句子成分讲解及练习


    句子成分讲解练

    语(subject) 句子说明事物 (找出语说明什词充)
    The sun rises in the east ( ) He likes dancing ( )
    Twenty years is a short time in history ( ) Seeing is believing ( )
    To see is to believe ( ) What he needs is a book ( )
    It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree ( )
    谓语(predicate) 说明语动作状态特征
    We study English He is asleep
    表语(predicative) 系动词成分表示语性质状态特征
    He is a teacher ( ) Seventyfour You don’t look it ( )
    Five and five is ten ( ) He is asleep ( )
    His father is in ( ) The picture is on the wall ( )
    My watch is gone missing lost ( )
    To wear a flower is to say I’m poor I can’t buy a ring ( )
    The question is whether they will come ( )
    (常见系动词 be sound(听起) look(起) feel(摸起smell(闻起) taste(尝吃起) remain(保持) feel(感觉)
    It sounds a good idea The sound sounds strange
    Her voice sounds sweet Tom looks thin
    The food smells delicious The food tastes good
    The door remains open Now I feel tired
    宾语:1)动作承受者动宾
    I like China ( ) He hates you ( )
    How many do you need We need two ( )
    We should help the old and the poor ( ) I enjoy working with you ( )
    I hope to see you again ( ) Did you write down what he said ( )
    2) 介词名词代词动名词介宾
    Are you afraid of the snake Under the snow there are many rocks
    3) 双宾语间宾(指)直宾(指物)
    He gave me a book yesterday Give the poor man some money
    宾补:宾语补充全称宾语补足语
    We elected him monitor ( ) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here ( )
    We will make them happy ( ) We found nobody in ( )
    Please make yourself at home ( ) Don’t let him do that ( )
    His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson ( )
    Don’t keep the lights burning ( ) I’ll have my bike repaired ( )
    补:语补充
    He was elected monitor She was found singing in the next room
    He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson
    定语:修饰限制名词代词词词组句子
    Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher( ) He is our friend ( )
    We belong to the third world ( ) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson( )
    The man over there is my old friend( )
    The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister ( )
    The boys playing football are in Class 2 ( )
    The trees planted last year are growing well now ( )
    I have an idea to do it well ( )
    You should do everything that I do ( )
    状语:修饰v adj adv 句子 表示时间点原目结果程度条件方式步
    I will go there tomorrow The meeting will be held in the meeting room
    The meat went bad because of the hot weather He studies hard to learn English well
    He didn’t study hard so that he failed in the exam I like some of you very much
    If you study hard you will pass the exam He goes to school by bike
    Though he is young he can do it well
    句子结构
    简单句五基句型
    1 语 + 谓语(物动词) She came. My head aches
    2 语 + 谓语(物动词) +宾语 She likes English
    3 语 + 系动词 +表语 She is happy.
    4 语 + 谓语(双宾动词) +间接宾语 +直接宾语 She gave John a book.
    She bought a book for me
    5 语 + 谓语 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry.
    The teacher asked me to read the passage
    ( There +be There lies a book on the desk )

    Exercises
    分析列句子成分
    1 Students study 2 It is a great pleasure to talk with you

    3 All of us considered him honest 4 My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes

    5 He broke a piece of glass 6 He made it clear that he would leave the city.

    7 I have two elder sisters. 8 The terrible sound made the children frightened

    9 They pushed the door open 10 Grandma told me an interesting story last night

    11 He wrote carefully some letters to his friends 12 All the students think highly of his teaching

    13 We need a place twice larger than this one 14 He asked us to sing an English song

    15 Tigers are dangerous animals. 16We will make our school more beautiful

    17 I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way 18 I made Tom monitor

    19 He showed the ticket to the conductor 20 She showed us her many of her pictures

    21 The old man lives a lonely life 22 This term I have written three letters to my parents
    翻 译 练 :
    谓结构 ( 语 + 物动词 )
    1应努力学
    2昨天晚回家晚
    3五年前住北京
    4十年里家乡已发生巨变化

    谓宾结构 (语 +物动词 +宾语 )

    1昨晚写封信
    2书读次
    3位先生流利说三种语言
    4知道说什麽

    系表结构 (语 +系动词+表语 )

