2013年 6月学英语四级考试真题 （标准卷）
Total score 710 Total time allowed 125 minutes
特注： 2013年 6月学四级考试采题卷形式试卷含两套写作题考生选
Part I Writing (题卷写作题 1) (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words
Part I Writing (题卷写作题 2) (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 17 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) For questions 810 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage
Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind
The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious For starters they’re heavy with the average physics textbook weighing 36 pounds They’re also expensive especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester
But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom essentially rendering older texts unusable For students it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can’t sell back
Which is why digital textbooks if they live up to their promise could help ease many of these shortcomings But till now they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance more like a hazy（模糊）dream than an actual reality Imagine the promise Carrying all your textbooks in a 13 pound iPad It sounds almost too good to be true
But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（渡）over to digital books Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard And one medical program at the University of California Irvine gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year
But not all were eager to jump aboard
People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading says Kalpit Shah who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil
The reason it hasn’t caught on yet he tells me is that the functionality of eedition textbooks is incredibly limited and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior
But a new application called Inkling might change all that The company just released an updated version last week and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year
Digital textbooks are not going to catch on says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book There’s Course Smart etc these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product
He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up with a heavy emphasis on realworld functionality The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton
At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应软件 ) which you can get for free here he opens up a few different types of textbooks
Up first is a chemistry book The boot time is pretty fast and he navigates through (浏览 ) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks Publishers give us all of the source media artwork videos he says We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform
Next he pulls up a music composition textbook complete with playable demos It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love
But the most exciting part about Inkling to me is its notation（批注）system Here’s how it works
When you purchase a used print book it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you)
But with lnkling you can highlight a piece of content and make notes Here’s where things get interesting though If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends but anyone who purchased the book across the country The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers
As a bonus professors can even chime in (插话 ) on discussions They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book
Of course Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well Textbook versions are constanly updated motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGrawHill are already onboard) Furthermore students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing with individual chapters costing as little as 299
There are however challenges
It takes efforts to build each book Maclnnis tells me And it’s clear why
Each interactive textbook is a mediaheavy experience built from the ground up and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one
For now the app is also iPadexclusive and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that
But this much is clear The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years
However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction And at least for now that hazy mirage in the distance A little more tangible (触摸 ) a little less of a dream
1 The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____ A) A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out
B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester
C) they are too heavy to carry around
D) they take a longer time to revise
2 What does the author say about digital textbooks
A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks
B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books
C) Very few of them are available in the market
D) Many people still have difficulty using them
3 According to Kalpit Shah some students still use paper and pencil because _____
A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad
B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior
C) they have get tired of reading on the iPad
D) they are not used to reading on the screen
4 Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____
A) they have to be revised repeatedly
B) they are inconvenient to use in class
C) they are different from most mainstream products
D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen
5 Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____
A) a good example of the mainstream products
B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas
C) a platform for building multimedia content
D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks
6 The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____ A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers
B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends
C) vote for the best learners democratically
D) store information on the cloud
7 One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____
A) students can switch to different discussions at any point
B) students can download relevant critical comments
C) professors can join in students’ online discussions
D) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework
8 One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takes a great deal of _____
9 One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware
10 According to the author whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
11 A) Children should be taught to be more careful
B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice
C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss
D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way
12 A) Fitness training B) The new job offer
