2019年6月六级真题试卷（第二套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships You can cite examples to illustrate your views You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s
B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones
C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn
D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn
2 A)Her unique personality B)Her physical condition
C)Her shift of interest to performing arts D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid
3 A) She was not an outgoing person B)She was modest and hardworking
C)She was easygoing on the whole D)She was usually not very optimistic
4 A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films
B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy
C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child
D)Her family benifited from other people’s help
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard
5 A) Give a presentation B)Rise some questions
C)Start a new company D)Ateed a board meeting
6 A) It will cut production costs B)It will raise productivities
C)No staff willl be dismissed D)No new staff will be hired
7A) The timeline of restructuring B) The reasons for restructuring
C) The communication channels D) The company’s new missions
8A) By consulting their own department managers
B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman
C) By exploring various channels of communication
D) By visiting the company’s own computer network
Section B
DirectionsIn this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals
B) It has animals to help passengers carry their language
C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers
D) It allows passengers to have animal travel with them
10A) Avoiding possible dangers B) Finding their way around
C) Identifying drug smugglers D) Looking after sick passengers
11
A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport
C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes D) Bring their animals on board their plane
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city
C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome
13 A) A number of different images B) A number of mythological heroes
C) Various musical instruments D) Paintings by famous French artists
14 A) The originality and expertise shown B) The worldly sophistication displayed
C)The stunning images vividly depicted D) The impressive skills and costly dyes
15 A) His artistic taste is superb B) His identity remains unclear
D) He was a collector of antiques D) He was a rich Italian merchant
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) They encourage international cooperation B) They lay stress on basic scientific research
C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies D) They favour scientists from its member countries
17 A) Many of them wish to win international recognition
B) They believe that more hands will make light work
C) They want to follow closely the international trend
D) Many of their projects have become complicated
18 A) It requires mathematicians to work independently
B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges
C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration
D) It calls for more research funding to catch up
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus B) Scientists discovered water on Venus
C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle
20A) It resembles Earth in many aspects B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed
C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth
21A) It might have been hotter than it is today B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life
C)It used to have more water than Earth D)It used to be covered with rainforests
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
22A) Causes of sleeplessness B)Crosscultural communication
C)Cultural psychology D)Motivation and positive feelings
23A) They attach great importance to sleep B)They often have trouble falling asleep
C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians
24A) By asking people to report their sleep habits B)By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs
C)By having people wear motiondetecting watches
D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes
25A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades
B)It has not yet explored the crosscultural aspect of sleep
C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive
D)It has attached attention all over the world
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors some developing cyclepowered craft others 26 money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包) However the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom
Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be
29 from the roadgoing chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicoptertype machine
But all these concepts are massively expensive require safety certification standards for road and air need 30 controls involve complex folding wings and propellers and have to be flown from airstrips So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses
A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen says Prof Gray a leading aeronautical engineer Sky taxis are much more likely But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes
Civilian aviation is being disrupted not by the ageold desires for speed romanticism and
33 but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy That may sound simple but as Prof Gray says When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it That’s completely at 35 with how I feel today Now that would be progress
A) autonomous I) pouring B) detached j) prototypes C) dual
K) random D) glamour L) repressing E) imminent M) segmented
F) odds N) spectrum G) opposites O) ultimate H) outrageous
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce Waste
A) As consumers we are very wasteful Annually the world generates 13 billion tons of solid waste This is expected to go up to 22 billion by 2025 The developed countries are responsible for 44 of waste and in the US alone the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month
B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods Yet more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment
C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from more and more consumers are looking into sustainability This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles At the same time surveys on consumers in the US and the UK show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste
D) For the most part consumers control what happens to a product But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option
E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing footwear and electronics industries have launched environmental programs They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products they’re promising quality and durability to consumers and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly
F) For example the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops Instead of discarding their old wornout jeans customers bring them in to be renewed The company even provides mailorder repair kits and online videos so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product When customers do want to toss their pair they can give them back to the store which will repurpose and resell them Another clothing company Patagonia a highend outdoor clothing store follows the same principle It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing such as waterproof outerwear at home The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee Currently Patagonia repairs about 40000 garments a year in their Reno Nevada service center According to the company
’s CEO Rose Marcario this is about building a company that cares about the environment At the same time offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products
G) In Brazil the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoerecycling program called Sustainable Footprint since 2012 Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash They are used to fuel cement ovens To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values
H) Enormous opportunities also lie with ewaste It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of ewaste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively The materials from ewaste include iron copper gold silver and aluminum materials that could be reused resold salvaged or recycled Together the value of these metals is estimated to be about 52 billion Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided ewaste takeback programs over the past few years which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products
I) For other companies interested in reducing waste helping the environment and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products
J) Find partners If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts to collect old tools at their stores for recycling The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain like in this example an engine firm with an accessory one
K) Create incentives Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make customers recycle old goods For instance DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools even if they no longer worked because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle By offering instant discounts worth as much as 100 DeWalt launched a tradein program to encourage people to bring back tools As a result DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products
L) Start with a trial program and expect to change the details as you go Any takeback program will likely change over time depending on what works for your customers and company goals Maybe you see low customer participation at first or conversely so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high Best Buy for instance has been bearing the lion’s share of ewaste volume since two of its largest competitors Amazon and Walmart do not have their own recycling programs Since the launch of its program Best Buy changed its policy to add a 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going
M) Build a culture of collective values with customers A stronger relationship between the retailerproducer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste and by developing a culture of responsibility repair and reuse you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities
N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购) less to be procured from the outside and more to be reutilized from the inside
O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already havebut they must also get customers engaged in the process
36 Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers
37 A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy
38 Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness
39 When companies launch environmental programs they will have their brand reputation enhanced
40 One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel
41 Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs
42 Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered
43 It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’ lifespan
44 It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling
45 Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Effective Friday Screen Actors GuildAmerican Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAGAFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb 17 2015 The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry like Electronic Arts Productions Insomniac Games Activision and Disney
The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014 overall the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns such as transparency upon hiring talent and onset (制作中) safety precautions
The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow In 2015 gaming produced 235 billion in domestic revenue
But SAGAFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work Instead they receive a fixed rate which is typically about 825 for a standard fourhour vocal session So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads or reaches 2 million subscribers with a cap at 8 million
It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue said voice actor Crispin Freeman who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (事职业) performer who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects
Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in when you’re hiredsays voice actor Keythe Farley who chairs the SAGAFTRA negotiating committee
And yet that happens every day in the video game worldFarley told reporters during a press conference Friday I was a main character in Fallout 4 a character by the name of Kellogg and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half
Scott Witlin the lawyer representing the video game companies says voice actors represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game So even though they’re the top craftsmen in their fieldWitlin says if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 999 percent of the work that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies
46 Why did SAGAFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers
A) The labor contract between them had been violated
B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected
C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks
D) The negotiations between them had broken down
47 What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry
A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years
B) It has become more open and transparent
C) It has attracted many famous voice actors
D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market
48 What are the voice actors demanding
A) More regular employment
B) A nondiscriminatory contract