    1兄弟学生
    2布朗夫起健康
    3工作幼园里童
    4报告听起意思

    双宾语结构 (语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 )

    1 Johnson 先生年教德语 
    2 Mary钱包交校长  
    3 车票列车员   
    4 父亲已买辆新行车 

    复合宾语结构 (语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 )

    1家认诚实
    2真相告诉
    3卫兵命令立离开
    4天早晨听声朗读英语
    15请录音机修理 16怕声音孩子吓坏

    17正听家讲事 18男孩子士兵操练

    19没见字样 20感难交谈

    21想船里更舒服 22认种方法解题

    23学校定条规开始课时学生起立 24认谈话益

    There be 句型

    1晚没会 2村子口井

    3学校名音乐老师名美术老师 4客中两名美国两名法国

    5天气预报说午风 6灯亮着办公室里肯定

    7战前直家电影院 8恰时房里没

    9前海边村子里住着位老渔夫 10公汽车

    11剩二十八美元 12山洞前面长着棵高松树

    13铃响 14二月份二十八天



    KEYS

    分析列句子成分

    1 语 + 系动词 + 表语 2 语 + 系动词 + 表语
    3 语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 4 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    5 语 +物动词 +宾语 6 语 +动词 + 形式宾语 it+ 宾语补足语+宾语
    7 语 +物动词 +宾语 8 语 + 系动词 + 表语
    9 语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 10 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    11 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 12 语 +物动词 +宾语
    13 语 +物动词 +宾语 14 语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
    15 语 + 系动词 + 表语 16 语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语
    17 语 + 系动词 + 表语 18 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    19 语 + 物动词 20 语 + 物动词
    21 语 + 系动词 + 表语 22 语 + 系动词 + 表语
    23 语 +物动词 +宾语 24 语 + 物动词
    25 语 +物动词 +宾语 26 语 + 物动词
    27 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 28 语+双宾动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
    29 语 +物动词 +宾语 30 语 +动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

    翻 译 练 :

    谓结构 ( 语 + 物动词 )
    1You should study hard
    2 She went home very late yesterday evening
    3That morning we talked a great deal
    4The meeting will last two hours
    5Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years
    6Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day
    7The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919
    8Classes begin at eight every day
    9This box weighs five kilos
    10 I lived in Beijing five years ago

    谓宾结构 (语 + 物动词 +宾语 )
     1I wrote a letter last night  
    2I want to talk with you this afternoon
     3He has read this book many times 
    4They have carried out the plan successfully
     5You must finish reading these books in two weeks 
    6That gentlemen can speak three languages fluently
     7I received a letter from my pen friend in Australia 
    8Jim cannot dress himself
     9All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy
    10He did not know what to say
    系表结构 (语 + 系动词 +语补语 )
    1My brothers are all college students 2In winter the days are short and the nights are long
    3 Mrs Brown looks very healthy 4At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist
    5 Children keep quiet please 6 This book is about the history of the United States
    7Her job is to look after the children in the nursery 8He is out of work
    9The leaves have turned yellow 10The report sounds interesting

    双宾语结构 (语 + 双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语 )
    1Mr Johnson taught us German last year
    2Grandma told me an interesting story last night
    3Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster
    4Would you please pass me the dictionary
    5He showed the ticket to the conductor
    6This term I have written three letters to my parents
    7My father has bought me a new bike
    8Robinson Crusoe made himself a boat
    9Will you please get me a new copy
    10 Shall I call you a taxi

    复合宾语结构 (语 + 宾补动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补语 )
    1We call her Alice 2His parents named him John
    3All of us considered him honest 4They pushed the door open
    5They have set the thief free 6We will make our school more beautiful
    7He asked us to join in the game 8I want you to tell me the truth
    9The guards ordered us to leave at once 10Tomorrow I’ll have someone repair the machine
    11Every morning we hear him read English aloud 12The pain made him cry out
    13We won’t let her go out at night 14He has his hair cut once a month
    15I’ll get my recorder mended 16The terrible sound made the children frightened 17She is listening to someone telling stories 18he boys were watching the soldiers drilling
    19I have never seen the word used that way before 20He felt it very difficult to talk with you
    21I think it more comfortable to go there by ship
    22I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way
    23The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins
    24I thought it no use talking with that man

