义词：deficiency defect
144
similarity[simi＇læriti]
n类似类似处
般表达事物间关系常成考点值关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
145
statistics[stə＇tistiks]
n统计学统计表
阅读中词出现通常引出段证明某观点统计具体容方式数等必关注否效支持说明观点关键读者应关注焦点
146
subject[＇sʌbdʒikt dʒe səb＇dʒekt]
vt屈…隶属
n题题目
意思属时候表达两事物间关系容易考点值关注
This country was once subjected to foreign rule
国家度受外国统治
147
subordinate[sə＇bɔdinət neit sə＇bɔdineit]
a 次属级 n 属 v服
意思属时候表达两事物间关系容易考点值关注
148
substituted[＇sʌbstitjutid]
a 取代代
表达式间关系常成考点值关注
149
successive[sək＇sesiv]
a 连续
注意成功相区
150
survey[sə＇vei ＇səvei sə]
vi测量土
vt调查
词立刻想述某观点容重重证否证明某观点效
151
suspect[sə＇spekt ＇sʌspekt]
n嫌疑犯
a令怀疑信
负态度词
152
tedious[＇tidiəs ＇tidʒəs]
a单调乏味沉闷冗长乏味
贬义词
153
tentative[＇tentətiv]
n试验假设 a实验性试探尝试暂定
述某观点容重重证否证明某观点效
154
transition[træn＇siʒən ＇ziʃən trɑn]
n转变转换
表示事物变化词值关注
155
unavailable[＇ʌnə＇veiləbl]
a难获
贬义词反映事物缺陷值关注
156
underestimate[ʌndə＇estimeit]
vt低估轻
贬义词
157
undermine[ʌndə＇main]
v破坏
贬义词表达某事物观点否定
158
undetermined[＇ʌndi＇təmind]
a未确定未解决
词出现两种种说明前面观点效性种引发文解决方案果种情形读词读者开始寻找
159
uniform[＇junifɔm]
a统相致始终 n制服
表示事物间关系遇词时候标记
160
unique[ju＇nik]
a唯独特
表明高级词汇阅读中出现做标记高级常常帮助判断正确选项正误词总代表惟时候独特含义注意分辨例：they can make a unique contribution(特殊贡献)to society
序号
单词
词义
含义
161
universal[juni＇vəsəl]
a普遍全体通
普遍通含义词常常引出旧观点作者通常反观点
162
unrealistic[ʌnriə＇listik]
a 切实际
负态度词
163
vague[veiɡ]
a含糊清楚
负态度词
164
validate[＇vælideit]
vt 效生效
确认证实验证
证明某观点效性词词支持观点予足够关注定作者支持观点
165
variety[və＇raiəti]
n 变化样性
品种种类
变化常常成考点组词谁出现值关注
166
verify[＇verifai]
Vt检验校验查证核实
证明某观点效性词词持观点予足够关注定作者支持观点
167
violate[＇vaiəleit]
vt 违犯犯干扰
引出立观点值予足够关注
168
whereas[hwεə＇æz]
conj 然反鉴
转折关系词
169
while[hwail]
conj …时候然
表达事物间关系连词引导句子值关注
阅读常换词
abundant plentiful considerable a 量
accelerate increase rise v 加速加
accessible available a
accordingly for that reason ad
accordingly consequently ad
account for explain v 解释说明
accumulate collect gather v 积累积聚
advocate proponent n 倡导者辩护者
aid help assist v 帮助
alter change modify v 改变调整
alternative option choice n 代代物
altogether completely ad 完全
antecedent predecessor n 先辈
anticipate look forward to v 期盼
appealing attractive a 吸引
apply use employ utilize v 应适
appreciation recognition n 鉴赏鉴
article object n 物品物体
assemble gather v 装配组合
attained achieved reached v 达
attribute characteristics n 特征
besides in addition to prep 外
bias prejudice n 偏见嗜
boost raise v 提高推进
bound limit restrict confine 限制 范围界限
bring about cause v 导致引起
cease stop v 停止结束
chance accident unplanned a 偶然碰巧
chronic long term long run 长期慢性
classify categorize v 分类
clue information n 线索信息
collective group n 集体
comparably similarly ad 相
competitor rival 手
component parts n 部分
concrete specific a 具体特定
consequence result outcome n 结果
conserve retain v 保存保护
considerable substantial a 重
constituent component n 成分素
constitute make up v 构成组成
consume eat use v 吃掉 掉
contemporary existing a 代现
crucial important a 重
deliberate careful a 审慎仔细
demand require v 求需求
demonstrate show v 表明证实
depict portray describe 描述
detect find v 探测
devote to dedicate v 致力献身
die out become extinct 灭绝
distinct separate a 清晰
distinct different a 独特
distinguish differentiate v 区分辨
diverse varied different a
domain field n 领域范围
dramatic striking a 戏剧性显著
draw attract v 吸引
elevate promote v 提高提升
emerge appear v 浮现出现
emit give off v 发出
enhance improve encourage 提升鼓励
end goal n 末端目
ensures guarantees v 保证
entire whole a 全部
essential fundamental a 基
establish create v 设立创作
estimated judged v 鉴定
evidence indicate n 迹象预示
expose uncover v 暴露暴露
extend stretch v 延长扩展
extract remove v 提取取
extraordinary supreme a 非极度
fabricate make v 制作装配
favor prefer v 喜爱
fine tiny minute a 细
flourished thrived n 茂盛
forwardlooking progressive a 前远见
fund money financial 金钱
ground reason 原
herald announce v 预示预报
ideal perfect a 完美
identical exactly alike a 样
imitate copy v 模仿伪造
implication significance n 含义意义
imposing demanding a 紧迫紧急
in place of instead of ad 代
in reality actually n 实际事实
inhibit hinder v 阻止阻碍
initiate start v 开始引发
initiate cause v 开始引发
initial first 开始
innovation new idea n 创新革新
instance case n 实例例证
intense extreme a 强烈剧烈
intensive concentrated a 加强集中
intent purpose n 目
interchangeable equivalent a 相等互换
inviting attractive a 吸引诱
justify prove v 辩护证实
key important 关键
laborious difficult a 费力
launch initiate start 开始
magnify intensify v 放强化
maintain preserve v 维持坚持
major principal a 型
margin edge n 边边缘
marked noticeable a 显著
matter make a difference be important 重
means method approach n 方法
merely only ad 仅仅
nevertheless however ad 然然
norm standard n 标准
obtain get v 获取
obtain acquire v 获取
obtain acquire v 获
overstate exaggerate 夸张
obvious apparent a 明显显易见
omit neglect leave out 省略
optimal best a 佳
outbreak beginning n 爆发开始
peculiar strange a 奇特
persist continue v 持续
pertinent relevant related a 关
phenomena event n 现象事件
pick up follow v 寻找寻路
plunge drop nv 投入陷入
position job n 职位职务
potential possible a 潜
precise accurate a 精确
prefer favor v 偏喜欢