C) Computer programming D) Directorship of the club
13 A) He needs to buy a new sweater B) He has got to save on fuel bills
C) The fuel price has skyrocketed D) The heating system doesn’t work
14 A) Committing theft B) Taking pictures
C) Window shopping D) Posing for the camera
15 A) She is taking some medicine B) She has not seen a doctor yet
C) She does not trust the man’s advice D) She has almost recovered from the cough
16 A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled
B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry
C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers
D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided
17 A) In the leftluggage office B) At the hotel reception
C) In a hotel room D) At an airport
18 A) She was an excellent student at college B) She works in the entertainment business
C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech D) She is good at conveying her message
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard
19 A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr Romero
B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show
C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday
D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning
20 A) Her travel to Japan
B) The awards ceremony
C) The proper hairstyle for her new role
D) When to start the makeup session
21 A) He is Mr Romero’s agent
B) He is an entertainment journalist
C) He is the woman’s assistant
D) He is a famous movie star
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard
22 A) Make an appointment for an interview
B) Send in an application letter
C) Fill in an application form
D) Make a brief selfintroduction on the phone
23 A) Someone having a college degree in advertising
B) Someone experienced in business management
C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities
D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours
24 A) Travel opportunities
B) Handsome pay
C) Prospects for promotion
D) Flexible working hours
25 A) It depends on the working hours
B) It’s about 500 pound a week
C) It will be set by the Human Resources
D) It is to be negotiated
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard
26 A) To give customers a wider range of choices
B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible
C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can
D) To give space for more profitable products
27 A) On the top shelves
B) On the bottom shelves
C) On easily accessible shelves
D) On clearly marked shelves
28 A) Many of them buy things on impulse
B) A few of them are fathers with babies
C) A majority of them are young couples
D) Over 60 of them make shopping lists
29 A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods
B) Sales assistants following customers around
C) Customers competing for good bargains
D) Customers losing all sense of time
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard
30 A) Teaching mathematics at a school
B) Doing research in an institute
C) Studying for a college degree
D) Working in a hightech company
31 A) He studied the designs of various choices
B) He did experiments to different materials
C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face
D) He asked different people for their opinions
32 A) Its automatic mechanism
B) Its manufacturing pattern
C) Its way of waking people up
D) Its funnylooking pig face
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33 A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances
B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention
C) It usually appears all of a sudden
D) It usually lasts for several years
34 A) They can’t mix well with others
B) They emotionally receive their friends
C) They depend severely on family members
D) They share similar interests with friends
35 A) They lack consistent support from peers
B) They doubt their own popularity
C) They were born psychologically weak
D) They focus too much attention on themselves
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear a passage three times When the passage is read for the first time you should listen carefully for its general idea When the passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally when the passage is read for the third time you should check what you have written
There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet It could remain there for years and often (37) ________ never reach the outside world
Things have done a complete aboutface since then (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer Today any data that is
(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank It can then be easily passed to other computer banks They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations lending (42) ________ direct mailing and telemarketing firms credit bureaus credit card companies and government (43) ________ at the local state and federal level
A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient easier to operate and less costly to purchase and maintain In 1970 a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________ Seven years later 47 percent expressed the same worry (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage
Walking if you do it vigorously enough is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity It requires no equipment everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury The human body is designed to walk You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood To get 48 benefit from walking aim for 45 minutes a day an average of five days a week
Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass both of which shrink with age In general you will want to do strength training two or three days a week 51 recovery days between sessions
Finally flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints many of them are 53 and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ) Some of this you do whenever you stretch If you watch dogs and cats you’ll get an idea of how natural it is The general 55 is simple whenever the body has been in one position for a while it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position
A) allowing F) helping K) prevent
B) avoidable G) increasingly L) principle
C) briefly H) lowest M) provoke
D) component I) maintain N) seriously
E) determined J) maximum O) topic
Section B
Directions There are 2 passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage
Junk food is everywhere We’re eating way too much of it Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway
So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed
Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods note the two researchers
In contrast the researchers continue many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems
The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods Among them
Density restrictions licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink
Similarly the researchers say being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it So why not limit the density of food outlets particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores
Display and sales restrictions California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivethrough facilities At supermarkets food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines The other measures include restricting portion sizes taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods and placing warning labels on the products
57 What does the author say about junk food
A) People should be educated not to eat too much
B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation
C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist
D) It causes more harm than is generally realized
58 What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity
A) They should be implemented effectively
B) They provide misleading information
C) They are based on wrong assumptions
D) They help people make rational choices
59 Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions
from time to time 时偶尔A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations
B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems
D) Easy access leads to customers’ overconsumption
60 What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations
A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets
B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas
D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight
61 What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control
A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food
B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures
D) Resorting to economic legal and psychological means
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage
Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad though not unexpected turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution
Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to complacency(满) that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself Decades ago Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business
It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future said Rebecca Henderson a professor at Harvard Business School but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it By the time the company realized its mistake it was too late
Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt and spent a lot of money trying to do so but ultimately failed Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses
Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography its corporate（企业） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future They were a company stuck in time Their history was so important to them Now their history has become a liability
Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic In 1976 the company commanded 90 of the market for photographic film and 85 of the market for cameras But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation The bid went instead to Fuji which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace
62 What do we learn about Kodak
A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden
B) It is approaching its downfall
C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry
D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market
63 Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera
A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself
B) To show its effort to overcome complacency
C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution
D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo
64 Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets
A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets
B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges
C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology
D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past
65 What does the author say Kodak’s history has become
A) A burden
B) A mirror
C) A joke
D) A challenge
66 What was Kodak’s fatal mistake
A) Its blind faith in traditional photography
B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence
C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics
D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions There are 20 blanks in the following passage For each blank there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Whether you think you need daytime rest or not picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart healthy move The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation better mood and alertness and a sharper working 68 A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep a midday nap was the best way to cope 69 the midafternoon sleepiness
According to the Harvard Health Letter several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it And most 71 a 2007 study of nearly 24000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap
Of course napping isn’t 74 for everyone If you’re suffering from inability to sleep naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night
But for most naps can make you feel sharper and happier Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are A 20minute nap will boost alertness and concentration a 90minute snooze（睡）can 77 creativity
According to preventioncom you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 pm and 3 pm A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and for most people shouldn’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night
Pick a dark cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly preventioncom 82 snapping on the couch instead of in bed so you’re less 83 to snooze for too long
Surprisingly the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grownups too
67 A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support
68 A) feeling B) frame C) sense D) mind
69 A) with B) aside C) about D) upon
70 A) remark B) consider C) remember D) concern
71 A) reportedly B) incredibly C) constantly D) frankly
72 A) regularly B) enormously C) heavily D) strongly
73 A) off B) under C) against D) from
74 A) exact B) correct C) right D) precise
75 A) influence B) eliminate C) compete D) interfere
76 A) focusing B) depending C) relying D) basing
77 A) enlarge B) engage C) enhance D) enlighten
78 A) explore B) experience C) exercise D) execute
79 A) between B) amidst C) among D) besides
80 A) of B) beyond C) during D) for
81 A) produce B) dispose C) affect D) hasten
82 A) illustrates B) decides C) predicts D) recommends
83 A) inclined B) involved C) adopted D) attracted