C) Extra pay based on sales revenues
D) A limit on the maximum work hours
49 What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors
A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job
B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry
C) They are not paid on a regular basis
D) They are not employed fulltime
50 What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin
A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen
B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems
C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen not professional performers
D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space Space Policy Directive3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space
This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites and schedule when such new satellites can be launched This only applies to American space activities but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world
Space especially the space directly around our planet is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座) comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them With so much stuff in space and a limited area around our planet the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more outofcontrol bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space
And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24000 objects in space and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3995874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris
That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions from an unexpected failure or normal operations will create more space debris It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long but the oldest satellite still in orbitVanguard 1turned 60 in 2018
Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage But for now the US government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit
51 What is the purpose of the new US space policy
A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration
B) To encourage companies to join in space programs
C) To make the best use of satellites in space
D) To improve traffic conditions in space
52 What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy
A) Reduce debris in space
B) Monitor satellite operations
C) Regulate the launching of new satellites
D) Update satellite communications technology
53 What does the US government hope to do with the new space policy
A) Set international standards for the space flight industry
B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms
C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world
D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration
54 What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices
A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space
B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time
C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates
D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris
55 What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present
A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris
B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem
C) Limit the amount of debris entering space
D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中国幅员辽阔口众方说方言方言发音差词
汇语法差较方言特北方南方方言差异致说方言
常常难听懂彼讲话方言认文化组成部分年说方言
数断减少鼓励更说语言方政府已采取措施学校开设
方言课广播电视播放方言节目期保存文化遗产
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2019年6月六级真题试卷（第二套）
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay on the importance of mutual understanding and respect in interpersonal relationships You can cite examples to illustrate your views You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
PartⅡ Listening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear two long conversations At the end of each conversation you will hear four questions Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard
1 A) why Roman Holiday was more famous than Breakfast at Tiffany’s
B)why Audrey Hepburn had more female fans than male ones
C)Why the woman wanted to be like Audrey Hepburn
D)why so many girls adored Audrey Hepburn
2 A)Her unique personality B)Her physical condition
C)Her shift of interest to performing arts D)Her family’s suspension of financial aid
3 A) She was not an outgoing person B)She was modest and hardworking
C)She was easygoing on the whole D)She was usually not very optimistic
4 A)She was influenced by the roles she played in the films
B)Her parents taught her to symbolize with the needy
C)She learned to volunteer when she was a child
D)Her family benifited from other people’s help
Questions 5 to 8 are based on the recording you have just heard
5 A) Give a presentation B)Rise some questions
C)Start a new company D)Ateed a board meeting
6 A) It will cut production costs B)It will raise productivities
C)No staff willl be dismissed D)No new staff will be hired
7A) The timeline of restructuring B) The reasons for restructuring
C) The communication channels D) The company’s new missions
8A) By consulting their own department managers
B) By emailing questions to the man or the woman
C) By exploring various channels of communication
D) By visiting the company’s own computer network
Section B
DirectionsIn this section you will hear two passages At the end of each passage you will hear three or four questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A)B)C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard
9A) It helps passengers to take care of their pet animals
B) It has animals to help passengers carry their language
C) It uses therapy animals to soothe nervous passengers
D) It allows passengers to have animal travel with them
10A) Avoiding possible dangers B) Finding their way around
C) Identifying drug smugglers D) Looking after sick passengers
11
A) Schedule their flights around the animal visits B) Photograph the therapy animals at the airport
C) Keep some animals for therapeutic purposes D) Bring their animals on board their plane
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the passage you have just heard
12A) Beside a beautifully painted wall in Arles B) Beside the gate of an ancient Roman city
C) At the site of an ancient Roman mansion D) At the entrance to a reception hall in Rome
13 A) A number of different images B) A number of mythological heroes
C) Various musical instruments D) Paintings by famous French artists
14 A) The originality and expertise shown B) The worldly sophistication displayed
C)The stunning images vividly depicted D) The impressive skills and costly dyes
15 A) His artistic taste is superb B) His identity remains unclear
D) He was a collector of antiques D) He was a rich Italian merchant
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear three recordings of lectures or talks followed by three or four questions The recordings will be played only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the recording you have just heard