preside manage v 负责统辖
prevailing dominant a 占优势
prevent avoid v 制止阻止
primarily chiefly ad
primary fundamental a 基初步
prior to preceding a 先居前
probe explore study research v 探察
pursue chase v 追赶
raise rear v 饲养养育
random unpredictable a 知
rapidity swiftness n 迅速
rate speed 速度
readily easily ad 容易
realization awareness n 认识意识
rear raise v 培养饲养
recorded documented a 已纪录
regardless of no matter what a
relate connect v 相关关联
reliance dependence n
remarkable significant a 异常非
replace substitute 代
representative typical a 典型
resemble be similar to v 相似类似
resolve find a solution for v 解决
resort to use v 采
revise change v 修正改造
robust strong a 强健坚强
scarcely barely ad 稀缺珍贵
scope extent n 范围
secure acquire v 获取
secure safe ad 安全
serve as function as v 充担
settle decide v 决定解决
settled stabled a 固定
shield protect v 保护避开
site location n 点场
skepticism doubt n 怀疑义怀疑态度
skilled expert a 熟练擅长
skyrocket increase rapidly v 猛涨突增
sole only a 唯独
solemn serious a 严肃庄重
sort out separate v 挑选出
spark bring about v 激发发动
standard customary a 标准
stimulate encourage v 激发促进
strain stress v 拉紧重压
strength basis n 实力基础
stress emphasize v 强调
striking noticeable a 显著
subsequent later a
subsidize finance v 资助赞助
sufficient adequate enough a 足够充足
supplement add to v 补充增加
supremacy dominance n 高支配位
surging accelerating a 高涨跃进
tempting attractive a 诱
thanks to because of n 亏
trend tendency n 趋势趋
undergone experienced v 历
undoubtedly certainly ad 确
unique particular a 独特
unrestricted unlimited a 限制
various different a
vary differ v 变化改变
vast large a 巨广阔
very closely intimately ad 亲密密切
virtually completely n 实质
whether if conj 否
witness observe v 目睹目击
十逻辑联系词
1时间关系
……前adj earlier former previous preceding
adv before earlier first formerly previously
词组：before that before then until now before that time
……时 at that moment at the same time meanwhile nowadays presently as soon as immediately when while
…… after after a short (long) time afterward at last finally from that time on lately later recently shortly since since then some time later soon temporarily then thereafter
Nobody knows who first invented it but the umbrella was used in very ancient times Probably the first to use it were the Chinese way back in the eleventh century BC
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade And there was a strange thing connected with its use it became a symbol of honor and authority In the Far East in ancient times the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices
In Europe the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece But it is believed that the first persons in Eurpoe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans
During the Middle Ages the use of the umbrella practically disappeared Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century And against it was considered a symbol of power and authority By1680 the umbrella appeared in
France and later on in England
By the eighteenth century the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time though they have become much lighter in weight It wasn＇t until the twentieth century that women＇s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors
2 空间位置关系
above across around below beneath beyond before below beyond far ahead far behind here in the centre in the distance next to nearby opposite on the bottom on the north (south) on the right over straight ahead on the left on the right up on top of opposite
Our bedroom is on the fifth floor of the Second Dormitory Building It is a mediumsized room about six meters long and three meters wide The walls are milk white and the ceiling is light yellow Facing the south there is a large window Beneath it there is a painted radiator for heating the room in the wintertime Near the right corner of the opposite wall there is a blue door Next to it stands a tall shelf on which we put our suitcases Beside the shelf there is a row of hooks to hang our school bags and jackets Against each side of the northern and western walls stands a bunk bed for four of us Each bed is covered with a brightcolored bedsheet In the middle of the room there are four sets of chairs and desks The desks are arranged in such a way that they form a large writing surface and on it we put our books and stationery Above the desks there are two incandescent lights which make the room very bright at night On the whole it is a pleasant and comfortable room
3 序列关系
first 首先 first of all 首先
the first stage step 第步 in the first (second) place首先
first and foremost首先 first and most important重
to begin with首先 to start with首先
for a start首先
then 然 second 第二
next 次 since then
afterwards after that
and next 次
in the last place to end with finally
last in the last place
last of all least importantly 重
most important(ly) of all重 most importantly重
above all 重
Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life First some people are so addicted that they have fallen into love with their chatting partners some of whom are unreliable Second many students spend too much time chatting on line As a result they have no time for other hobbies Finally some students chat on line to make friends but they may lose the ability to communicate with others in real life
4 列关系
and also
(for) one thing （件事） (for) another 件
likewise 样 the same is true that 样
similarly 样 again equally
in a like manner in a similar manner likewise
like ……样 in the same way 样
in the same vein 腔调 by the same token 样原
In the United States it is not customary to telephone someone very in the morning If you telephone him early in the day while he is shaving or having breakfast the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 1100 pm If someone receives a call during sleeping hours he assumes it＇s a matter of life and death The time chosen for the call communicates its importance
5 解释关系
in other words 换句话说 namely换句话说
that is to say 说 that is说
indeed 确实 particularly 尤
in reality 事实 let alone 更说
in particular 尤 to be strict 严格讲
not to mention 更必说 especially 特尤
without mentioning 更必说 strictly (speaking) 严格讲
Vandalismthat isthe senseless destruction of other people＇s propertyseems to have become part of modern lifeandat the same timewe have come to accept muggingin other wordsrobbery with violence in our streetsas a common danger
6 递进关系
even 甚 one more thing
also too
again and then
another点 still
moreover 外 besides (this) 外
furthermore 外 what is more 外
in addition 外 additionally 外
People in different cultures can communicate with each other With the development of communication systems people in different corners of the world can discuss a problem on telephone or through computer Moreover mankind has much in common They work for peace and wealth and they have created great music and arts that can be accepted across the world And what’s more human beings are faced with the same social problems which they need to deal with effectively
7 举例关系
like such as 诸
including 包括 as regards
for example 例 take… (for example) 例
for instance 例 as an example 例
to detail this 详细说 put it simply 简单说
as we know 正知 a case in point is 恰例子
The important thing is not to let fear rule you but instead to use fear as your servant and guide．Fear will warn you of dangersthen you have to decide what action to take In many casesyou can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger For exampleyou see a car coming straight towards youfear warns you you jump out of the way and all is well In some caseshoweveryou decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger．For instanceyou cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house In this casefear has given you its warning you have examined it and decided on your courseof actionso fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you and you have to try to overcome it
8 转折步关系
but however 然
yet 然 nevertheless 然（）
while opposed to 相
conversely 相反 as a matter of fact 事实
whereas 反 as opposed to 相反
unlike （样） in contrast (withto) 相
different from this (quite) on the contrary （恰恰）相反
on the one hand…on the other hand 方面方面
different from still 然
compared with (to) 起 in comparison with 起
despite reckless of 顾
regardless of 顾 in spite of (the fact that)
while (al)though
instead 相反 even so 样
even though (if)
no matter how (what who…) （什谁）
after all毕竟 although this may be true真
Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities Of course there have always been people who have looked for adventure those who have climbed the highest mountainsexplored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans． Nowhoweverthere are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds
9 果关系
as for
since 然 because
thanks to 亏 due to
because of owing to
in view of 考虑 by virtue of
considering that 考虑 for the reason that
now that 然 on the ground of 理
for this reason 里理
thus for this reason
hence as a consequence 结果
so as a result （）结果
therefore consequently 结果
accordingly in consequence 结果
it follows that
The further advancement of human civilization is always followed by the damage to the
nature To propel the socioeconomic（社会济学） development most countries try to
reach their goals at the expense of the environment There is one popular saying that we should develop ourselves first and then we try to save the environment This shallow consensus（舆）has caused the pollution of all kinds Thus it’s time for mankind to take steps to stop polluting the nature for the following generations
10结概括关系
in sum 总言 in brief简言
in short 简言 in a word总言
all in all 总言 in summary总言
in conclusion总言 on the whole 总言
to conclude总言 to summarize总言
to sum up 总言 briefly 总言