84 A) pronounced B) published C) discovered D) cultivated
85 A) mood B) model C) motion D) motive
86 A) wonders B) passions C) mystery D) pleasure
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2
87 Although only in her teens my sister is looking forward to _________________（独海外学 )
88 It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures _______________（投入时间金钱 )
89 The old couple hoped that their son ________________（辜负期 )
90 So badly _________________(车祸中受伤 )that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year
91 Nowadays some people still have trouble ________________（网获取信息 )
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Total score 710 Total time allowed 125 minutes
特注： 2013年 6月学四级考试采题卷形式试卷含两套写作题考生选
Part I Writing (题卷写作题 1) (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of doing small things before undertaking something big You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words
Part I Writing (题卷写作题 2) (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay You should start your essay with a brief description of the picture and then express your views on the importance of reading literature You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words
Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)
Directions In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1 For questions 17 choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) For questions 810 complete the sentences with the information given in the passage
Can Digital Textbook Truly Replace the Print Kind
The shortcomings of traditional print edition textbooks are obvious For starters they’re heavy with the average physics textbook weighing 36 pounds They’re also expensive especially when you factor in the average college student’s limited budget typically costing hundreds of dollars every semester
But the worst part is that print version of textbooks are constantly undergoing revisions Many professors require that their students use only the latest versions in the classroom essentially rendering older texts unusable For students it means they’re basically stuck with a four pound paperweight that they can’t sell back
Which is why digital textbooks if they live up to their promise could help ease many of these shortcomings But till now they’ve been something like a mirage（幻影）in the distance more like a hazy（模糊）dream than an actual reality Imagine the promise Carrying all your textbooks in a 13 pound iPad It sounds almost too good to be true
But there are a few pilot schools already making the transition（渡）over to digital books Universities like Cornell and Brown have jumped onboard And one medical program at the University of California Irvine gave their entire class iPads with which to download textbooks just last year
But not all were eager to jump aboard
People were tired of using the iPad textbook besides using it for reading says Kalpit Shah who will be going into his second year at Irvine’s medical program this fall They weren’t using it as a source of communication because they couldn’t read or write in it So a third of the people in my program were using the iPad in class to take notes the other third were using laptops and the last third were using paper and pencil
The reason it hasn’t caught on yet he tells me is that the functionality of eedition textbooks is incredibly limited and some students just aren’t motivated to learn new study behavior
But a new application called Inkling might change all that The company just released an updated version last week and it’ll be utilized in over 50 undergraduate and graduate classrooms this coming school year
Digital textbooks are not going to catch on says Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis as he’s giving me a demo（演示）over coffee What I mean by that is the current perspective of the digital textbook is it’s an exact copy of the print book There’s Course Smart etc these guys who take any image of the page and put it on a screen If that’s how we’re defining digital textbooks there’s no hope of that becoming a mainstream product
He calls Inkling a platform for publishers to build rich multimedia content from the ground up with a heavy emphasis on realworld functionality The traditional textbook merely serves as a skeleton
At first glance Inkling is an impressive experience After swiping（敲击）into the iPad app (应软件 ) which you can get for free here he opens up a few different types of textbooks
Up first is a chemistry book The boot time is pretty fast and he navigates through (浏览 ) a few chapters before swiping into a fully rendered 3D molecule that can be spun around to view its various building blocks Publishers give us all of the source media artwork videos he says We help them think through how to actually build something for this platform
Next he pulls up a music composition textbook complete with playable demos It’s a learning experience that attacks you from multiple sensory directions It’s clear why this would be something a music major would love
But the most exciting part about Inkling to me is its notation（批注）system Here’s how it works
When you purchase a used print book it comes with its previous owner’s highlights and notes in the margins It uses the experience of someone who already went through the class to help improve your reading (how much you trust each notation is obviously up to you)
But with lnkling you can highlight a piece of content and make notes Here’s where things get interesting though If a particularly important passage is highlighted by multiple lnkling users that information is stored on the cloud and is available for anyone reading the same textbook to come across That means users have access to notes from not only their classmates and Facebook friends but anyone who purchased the book across the country The best comments are then sorted democratically by a voting system meaning that your social learning experience is shared with the best and brightest thinkers
As a bonus professors can even chime in (插话 ) on discussions They’ll be able to answer the questions of students who are in their class directly via the interactive book
Of course Inkling addresses several of the other shortcomings in traditional print as well Textbook versions are constanly updated motivating publishers by minimizing production costs (the big ones like McGrawHill are already onboard) Furthermore students will be able to purchase sections of the text instead of buying the whole thing with individual chapters costing as little as 299
There are however challenges
It takes efforts to build each book Maclnnis tells me And it’s clear why
Each interactive textbook is a mediaheavy experience built from the ground up and you can tell that it takes a respectable amount of manpower to put together each one