16 A) They encourage international cooperation B) They lay stress on basic scientific research
C) They place great emphasis on empirical studies D) They favour scientists from its member countries
17 A) Many of them wish to win international recognition
B) They believe that more hands will make light work
C) They want to follow closely the international trend
D) Many of their projects have become complicated
18 A) It requires mathematicians to work independently
B) It is faced with many unprecedented challenges
C) It lags behind other disciplines in collaboration
D) It calls for more research funding to catch up
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the recording you have just heard
19 A) Scientists tried to send a balloon to Venus B) Scientists discovered water on Venus
C) Scientists found Venus had atmosphere D) Scientists observed Venus from a space vehicle
20A) It resembles Earth in many aspects B)It is the same as fiction has portrayed
C)It is a paradise of romance for alien life D)It undergoes geological changes like Earth
21A) It might have been hotter than it is today B)It might have been a cozy habitat for life
C)It used to have more water than Earth D)It used to be covered with rainforests
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the recording you have just heard
22A) Causes of sleeplessness B)Crosscultural communication
C)Cultural psychology D)Motivation and positive feelings
23A) They attach great importance to sleep B)They often have trouble falling asleep
C)They pay more attention to sleep efficiency D)They generally sleep longer than East Asians
24A) By asking people to report their sleep habits B)By observing people’s sleep patterns in labs
C)By having people wear motiondetecting watches
D)By videotaping people’s daily sleeping processes
25A) It has made remarkable progress in the past few decades
B)It has not yet explored the crosscultural aspect of sleep
C)It has not yet produced anything conclusive
D)It has attached attention all over the world
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage
The dream of personalised flight is still vivid in the minds of many inventors some developing cyclepowered craft others 26 money into jetpacks (喷气飞行背包) However the flying car has always remained the 27 symbol of personal transport freedom
Several companies around the world have produced 28 that can drive on roads and fly Airbus has a futuristic modular (组件式) concept involving a passenger capsule that can be
29 from the roadgoing chassis (底盘) and picked up by a helicoptertype machine
But all these concepts are massively expensive require safety certification standards for road and air need 30 controls involve complex folding wings and propellers and have to be flown from airstrips So they are likely to remain rich people’s playthings rather than practical transport solutions for the masses
A car that takes off from some London street and lands in another 31 street is unlikely to happen says Prof Gray a leading aeronautical engineer Sky taxis are much more likely But that won’t stop inventors from dreaming up new ways to fly and trying to persuade investors to back their sometimes 32 schemes
Civilian aviation is being disrupted not by the ageold desires for speed romanticism and
33 but by the pressing need to respond to a changing climate New electric engines coupled with artificial intelligence and 34 systems will contribute to a more efficient integrated transport system that is less polluting and less noisy That may sound simple but as Prof Gray says When I travel somewhere I like this notion that when I finish my journey I feel better than when I started it That’s completely at 35 with how I feel today Now that would be progress
A) autonomous I) pouring B) detached j) prototypes C) dual
K) random D) glamour L) repressing E) imminent M) segmented
F) odds N) spectrum G) opposites O) ultimate H) outrageous
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
Companies Are Working with Consumers to Reduce Waste
A) As consumers we are very wasteful Annually the world generates 13 billion tons of solid waste This is expected to go up to 22 billion by 2025 The developed countries are responsible for 44 of waste and in the US alone the average person throws away their body weight in rubbish every month
B) Conventional wisdom would seem to suggest that companies have no incentive to lengthen the life cycle of their products and reduce the revenue they would get from selling new goods Yet more and more businesses are thinking about how to reduce consumer waste This is partly driven by the rising price of raw materials and metals It is also partly due to both consumers and companies becoming more aware of the need to protect our environment
C) When choosing what products to buy and which brands to buy from more and more consumers are looking into sustainability This is opposed to just price and performance they were concerned about in the past In a survey of 54 of the world’s leading brands almost all of them reported that consumers are showing increasing care about sustainable lifestyles At the same time surveys on consumers in the US and the UK show that they also care about minimizing energy use and reducing waste
D) For the most part consumers control what happens to a product But some companies are realizing that placing the burden of recycling entirely on the consumer is not an effective strategy especially when tossing something away seems like the easiest and most convenient option
E) Some retailers and manufacturers in the clothing footwear and electronics industries have launched environmental programs They want to make their customers interested in preserving their products and preventing things that still have value from going to the garbage dump By offering services to help expand the longevity of their products they’re promising quality and durability to consumers and receiving the reputational gains for being environmentally friendly
F) For example the Swedish jeans company Nudie Jeans offers free repair at twenty of their shops Instead of discarding their old wornout jeans customers bring them in to be renewed The company even provides mailorder repair kits and online videos so that customers can learn how to fix a pair of jeans at home Their philosophy is that extending the life of a pair of jeans is not only great for the environment but allows the consumer to get more value out of their product When customers do want to toss their pair they can give them back to the store which will repurpose and resell them Another clothing company Patagonia a highend outdoor clothing store follows the same principle It has partnered with DIY website iFixit to teach consumers how to repair their clothing such as waterproof outerwear at home The company also offers a repair program for their customers for a modest fee Currently Patagonia repairs about 40000 garments a year in their Reno Nevada service center According to the company