as has been noted 正面提 as has been said above 正说
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1 重点词汇表
序号
单词
词义
含义
1
Abandon
[ə＇bændən]
vt 放弃抛弃
n 放放
否定特注意放放含义
The broken bike was found abandoned by the river side
They drank and smoked with reckless abandon
2
Accessible
[ək＇sesəbl]
a易接利易受影响理解
褒义词通常表达作者某事物态度
Those are his most accessible stories
convenient approachable
comprehendible available
3
Accommodation
[əkɔmə＇deiʃən]
n住处膳宿
提供便利满足需意思
overnight accommodations 夜住处
4
acute[ə＇kjut]
a敏锐剧烈
褒义贬义
He is a man of acute intelligence非常聪颖
He fell ill with acute appendicitis
急性阑尾炎
5
additional[ə＇diʃənəl]
a外附加额外
通常词引出文观点事物追加叙述承关系进步阐述引出文太关注
6
adequate[＇ædikwit]
a适足够
绝反映作者正态度表达作者某观点某事物褒扬
7
admittedly[əd＇mitidli]
adj承认确认疑
转折前兆词面开始说种观点错
my research is admittedly incomplete
8
advocate[＇ædvəkeit ＇ædvəkət]
n提倡者鼓吹者
vt提倡鼓吹
某原者提议进行辩护阅读中引申拥护支持意思They are advocates of free trade
贸易倡导者
9
alter[＇ɔltə]
v改变
改变果发生观点非常值关注观点承转折整文章结构关重例：alter accepted views of ancient literary works
10
amused[ə＇mjuzd]
a愉快玩开心
通常褒义词
11
appropriate[ə＇prəuprieit ə＇prəupriət]
a适
正态度
She picked up a dress appropriate for the occasion
挑件适合该场合穿衣服
序号
单词
词义
含义
12
approval[ə＇pruvəl]
n赞成承认正式批准
停留许表面表达赞认嘉奖正态度
OK okay sanctionauthorize authorise
13
arguable[＇ɑɡjuəbl]
adv争辩
贬义an arguable question still unresolved
14
assert[ə＇sət]
v断言声称
没正负态度倾性提出观点理
He asserted that he was not guilty
声明罪
15
assertion[ə＇səʃən]
n张断言声明
确认观点
16
assess[ə＇ses]
vt 评定评估
提出观点evaluate measure grade
17
associate[ə＇səuʃieit ə＇səuʃiət eit]
vt 发生联系联合
产生联系
18
attack[ə＇tæk]
vi攻击n进攻攻击
词常提出文立观点
19
attribute[ə＇tribjut ＇ætribjut]
n属性品质
表示果关系
20
available[ə＇veiləbl]
a利
较明显褒义词然反映作者正态度词身修饰语定予强烈关注
21
background[＇bækɡraund]
n背景台
文章第段没直指focus作种引子引出文样段落常问作作提供种background
22
barrier[＇bæriə]
n障碍物栅栏屏障
词常常引出事物缺陷缺陷必然考点引出缺陷词然值关注
obstacle obstruction
23
besides[bi＇saidz]
adv外
prep…外
注意besidestogether with含义然引出新事物暗含新事物文事物着样特征文述观点致承关系叙述
24
bias[＇baiəs]
n偏见偏爱
否定态度Some people have a bias against foreigners
外国偏见
25
blame[＇bleim]
n失责备 vt责备谴责
表达事物缺陷特征词
26
cease[sis]
v停止终
27
challenge[＇tʃælindʒ]
n挑战 vt …挑战
阅读中词更表达新事物旧事物背叛挑战表达新旧观点立
序号
单词
词义
含义
提出异议怀疑反
He challenged my view on that matter
件事法提出异议
颇作工作艰巨事[C]
To build a road in the mountainous area was a real challenge
山区修筑公路确艰巨事
He wants a career that offers a challenge
挑战性番作事业
28
charge[tʃɑdʒ]
n负荷费掌
vt控诉责令告戒指示收费
表示贬义
29
chief[tʃif]
a首首席 n首领领袖
高级特征词
30
coexist[＇kəuiɡ＇zist]
vi存
褒义词
31
coherent[kəu＇hiərənt]
a粘起致连贯
褒义词
32
collide[kə＇laid]
vi碰撞抵触
相反观点
33
community[kə＇mjuniti]
n社区团体众
常表示生物群落居群体
34
compensate[＇kɔmpenseit]
v偿补偿付报酬
贬义词
35
competition[kɔmpi＇tiʃən]
n竞争竞赛
表示关系考点
36
complicate[＇kɔmplikeit]
v（）变复杂
表示关系考点
His disease was complicated by pneumonia
病发肺炎加重
37
component[kəm＇pəunənt]
n成分 a组成构成
表示关系考点
38
compose[kəm＇pəuz]
v组成写作
表示关系考点
39
concern[kən＇sən]
vt涉关系
表示关注问题解决型文章标志词
Andrew expressed his concern
安德鲁表示关切
The letter is chiefly concerned with export commodities
序号
单词
词义
含义
封信关出口商品
40
condemn[kən＇dem]
vt声讨谴责判刑
常态度题中出现单词表达负态度
We condemn his foolish behavior
谴责愚蠢行
41
confirm[kən＇fəm]
vt确定批准
巩固效
词关系观点证否效果观点confirm确件欢欣鼓舞事情必然作者支持观点
42
conflict[kən＇flikt ＇kɔnflikt]
n斗争突
vi抵触突
常常引出立观点表达事物间立关系This is an irreconcilable conflict
调矛盾
43
confront[kən＇frʌnt]
vt面抗
词常常引出立观点时表达种贬义色彩遭遇事情
44
confused[kən＇fjuzd]
a困惑烦恼
负态度词
45
consistent[kən＇sistənt]
a致调坚固
正态度
46
contemporary[kən＇tempərəri]
n时代
a代时代
较
47
contend[kən＇tend]
v斗争竞争张
词常引出立观点
The police contended that the difficulties they faced were too severe
警察强调说面困难太严重
48
contest[＇kɔntest kən＇test]
n争竞赛
v争争辩竞赛
提出观点
49
contradict[kɔntrə＇dikt]
vt反驳反否认…矛盾…抵触…相反
To assert or express the opposite of (a statement)驳斥种说法
To deny the statement of 否认…说法
To be contrary to be inconsistent with …相矛盾…抵触
50
conventional[kən＇venʃənəl]
a惯例常规俗传统
传统惯例通常作者反摒弃词引出观点属旧观点必然新观点取代
51
crash[kræʃ]
n碰撞坠落坠毁
v碰撞坠落坠毁
贬义
52
critical[＇kritikəl]
a批评评鉴定危急界
常态度题中出现表达作者负态度
序号
单词
词义
含义
53
criticize[＇kritisaiz]
v批评责备
表达种负态度
54
debate[di＇beit]
v争辩 n争辩
值关注单词出现意味着立观点观点立关系考察重点
55
defect[＇difekt di＇f di＇fekt]
n失缺点
表示事物缺陷特征词果词出现文值关注缺陷重考点表示缺陷特征词：shortcoming imperfection deficiency
56
definite[＇definit]
a明确定
正态度
57
demonstrate[＇demənstreit]
a证
词果阅读中出现值关注证明观点效观点效观点作者支持观点capable of being demonstrated
58
depression[di＇preʃən]
n沮丧消沉低气压低压
贬义态度
59
descend[di＇send]
vvi降
降表示种变化变化阅读中常常成考点出现词值关注
60
destructive[di＇strʌktiv]
a破坏（性）
阅读中词应该首先想贬义词时候引出某事物缺陷成考点
61
discouraging[dis＇kʌridʒiŋ]
a令气馁
贬义词
62
distinct[dis＇tiŋkt]
a清楚明显截然独特
作差讲时值关注词差常成考点on two distinct occasions
The twins had distinct tastes
两双胞胎嗜
63
drawback[＇drɔbæk]
n缺点障碍退换关税退税（指进口货物出口时退进口时关税）
缺陷特征词值强烈关注缺陷常成考点
64
eliminate[i＇limineit]
vt 排消
表示彻底消失考点
do away with get rid of extinguish
cancel out wipe out
65
embrace[im＇breis]
vt 拥抱包含收买信奉 vi 拥抱n 拥抱
正态度词表达欢迎赞
66
enforce[in＇fɔs]
n执行强制
序号
单词
词义
含义
67
enhance[in＇hɑns hæns]
vt提高增强
表达事物变化值关注
68
evolution[ivə＇luʃən ev]
n进展发展演变进化
达尔文进化阅读中出现通常遭作者反
69
exaggerate[iɡ＇zædʒəreit]
v夸夸张
贬义词时常引出事物缺陷值关注义词：overstate overemphasize