For now the app is also iPadexclusive and though a few of these educational institutions are giving the hardware away for free for other students who don’t have such a luxury it’s an added layer of cost — and an expensive one at that
But this much is clear The traditional textbook model is and has been broken for quite some time Whether digitally interactive ones like Inkling actually take off or not remains to be seen and we probably won’t have a definite answer for the next few years
However the solution to any problem begins with a step in a direction And at least for now that hazy mirage in the distance A little more tangible (触摸 ) a little less of a dream
1 The biggest problem with traditional print textbooks is that _____ A) A) they are not reused once a new edition comes out
B) they cost hundreds of dollars every semester
C) they are too heavy to carry around
D) they take a longer time to revise
2 What does the author say about digital textbooks
A) It’s not likely they will replace traditional textbooks
B) They haven’t fixed all the shortcomings of print books
C) Very few of them are available in the market
D) Many people still have difficulty using them
3 According to Kalpit Shah some students still use paper and pencil because _____
A) they find it troublesome to take notes with an iPad
B) they are unwilling to change their study behavior
C) they have get tired of reading on the iPad
D) they are not used to reading on the screen
4 Inkling CEO Matt Maclnnis explains that the problem with Course Smart’s current digital textbooks is that _____
A) they have to be revised repeatedly
B) they are inconvenient to use in class
C) they are different from most mainstream products
D) they are no more than print versions put on a screen
5 Matt Maclnnis describes the updated version of lnkling as _____
A) a good example of the mainstream products
B) a marvelous product of many creative ideas
C) a platform for building multimedia content
D) a mere skeleton of traditional textbooks
6 The author is most excited about lnkling’s notation system because one can _____ A) share his learning experience with the best and brightest thinkers
B) participate in discussions with classmates and Facebook friends
C) vote for the best learners democratically
D) store information on the cloud
7 One additional advantage of the interactive digital textbook is that _____
A) students can switch to different discussions at any point
B) students can download relevant critical comments
C) professors can join in students’ online discussions
D) professors can give prompt feedback to students’ homework
8 One of the challenges to build an interactive digital textbook from the ground up is that is takes a great deal of _____
9 One problem for students to replace traditional textbooks with interactive digital ones is the high ______ of the hardware
10 According to the author whether digital textbooks will catch on still _____
Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
11 A) Children should be taught to be more careful
B) Children shouldn’t drink so much orange juice
C) There is no need for the man to make such a fuss
D) Timmy should learn to do things in the right way
12 A) Fitness training B) The new job offer
C) Computer programming D) Directorship of the club
13 A) He needs to buy a new sweater B) He has got to save on fuel bills
C) The fuel price has skyrocketed D) The heating system doesn’t work
14 A) Committing theft B) Taking pictures
C) Window shopping D) Posing for the camera
15 A) She is taking some medicine B) She has not seen a doctor yet
C) She does not trust the man’s advice D) She has almost recovered from the cough
16 A) Pamela’s report is not finished as scheduled
B) Pamela has a habit of doing things in a hurry
C) Pamela is not good at writing research papers
D) Pamela’s mistakes could have been avoided
17 A) In the leftluggage office B) At the hotel reception
C) In a hotel room D) At an airport
18 A) She was an excellent student at college B) She works in the entertainment business
C) She is fond of telling stories in her speech D) She is good at conveying her message
Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard
19 A) Arranging the woman’s appointment with Mr Romero
B) Fixing the time for the designer’s latest fashion show
C) Talking about an important gathering on Tuesday
D) Preparing for the filming on Monday morning
20 A) Her travel to Japan
B) The awards ceremony
C) The proper hairstyle for her new role
D) When to start the makeup session
21 A) He is Mr Romero’s agent
B) He is an entertainment journalist
C) He is the woman’s assistant
D) He is a famous movie star
Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard
22 A) Make an appointment for an interview
B) Send in an application letter
C) Fill in an application form
D) Make a brief selfintroduction on the phone
23 A) Someone having a college degree in advertising
B) Someone experienced in business management
C) Someone ready to take on more responsibilities
D) Someone willing to work beyond regular hours
24 A) Travel opportunities
B) Handsome pay
C) Prospects for promotion
D) Flexible working hours
25 A) It depends on the working hours
B) It’s about 500 pound a week
C) It will be set by the Human Resources
D) It is to be negotiated
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard
26 A) To give customers a wider range of choices
B) To make shoppers see as many items as possible
C) To supply as many varieties of goods as it can
D) To give space for more profitable products
27 A) On the top shelves
B) On the bottom shelves
C) On easily accessible shelves
D) On clearly marked shelves
28 A) Many of them buy things on impulse
B) A few of them are fathers with babies
C) A majority of them are young couples
D) Over 60 of them make shopping lists
29 A) Sales assistants promoting high margin goods
B) Sales assistants following customers around
C) Customers competing for good bargains
D) Customers losing all sense of time
Passage Two
Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard
30 A) Teaching mathematics at a school
B) Doing research in an institute
C) Studying for a college degree
D) Working in a hightech company
31 A) He studied the designs of various choices
B) He did experiments to different materials
C) He bought an alarm clock with a pig face
D) He asked different people for their opinions
32 A) Its automatic mechanism
B) Its manufacturing pattern
C) Its way of waking people up
D) Its funnylooking pig face
Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard
33 A) It’s often caused by a change of circumstances
B) It usually doesn’t require any special attention
C) It usually appears all of a sudden
D) It usually lasts for several years
34 A) They can’t mix well with others
B) They emotionally receive their friends