’s CEO Rose Marcario this is about building a company that cares about the environment At the same time offering repair supports the perceived quality of its products
G) In Brazil the multinational corporation Adidas has been running a shoerecycling program called Sustainable Footprint since 2012 Customers can bring shoes of any brand into an Adidas store to be shredded and turned into alternative fuels for energy creation instead of being burned as trash They are used to fuel cement ovens To motivate visitors to bring in more old shoes Adidas Brazil promotes the program in stores by showing videos to educate customers and it even offers a discount each time a customer brings in an old pair of shoes This boosts the reputation and image of Adidas by making people more aware of the company’s values
H) Enormous opportunities also lie with ewaste It is estimated that in 2014 the world produced some 42 million metric tons of ewaste (discarded electrical and electronic equipment and its parts) with North America and Europe accounting for 8 and 12 million metric tons respectively The materials from ewaste include iron copper gold silver and aluminum materials that could be reused resold salvaged or recycled Together the value of these metals is estimated to be about 52 billion Electronics giants like Best Buy and Samsung have provided ewaste takeback programs over the past few years which aim to refurbish (翻新) old electronic components and parts into new products
I) For other companies interested in reducing waste helping the environment and providing the sustainable lifestyles that consumers seek here are some first steps for building a relationship with customers that focuses on recycling and restoring value to products
J) Find partners If you are a manufacturer who relies on outside distributors then retailers are the ideal partner for collecting old products Power tool maker DeWalt partners with companies such as Lowes and Napa Auto Parts to collect old tools at their stores for recycling The partnership benefits both sides by allowing unconventional partners (for example two companies from two different industries) to work together on a specific aspect of the value chain like in this example an engine firm with an accessory one
K) Create incentives Environmental conscientiousness isn’t always enough to make customers recycle old goods For instance DeWalt discovered that many contractors were holding on to their old tools even if they no longer worked because they were expensive purchases and it was hard to justify bringing them in to recycle By offering instant discounts worth as much as 100 DeWalt launched a tradein program to encourage people to bring back tools As a result DeWalt now reuses those materials to create new products
L) Start with a trial program and expect to change the details as you go Any takeback program will likely change over time depending on what works for your customers and company goals Maybe you see low customer participation at first or conversely so much success that the cost of recycling becomes too high Best Buy for instance has been bearing the lion’s share of ewaste volume since two of its largest competitors Amazon and Walmart do not have their own recycling programs Since the launch of its program Best Buy changed its policy to add a 25 fee for recycling old televisions in order to keep the program going
M) Build a culture of collective values with customers A stronger relationship between the retailerproducer and the consumer isn’t just about financial incentives By creating more awareness around your efforts to reduce waste and by developing a culture of responsibility repair and reuse you can build customer loyalty based on shared values and responsibilities
N) These examples are just the tip of the iceberg but they demonstrate how helping customers get more use of their materials can transform value chains and operations Reducing waste by incorporating used materials into production can cut costs and decrease the price of procurement (采购) less to be procured from the outside and more to be reutilized from the inside
O) Companies play a big role in creating a circular economy in which value is generating less from extracting new resources and more from getting better use out of the resources we already havebut they must also get customers engaged in the process
36 Some companies believe that products’ prolonged lifespan benefits both the environment and customers
37 A survey shows shoppers today are getting more concerned about energy conservation and environmental protection when deciding what to buy
38 Companies can build customer loyalty by creating a positive culture of environmental awareness
39 When companies launch environmental programs they will have their brand reputation enhanced
40 One multinational company offers discounts to customers who bring in old footwear to be used as fuel
41 Recycling used products can help manufacturers reduce production costs
42 Electronic products contain valuable metals that could be recovered
43 It seems commonly believed that companies are not motivated to prolong their products’ lifespan
44 It is advisable for companies to partner with each other in product recycling
45 Some businesses have begun to realize it may not be effective to let consumers take full responsibility for recycling
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this sectionEach passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statementsFor each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C)and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage
Effective Friday Screen Actors GuildAmerican Federation of Television and Radio Artists (SAGAFTRA) has declared a strike against 11 video game publishers over games that went into production after Feb 17 2015 The companies include some of the heavyweights of the industry like Electronic Arts Productions Insomniac Games Activision and Disney
The strike comes in light of an unsuccessful 19 months of negotiations after the existing labor contract known as the Interactive Media Agreement expired in late 2014 overall the strike is an effort to provide more secondary compensation along with other concerns such as transparency upon hiring talent and onset (制作中) safety precautions
The video gaming industry has ballooned in recent years The Los Angeles Times reports that the industry is in the midst of an intense increase in cash flow In 2015 gaming produced 235 billion in domestic revenue
But SAGAFTRA says voice actors don’t receive residuals (追加酬金) for their gaming work Instead they receive a fixed rate which is typically about 825 for a standard fourhour vocal session So the voice actors are pushing for the idea of secondary compensation—a performance bonus every time a game sells 2 million copies or downloads or reaches 2 million subscribers with a cap at 8 million