70
fruitful[＇frutful]
a果实结产富成效
褒义词
71
genuine[＇dʒenjuin]
a真实真正诚恳
褒义词
72
identify[ai＇dentifai]
vt识鉴……成样 v确定
含义to be or become the same 时候表达两种事物关系常常成考点值关注
73
imitate[＇imiteit]
vt模仿仿效仿制仿造
表示两者联系
74
impact[＇impækt im＇pækt]
n碰撞突击影响效果
结果类命题标志词
75
improper[im＇prɔpə]
a适合适正确合理适宜
事物缺陷特征词值关注
76
inaccuracy[in＇ækjurəsi]
n错误
事物缺陷特征词值关注
77
incomplete[inkəm＇plit]
a完全完善
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
78
increase[in＇kris ＇inkris]
vt增加加vi增加繁殖 n增加增增长
表示事物变化词予足够关注读文章时候出标记例箭头表示变化趋势
79
incredible[in＇kredəbl]
a <口>难置信
表示惊奇态度
80
indifference[in＇difərəns]
n关心
通常出现态度题中充混淆项
81
inefficiency[ini＇fiʃənsi]
n效称职
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
82
initial[i＇niʃəl]
a初初始词首 n词首写字母
旧观点特征词
took the initial step toward peace
opening first early earliest beginning primary commencing introductory
83
innovative[＇inəuveitiv]
a创新革新（义）
新事物新观点特征词新总作者支持
novel new original different fresh unusual unfamiliar uncommon inventive
84
insight[＇insait]
n洞察力见识
正态度词
85
insufficiency[insə＇fiʃənsi]
n足
负态度词事物缺陷特征词值强烈关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
86
interpret[in＇təprit]
v解释说明口译通译认…意思
词出现否效解释观点现象关键应该关注焦点
87
invalid[＇invəlid lid invə＇lid ＇in]
n 效
负态度词
88
investigate[in＇vestiɡeit]
v调查研究
常常作说明观点般说调查具体容必细关键调查否效支持证
89
justified [＇dʒʌstifaid]
a正合法合理
褒义词
90
merit[＇merit]
n优点价值 v益
褒义词
91
Misunderstand
[misʌndə＇stænd]
vt误解误会
贬义词
92
modest[＇mɔdist]
a谦虚谦适度
表示种适度态度情绪常出现态度题正确选项里感情色彩词连例：modest commend适度赞扬说严谨客观较容易成正确答案果modest修饰态度词表达感情色彩正确正确答案疑
93
negative[＇neɡətiv]
n否定负数底片 a否定消极负阴性 vt否定拒绝（接受）
贬义词
94
neglect[ni＇ɡlekt]
vt 忽视疏忽漏做
n 忽视疏忽漏做
忽略应该意东西应该予关注东西词身说明忽略象读者应该予足够关注统计表明确常成考点时忽略缺点容易考值关注
95
normally[＇nɔməli]
adv正常通常
简单词阅读中寻常意义通常观点阅读中总成旧观点作者屏弃观点
96
novel[＇nɔvəl]
n说长篇事 a新奇新颖异常
novel作新讲时候通常作者支持赞观点通常作者想篇幅叙述观点值予强烈关注
97
objective[əb＇dʒektiv ɔb]
n目标目 a客观
常作态度词出现
98
opposed[ə＇pəuzd]
a反敌
负态度词
99
opposite[＇ɔpəzit sit]
a 相面立相反等应 n相反事物
引发立观点值关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
100
original[ə＇ridʒənəl]
n原物原作 a初原始独创新颖
含义原作第二含义新颖新奇新通常作者赞
101
outline[＇autlain]
n纲轮廓略图外形点概
vt 描画轮廓略述
整体结构词
102
outstanding[aut＇stændiŋ]
a突出显著
褒义词
103
outweigh[aut＇wei]
v重量（价值等）超
常较两事物重程度涉常考查事物间关系值关注
The advantages of the plan outweigh its disadvantages
计划处超利方面
104
overestimate[əuvər＇estimeit ＇estimət]
vt评价高 n估计高评价高
表示缺陷失常考值关注
105
overlook[əuvə＇luk ＇əuvəluk]
vt俯瞰耸出远眺没注意 n眺俯瞰中景色
阅读中值关注含义忽略to look past miss ignore
106
overwhelm[əuvə＇hwelm]
vt淹没覆没制服压倒
表示占绝优势绝重量例：overwhelming majority压倒性数
107
partial[＇pɑʃəl]
n泛音 a部分局部偏袒偏爱
负态度词
108
passive[＇pæsiv]
a动
负态度词
109
persuasive[pə＇sweisiv ziv]
a说服力
褒义词通常作者赞观点值关注
110
pessimism[＇pesimizəm]
n悲观悲观义
负态度词
111
positive[＇pɔzətiv zi]
a肯定实际积极绝确实
正态度词
112
precious[＇preʃəs]
a宝贵贵重珍爱精致
褒义词
113
precise[pri＇sais]
a精确准确
褒义词
114
predominant[pri＇dɔminənt]
a卓越支配突出影响
褒义词
序号
单词
词义
含义
115
preference[＇prefərəns]
n偏爱优先选择
较含义
116
prejudice[＇predʒudis]
n偏见成见损害侵害 v损害
常成考点表缺陷词
117
prevail[pri＇veil pri]
vi流行盛行获胜成功
褒义词
118
previous[＇privjəs]
a前早先
adv…前
词常引出旧观点作者屏弃观点
119
primitive[＇primitiv]
a原始远古粗糙简单
词三基含义早期讲时候通常引出旧观点
120
profoundly[prəu＇faundli]
adv深刻忠心
含义中深刻褒义词having intellectual depth and insight
121
prohibition[prəuhi＇biʃən]
n禁止阻止
贬义词
122
promptly[prɔmptli]
adv敏捷迅速
褒义词
123
properly[＇prɔpəli]
adv适完全
褒义词
124
protest[prəu＇test ＇prəu]
n张断言抗议
常引发立观点值关注
The defendant protested that he had never been near the scene of the crime
告坚决声辩没犯罪现场附
125
puzzle[＇pʌzl]
n 难题谜
v（）迷惑（）难
常问题解决类型文章特征词尤出现首段时候意味着文寻求正确解释
I have been puzzling about this question for weeks now
问题已冥思苦想星期
126
recruit[ri＇krut]
n新兵新分子新会员
vt 恢复补充征募
vi 征募新兵复原
新含义作者通常正态度
127
refined[ri＇faind]
a精制优雅精确
褒义词
128
reform[ri＇fɔm]
n改革改善改良运动感化 vt改革革新重新组成 vi革新改重组
改良革新作者贯支持观点
129
reinforce[riin＇fɔs]
vt加强增援补充增加…数量修补加固 vi求援增援 n加固物
表示事物间关系词汇值关注事物间关系常常成考点
序号
单词
词义
含义
130
reject[ri＇dʒekt]
n拒弃物合格品落选者格者vt 拒绝抵制
表示否定某事物某观点
131
relation[ri＇leiʃən]
n关系联系叙述事亲戚
词汇阅读中出现予足够关注事物间关系常常成考点relation引出事物关系直接叙述
the relation between smoking and heart disease
132
reliable[ri＇laiəbl]
a信赖
褒义词
133
removal[ri＇muvəl]
n移动免职切
否定某事物
134
resemble[ri＇zembl]
vt 类似
词指两者相似反映事物间关系常常成考点值关注阅读中相似等换说相似着眼点处差异般没述
135
restate[ri＇steit]
vt重新叙述重申
新含义重申理观点通常作者支持
136
revise[ri＇vaiz ＇rivaiz]
vt修订校订修改
修订半作者支持推陈出新意思
137
revolution[revə＇ljuʃən]
n革命旋转
词英文解释核心change革新含义通常作者支持
138
rival[＇raivəl]
n竞争者手
v竞争抗相匹敌
词体现手光单纯竞争关系衣层隐含含义相匹敌one that equals another in desired qualities peer
139
routine[ru＇tin]
n例行公事常规日常事物程序
惯例常规俗旧含义般作者屏弃旧观点
140
sanction[＇sæŋkʃən]
n批准意支持制裁认 v批准意支持鼓励认
正态度词
141
scheme[skim]
v计划设计图谋策划 n安排配置计划阴谋方案图解摘
表示事件关系考点处strategy
plan of action
142
segment[＇seɡmənt seɡ＇ment ＇seɡment]
n段节片段 v分割
部分标志词section
143
shortcoming[＇ʃɔt＇cʌmiŋ]
n缺点短处
事物缺陷特征词值予强烈关注义词：deficiency defect
144
similarity[simi＇læriti]
n类似类似处
般表达事物间关系常成考点值关注
序号
单词
词义
含义
145
statistics[stə＇tistiks]
n统计学统计表
阅读中词出现通常引出段证明某观点统计具体容方式数等必关注否效支持说明观点关键读者应关注焦点
146
subject[＇sʌbdʒikt dʒe səb＇dʒekt]
vt屈…隶属
n题题目
意思属时候表达两事物间关系容易考点值关注
This country was once subjected to foreign rule