    There be 句型

    1There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight
    2There was only a well in the village
    3There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school
    4Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen
    5The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon 6
    6The light is on There must be someone ion the office
    7There used to be a cinema here before the war
    8There happened to be nobody in the room
    9Once there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea
    10There comes the bus
    11There remained just twentyeight dollars
    12In front of the cave there stands(grows) a tall pine tree
    13There goes the bell
    14There are twentyeight days in February
    分析列句子成分
    1 Students study 2 We are friends 3 They are teachers 4I play with him
    5 This is a red sun 6 He is a tall boy
    7 The students study hard 8 I often write to him
    9 The bag is too heavy 10 The tall boy often go to the big zoo
    11 The happy child went to his home
    12I have two elder sisters 13 They don't swim very well
    14 Do you go to school every day 15 I have a dream
    16 You don’t find opportunities 17 You make them
    18You won’t hear the knock 19 Your television is always on
    20Time is money 21 Three o’clock is always too late
    22Tom was made monitor 23 I made Tom monitor
    24 I am sure to succeed 25 This is beautiful music
    26There are only two kinds of music 27 Puff lived by the sea
    28 Can you feel the love tonight 29 Home never looks so good
    30 You come back 31First comes spring 32 I’ve never been to America
    33 I don’t know much about it
    34 Frankly speaking the food is not very good
    35 To love others makes us happy36To love ourselves makes us lonely
    37 We are made to love others38Experience is the best teacher
    39 They are going to Melbourne
    40 When you reach for the stars you may not quite get one but you won’t come up with a handful of sand either
    41 The painter painted a very nice picture
    42 They fought against SARS bravely
    43 To see is to believe 44 Helping animals is to help people
    45 It is very comfortable to have a Class A
    46 Eating too much is bad for your health
    47 The man looks worried48 Tigers are dangerous animals
    49 Keep the keyboards clean children
    50 You go there and fetch me a glass of water
    51 Computers are made in this factory 52 Where are they
    53 Does the boy like staying home
    55 Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam
    56 The Chinese people are a hardworking and brave people
    57 He travelled in space
    58 Who teaches you English this year 59 The pizza has gone bad
    60 I am making so much noise
    61 He can’t have finished reading the 800pagelong novel
    62 Something must be done t 63 You’d better go over the lesson
    64 They should have been there once65 What are you doing this evening
    66 Many trees have been cut down since 1970s
    67 He made up his mind to be a vet
    68 He does not enjoy himself very much 69 Did any of you see dinosaur eggs
    70 Many trees have been cut down since 1970s
    71 Feeling good about yourself is essential to feeling good about life
    72 They wake up the other family members
    73 The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs built for themselves
    74 Air and water is necessary to us all
    75 The Olympic Games is held every other year
    76 The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing
    77 He told me that the company could not afford to pay him so much money
    78 They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons
    79 I think to be a children’s doctor is very rewarding
    80 Listen to the radio81 Can you hear anything exciting
    82 What did he see
    83 What does he write a letter with 84 With what does he write a letter
    85 Please put the shoes away 86 Please put away the shoes
    87 Please put them away 88 He often gives me some help
    89 Please make me a kite 90 Please make a kite for me
    91 I found the job rather difficult 92 I found it rather difficult to do the job
    93 He became a doctor after he left high school
    94 The rubber wheels are over there
    95 He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold 96 Who is it 97 It’s I (It’s me)
    98 He was terribly sorry for his carelessness (粗心歉疚)
    99 Please make no noise here the baby is asleep (请发出响动婴正熟睡呢)
    100 I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all
    (独坐孤舟事事感兴趣)
    101 I am not alone in thinking so(非样想)
    102 France and Switzerland are European countries (法国瑞士欧洲国家)
    103 His mother and father are both college teachers(父母学教师)
    104 This is the day that I can never forget in my life (辈子难忘日子)
    105 You don’t always want what you need or need what you want
    106 I really want a cup of tea16 Miss Smith teaches English very well
    107 If you want the rainbow you have to put up with the rain
    108 The secret of success is to start from scratch and keep on scratching

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