It’s a very small number of games that would trigger this secondary compensation issue said voice actor Crispin Freeman who’s a member of the union’s negotiating committee This is an important aspect of what it means to be a freelance (事职业) performer who isn’t regularly employed every single day working on projects
Another major complaint from the actors is the secrecy of the industry I can’t imagine if there’s any other acting job in the world where you don’t know what show you’re in when you’re hiredsays voice actor Keythe Farley who chairs the SAGAFTRA negotiating committee
And yet that happens every day in the video game worldFarley told reporters during a press conference Friday I was a main character in Fallout 4 a character by the name of Kellogg and I never knew that I was doing vocal recording for that game throughout the year and a half
Scott Witlin the lawyer representing the video game companies says voice actors represent less than one tenth of 1 percent of the work that goes into making a video game So even though they’re the top craftsmen in their fieldWitlin says if we pay them under a vastly different system than the people who do the 999 percent of the work that’s going to create far more problems for the video game companies
46 Why did SAGAFTRA declare a strike against some video game publishers
A) The labor contract between them had been violated
B) Its appeal to renegotiate the contract had been rejected
C) It had been cheated repeatedly in the 19 months of talks
D) The negotiations between them had broken down
47 What do we learn from the passage about the video gaming industry
A) It has reaped huge profits in recent years
B) It has become more open and transparent
C) It has attracted many famous voice actors
D) It has invested a lot in its domestic market
48 What are the voice actors demanding
A) More regular employment
B) A nondiscriminatory contract
C) Extra pay based on sales revenues
D) A limit on the maximum work hours
49 What does Keythe Farley say about voice actors
A) They are kept in the dark about many details of their job
B) They are discriminated against in the gaming industry
C) They are not paid on a regular basis
D) They are not employed fulltime
50 What is the argument of lawyer Scott Witlin
A) Voice actors should have a pay raise if they prove to be top craftsmen
B) Changing the pay system would cause the industry more problems
C) Voice actors are mere craftsmen not professional performers
D) Paying voice actors on an hourly basis is in line with the law
Passage Two
Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage
Officials at the White House announced a new space policy focused on managing the increasing number of satellites that companies and governments are launching into space Space Policy Directive3 lays out general guidelines for the United States to mitigate (缓解) the effects of space debris and track and manage traffic in space
This policy sets the stage for the Department of Commerce to take over the management of traffic in space The department will make sure that newly launched satellites don’t use radio frequencies that would interfere with existing satellites and schedule when such new satellites can be launched This only applies to American space activities but the hope is that it will help standardize a set of norms in the dawning commercial spaceflight industry throughout the world
Space especially the space directly around our planet is getting more crowded as more governments and companies launch satellites One impetus for the policy is that companies are already starting to build massive constellations (星座) comprising hundreds or thousands of satellites with many moving parts among them With so much stuff in space and a limited area around our planet the government wants to reduce the chances of a collision Two or more satellites slamming into each other could create many more outofcontrol bits that would pose even more hazards to the growing collection of satellites in space
And it’s not like this hasn’t happened before In 2009 an old Russian craft slammed into a communications satellite creating a cloud of hundreds of pieces of debris and putting other hardware at risk Journalist Sarah Scoles reports that NASA currently tracks about 24000 objects in space and in 2016 the Air Force had to issue 3995874 warnings to satellite owners alerting them to a potential nearby threat from another satellite or bit of debris
That’s why this new policy also includes directions to update the current US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices which already require any entity that launches a satellite or spacecraft to vigorously analyze the likelihood that any of their actions from an unexpected failure or normal operations will create more space debris It includes accounting for any piece of debris they plan to release over 5mm that might stay in orbit for 25 years or more It might seem surprising to think about an item staying in space for that long but the oldest satellite still in orbitVanguard 1turned 60 in 2018
Agencies and companies throughout the world are working on developing technology that would dispose of or capture space debris before it causes serious damage But for now the US government is more focused on preventing new debris from forming than taking the trash out of orbit
51 What is the purpose of the new US space policy
A) To lay out general guidelines for space exploration
B) To encourage companies to join in space programs
C) To make the best use of satellites in space
D) To improve traffic conditions in space
52 What is the Department of Commerce expected to do under the new policy
A) Reduce debris in space
B) Monitor satellite operations
C) Regulate the launching of new satellites
D) Update satellite communications technology
53 What does the US government hope to do with the new space policy
A) Set international standards for the space flight industry
B) Monopolize space industry by developing a set of norms
C) Facilitate commercial space flights throughout the world
D) Promote international collaboration in space exploration
54 What is a space vehicle launching entity required to do according to the current US Government Orbital Debris Mitigation Standard Practices
A) Give an estimate of how long its debris will stay in space
B) Account for the debris it has released into space at any time
C) Provide a detailed plan for managing the space debris it creates
D) Make a thorough analysis of any possible addition to space debris
55 What are space agencies and companies aiming to do at present
A) Recycle used space vehicles before they turn into debris
B) Develop technology to address the space debris problem
C) Limit the amount of debris entering space
D) Cooperate closely to retrieve space debris
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into EnglishYou should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中国幅员辽阔口众方说方言方言发音差词
汇语法差较方言特北方南方方言差异致说方言
常常难听懂彼讲话方言认文化组成部分年说方言
数断减少鼓励更说语言方政府已采取措施学校开设
方言课广播电视播放方言节目期保存文化遗产
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