国家度受外国统治
147
subordinate[sə＇bɔdinət neit sə＇bɔdineit]
a 次属级 n 属 v服
意思属时候表达两事物间关系容易考点值关注
148
substituted[＇sʌbstitjutid]
a 取代代
表达式间关系常成考点值关注
149
successive[sək＇sesiv]
a 连续
注意成功相区
150
survey[sə＇vei ＇səvei sə]
vi测量土
vt调查
词立刻想述某观点容重重证否证明某观点效
151
suspect[sə＇spekt ＇sʌspekt]
n嫌疑犯
a令怀疑信
负态度词
152
tedious[＇tidiəs ＇tidʒəs]
a单调乏味沉闷冗长乏味
贬义词
153
tentative[＇tentətiv]
n试验假设 a实验性试探尝试暂定
述某观点容重重证否证明某观点效
154
transition[træn＇siʒən ＇ziʃən trɑn]
n转变转换
表示事物变化词值关注
155
unavailable[＇ʌnə＇veiləbl]
a难获
贬义词反映事物缺陷值关注
156
underestimate[ʌndə＇estimeit]
vt低估轻
贬义词
157
undermine[ʌndə＇main]
v破坏
贬义词表达某事物观点否定
158
undetermined[＇ʌndi＇təmind]
a未确定未解决
词出现两种种说明前面观点效性种引发文解决方案果种情形读词读者开始寻找
159
uniform[＇junifɔm]
a统相致始终 n制服
表示事物间关系遇词时候标记
160
unique[ju＇nik]
a唯独特
表明高级词汇阅读中出现做标记高级常常帮助判断正确选项正误词总代表惟时候独特含义注意分辨例：they can make a unique contribution(特殊贡献)to society
序号
单词
词义
含义
161
universal[juni＇vəsəl]
a普遍全体通
普遍通含义词常常引出旧观点作者通常反观点
162
unrealistic[ʌnriə＇listik]
a 切实际
负态度词
163
vague[veiɡ]
a含糊清楚
负态度词
164
validate[＇vælideit]
vt 效生效
确认证实验证
证明某观点效性词词支持观点予足够关注定作者支持观点
165
variety[və＇raiəti]
n 变化样性
品种种类
变化常常成考点组词谁出现值关注
166
verify[＇verifai]
Vt检验校验查证核实
证明某观点效性词词持观点予足够关注定作者支持观点
167
violate[＇vaiəleit]
vt 违犯犯干扰
引出立观点值予足够关注
168
whereas[hwεə＇æz]
conj 然反鉴
转折关系词
169
while[hwail]
conj …时候然
表达事物间关系连词引导句子值关注
阅读常换词
abundant plentiful considerable a 量
accelerate increase rise v 加速加
accessible available a
accordingly for that reason ad
accordingly consequently ad
account for explain v 解释说明
accumulate collect gather v 积累积聚
advocate proponent n 倡导者辩护者
aid help assist v 帮助
alter change modify v 改变调整
alternative option choice n 代代物
altogether completely ad 完全
antecedent predecessor n 先辈
anticipate look forward to v 期盼
appealing attractive a 吸引
apply use employ utilize v 应适
appreciation recognition n 鉴赏鉴
article object n 物品物体
assemble gather v 装配组合
attained achieved reached v 达
attribute characteristics n 特征
besides in addition to prep 外
bias prejudice n 偏见嗜
boost raise v 提高推进
bound limit restrict confine 限制 范围界限
bring about cause v 导致引起
cease stop v 停止结束
chance accident unplanned a 偶然碰巧
chronic long term long run 长期慢性
classify categorize v 分类
clue information n 线索信息
collective group n 集体
comparably similarly ad 相
competitor rival 手
component parts n 部分
concrete specific a 具体特定
consequence result outcome n 结果
conserve retain v 保存保护
considerable substantial a 重
constituent component n 成分素
constitute make up v 构成组成
consume eat use v 吃掉 掉
contemporary existing a 代现
crucial important a 重
deliberate careful a 审慎仔细
demand require v 求需求
demonstrate show v 表明证实
depict portray describe 描述
detect find v 探测
devote to dedicate v 致力献身
die out become extinct 灭绝
distinct separate a 清晰
distinct different a 独特
distinguish differentiate v 区分辨
diverse varied different a
domain field n 领域范围
dramatic striking a 戏剧性显著
draw attract v 吸引
elevate promote v 提高提升
emerge appear v 浮现出现
emit give off v 发出
enhance improve encourage 提升鼓励
end goal n 末端目
ensures guarantees v 保证
entire whole a 全部
essential fundamental a 基
establish create v 设立创作
estimated judged v 鉴定
evidence indicate n 迹象预示
expose uncover v 暴露暴露
extend stretch v 延长扩展
extract remove v 提取取
extraordinary supreme a 非极度
fabricate make v 制作装配
favor prefer v 喜爱
fine tiny minute a 细
flourished thrived n 茂盛
forwardlooking progressive a 前远见
fund money financial 金钱
ground reason 原
herald announce v 预示预报
ideal perfect a 完美
identical exactly alike a 样
imitate copy v 模仿伪造
implication significance n 含义意义
imposing demanding a 紧迫紧急
in place of instead of ad 代
in reality actually n 实际事实
inhibit hinder v 阻止阻碍
initiate start v 开始引发
initiate cause v 开始引发
initial first 开始
innovation new idea n 创新革新
instance case n 实例例证
intense extreme a 强烈剧烈
intensive concentrated a 加强集中
intent purpose n 目
interchangeable equivalent a 相等互换
inviting attractive a 吸引诱
justify prove v 辩护证实
key important 关键
laborious difficult a 费力
launch initiate start 开始
magnify intensify v 放强化
maintain preserve v 维持坚持
major principal a 型
margin edge n 边边缘
marked noticeable a 显著
matter make a difference be important 重
means method approach n 方法
merely only ad 仅仅
nevertheless however ad 然然
norm standard n 标准
obtain get v 获取
obtain acquire v 获取
obtain acquire v 获
overstate exaggerate 夸张
obvious apparent a 明显显易见
omit neglect leave out 省略
optimal best a 佳
outbreak beginning n 爆发开始
peculiar strange a 奇特
persist continue v 持续
pertinent relevant related a 关
phenomena event n 现象事件
pick up follow v 寻找寻路
plunge drop nv 投入陷入
position job n 职位职务
potential possible a 潜
precise accurate a 精确
prefer favor v 偏喜欢
preside manage v 负责统辖
prevailing dominant a 占优势
prevent avoid v 制止阻止
primarily chiefly ad
primary fundamental a 基初步
prior to preceding a 先居前
probe explore study research v 探察
pursue chase v 追赶
raise rear v 饲养养育
random unpredictable a 知
rapidity swiftness n 迅速
rate speed 速度
readily easily ad 容易
realization awareness n 认识意识
rear raise v 培养饲养
recorded documented a 已纪录
regardless of no matter what a
relate connect v 相关关联
reliance dependence n
remarkable significant a 异常非
replace substitute 代
representative typical a 典型
resemble be similar to v 相似类似
resolve find a solution for v 解决
resort to use v 采
revise change v 修正改造
robust strong a 强健坚强
scarcely barely ad 稀缺珍贵
scope extent n 范围
secure acquire v 获取
secure safe ad 安全
serve as function as v 充担
settle decide v 决定解决
settled stabled a 固定
shield protect v 保护避开
site location n 点场
skepticism doubt n 怀疑义怀疑态度
skilled expert a 熟练擅长
skyrocket increase rapidly v 猛涨突增
sole only a 唯独
solemn serious a 严肃庄重
sort out separate v 挑选出
spark bring about v 激发发动
standard customary a 标准
stimulate encourage v 激发促进
strain stress v 拉紧重压
strength basis n 实力基础
stress emphasize v 强调
striking noticeable a 显著
subsequent later a
subsidize finance v 资助赞助
sufficient adequate enough a 足够充足
supplement add to v 补充增加
supremacy dominance n 高支配位
surging accelerating a 高涨跃进
tempting attractive a 诱
thanks to because of n 亏
trend tendency n 趋势趋
undergone experienced v 历
undoubtedly certainly ad 确
unique particular a 独特
unrestricted unlimited a 限制
various different a
vary differ v 变化改变
vast large a 巨广阔
very closely intimately ad 亲密密切
virtually completely n 实质
whether if conj 否
witness observe v 目睹目击
十逻辑联系词
1时间关系
……前adj earlier former previous preceding
adv before earlier first formerly previously
词组：before that before then until now before that time
……时 at that moment at the same time meanwhile nowadays presently as soon as immediately when while
…… after after a short (long) time afterward at last finally from that time on lately later recently shortly since since then some time later soon temporarily then thereafter
Nobody knows who first invented it but the umbrella was used in very ancient times Probably the first to use it were the Chinese way back in the eleventh century BC
We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade And there was a strange thing connected with its use it became a symbol of honor and authority In the Far East in ancient times the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high offices
In Europe the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece But it is believed that the first persons in Eurpoe to use the umbrella as protection against rain were the ancient Romans
During the Middle Ages the use of the umbrella practically disappeared Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century And against it was considered a symbol of power and authority By1680 the umbrella appeared in
France and later on in England
By the eighteenth century the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time though they have become much lighter in weight It wasn＇t until the twentieth century that women＇s umbrellas began to be made in a whole variety of colors
2 空间位置关系
above across around below beneath beyond before below beyond far ahead far behind here in the centre in the distance next to nearby opposite on the bottom on the north (south) on the right over straight ahead on the left on the right up on top of opposite
Our bedroom is on the fifth floor of the Second Dormitory Building It is a mediumsized room about six meters long and three meters wide The walls are milk white and the ceiling is light yellow Facing the south there is a large window Beneath it there is a painted radiator for heating the room in the wintertime Near the right corner of the opposite wall there is a blue door Next to it stands a tall shelf on which we put our suitcases Beside the shelf there is a row of hooks to hang our school bags and jackets Against each side of the northern and western walls stands a bunk bed for four of us Each bed is covered with a brightcolored bedsheet In the middle of the room there are four sets of chairs and desks The desks are arranged in such a way that they form a large writing surface and on it we put our books and stationery Above the desks there are two incandescent lights which make the room very bright at night On the whole it is a pleasant and comfortable room
3 序列关系
first 首先 first of all 首先
the first stage step 第步 in the first (second) place首先
first and foremost首先 first and most important重
to begin with首先 to start with首先
for a start首先
then 然 second 第二
next 次 since then
afterwards after that
and next 次
in the last place to end with finally
last in the last place
last of all least importantly 重
most important(ly) of all重 most importantly重
above all 重
Chatting on line has brought many problems into people’s life First some people are so addicted that they have fallen into love with their chatting partners some of whom are unreliable Second many students spend too much time chatting on line As a result they have no time for other hobbies Finally some students chat on line to make friends but they may lose the ability to communicate with others in real life
4 列关系
and also
(for) one thing （件事） (for) another 件
likewise 样 the same is true that 样
similarly 样 again equally
in a like manner in a similar manner likewise
like ……样 in the same way 样
in the same vein 腔调 by the same token 样原
In the United States it is not customary to telephone someone very in the morning If you telephone him early in the day while he is shaving or having breakfast the time of the call shows that the matter is very important and requires immediate attention The same meaning is attached to telephone calls made after 1100 pm If someone receives a call during sleeping hours he assumes it＇s a matter of life and death The time chosen for the call communicates its importance
5 解释关系
in other words 换句话说 namely换句话说
that is to say 说 that is说
indeed 确实 particularly 尤
in reality 事实 let alone 更说
in particular 尤 to be strict 严格讲
not to mention 更必说 especially 特尤
without mentioning 更必说 strictly (speaking) 严格讲
Vandalismthat isthe senseless destruction of other people＇s propertyseems to have become part of modern lifeandat the same timewe have come to accept muggingin other wordsrobbery with violence in our streetsas a common danger
6 递进关系
even 甚 one more thing
also too
again and then
another点 still
moreover 外 besides (this) 外
furthermore 外 what is more 外
in addition 外 additionally 外
People in different cultures can communicate with each other With the development of communication systems people in different corners of the world can discuss a problem on telephone or through computer Moreover mankind has much in common They work for peace and wealth and they have created great music and arts that can be accepted across the world And what’s more human beings are faced with the same social problems which they need to deal with effectively
7 举例关系
like such as 诸
including 包括 as regards
for example 例 take… (for example) 例
for instance 例 as an example 例
to detail this 详细说 put it simply 简单说
as we know 正知 a case in point is 恰例子
The important thing is not to let fear rule you but instead to use fear as your servant and guide．Fear will warn you of dangersthen you have to decide what action to take In many casesyou can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger For exampleyou see a car coming straight towards youfear warns you you jump out of the way and all is well In some caseshoweveryou decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger．For instanceyou cannot prevent an airplane crashing onto your house In this casefear has given you its warning you have examined it and decided on your courseof actionso fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you and you have to try to overcome it
8 转折步关系
but however 然
yet 然 nevertheless 然（）
while opposed to 相
conversely 相反 as a matter of fact 事实
whereas 反 as opposed to 相反
unlike （样） in contrast (withto) 相
different from this (quite) on the contrary （恰恰）相反
on the one hand…on the other hand 方面方面
different from still 然
compared with (to) 起 in comparison with 起
despite reckless of 顾
regardless of 顾 in spite of (the fact that)
while (al)though
instead 相反 even so 样
even though (if)
no matter how (what who…) （什谁）
after all毕竟 although this may be true真
Around the world more and more people are taking part in dangerous sports and activities Of course there have always been people who have looked for adventure those who have climbed the highest mountainsexplored unknown parts of the world or sailed in small boats across the greatest oceans． Nowhoweverthere are people who seek an immediate excitement from a risky activity which may only last a few minutes or even seconds
9 果关系
as for
since 然 because
thanks to 亏 due to
because of owing to
in view of 考虑 by virtue of
considering that 考虑 for the reason that
now that 然 on the ground of 理
for this reason 里理
thus for this reason
hence as a consequence 结果
so as a result （）结果
therefore consequently 结果
accordingly in consequence 结果
it follows that
The further advancement of human civilization is always followed by the damage to the
nature To propel the socioeconomic（社会济学） development most countries try to
reach their goals at the expense of the environment There is one popular saying that we should develop ourselves first and then we try to save the environment This shallow consensus（舆）has caused the pollution of all kinds Thus it’s time for mankind to take steps to stop polluting the nature for the following generations
10结概括关系
in sum 总言 in brief简言
in short 简言 in a word总言
all in all 总言 in summary总言
in conclusion总言 on the whole 总言
to conclude总言 to summarize总言
to sum up 总言 briefly 总言
as has been noted 正面提 as has been said above 正说
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