C) They depend severely on family members
D) They share similar interests with friends
35 A) They lack consistent support from peers
B) They doubt their own popularity
C) They were born psychologically weak
D) They focus too much attention on themselves
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear a passage three times When the passage is read for the first time you should listen carefully for its general idea When the passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information For these blanks you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words Finally when the passage is read for the third time you should check what you have written
There was a time when any personal information that was gathered about us was typed on a piece of paper and (36) ________ away in a file cabinet It could remain there for years and often (37) ________ never reach the outside world
Things have done a complete aboutface since then (38) ________ for the change has been the astonishingly (39) ________ development in recent years of the computer Today any data that is
(40) ________ about us in one place or another — and for one reason or another — can be stored in a computer bank It can then be easily passed to other computer banks They are owned by (41) ________ and by private businesses and corporations lending (42) ________ direct mailing and telemarketing firms credit bureaus credit card companies and government (43) ________ at the local state and federal level
A growing number of Americans are seeing the accumulation and distribution of computerized date as a frightening invasion of their privacy (44) ___________ _________________________________________________________ as the computer becomes increasingly efficient easier to operate and less costly to purchase and maintain In 1970 a national survey showed that (45) ___________________________________________________ _________________ Seven years later 47 percent expressed the same worry (46) ____________ ________________________________________________________
Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage
Walking if you do it vigorously enough is the overall best exercise for regular physical activity It requires no equipment everyone knows how to do it and it carries the 47 risk of injury The human body is designed to walk You can walk in parks or along a river or in your neighborhood To get 48 benefit from walking aim for 45 minutes a day an average of five days a week
Strength training is another important 49 of physical activity Its purpose is to build and 50 bone and muscle mass both of which shrink with age In general you will want to do strength training two or three days a week 51 recovery days between sessions
Finally flexibility and balance training are 52 important as the body ages Aches and pains are high on the list of complaints in old age The result of constant muscle tension and stiffness of joints many of them are 53 and simple flexibility training can 54 these by making muscles stronger and keeping joints lubricated (润滑 ) Some of this you do whenever you stretch If you watch dogs and cats you’ll get an idea of how natural it is The general 55 is simple whenever the body has been in one position for a while it is good to 56 stretch it in an opposite position
A) allowing F) helping K) prevent
B) avoidable G) increasingly L) principle
C) briefly H) lowest M) provoke
D) component I) maintain N) seriously
E) determined J) maximum O) topic
Section B
Directions There are 2 passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage
Junk food is everywhere We’re eating way too much of it Most of us know what we’re doing and yet we do it anyway
So here’s a suggestion offered by two researchers at the Rand Corporation Why not take a lesson from alcohol control policies and apply them to where food is sold and how it’s displayed
Many policy measures to control obesity（肥胖症）assume that people consciously and rationally choose what and how much they eat and therefore focus on providing information and more access to healthier foods note the two researchers
In contrast the researchers continue many regulations that don’t assume people make rational choices have been successfully applied to control alcohol a substance — like food — of which immoderate consumption leads to serious health problems
The research references studies of people’s behavior with food and alcohol and results of alcohol restrictions and then lists five regulations that the researchers think might be promising if applied to junk foods Among them
Density restrictions licenses to sell alcohol aren’t handed out unplanned to all comers but are allotted（分配）based on the number of places in an area that already sell alcohol These make alcohol less easy to get and reduce the number of psychological cues to drink
Similarly the researchers say being presented with junk food stimulates our desire to eat it So why not limit the density of food outlets particularly ones that sell food rich in empty calories And why not limit sale of food in places that aren’t primarily food stores
Display and sales restrictions California has a rule prohibiting alcohol displays near the cash registers in gas stations and in most places you can’t buy alcohol at drivethrough facilities At supermarkets food companies pay to have their wares in places where they’re easily seen One could remove junk food to the back of the store and ban them from the shelves at checkout lines The other measures include restricting portion sizes taxing and prohibiting special price deals for junk foods and placing warning labels on the products
57 What does the author say about junk food
A) People should be educated not to eat too much
B) It is widely consumed despite its ill reputation
C) Its temptation is too strong for people to resist
D) It causes more harm than is generally realized
58 What do the Rand researchers think of many of the policy measures to control obesity
A) They should be implemented effectively
B) They provide misleading information
C) They are based on wrong assumptions
D) They help people make rational choices
59 Why do policymakers of alcohol control place density restrictions
from time to time 时偶尔A) Few people are able to resist alcohol’s temptations
B) There are already too many stores selling alcohol
C) Drinking strong alcohol can cause social problems
D) Easy access leads to customers’ overconsumption
60 What is the purpose of California’s rule about alcohol display in gas stations
A) To effectively limit the density of alcohol outlets
B) To help drivers to give up the habit of drinking
C) To prevent possible traffic jams in nearby areas
D) To get alcohol out of drivers’ immediate sight
61 What is the general guideline the Rand researchers suggest about junk food control
A) Guiding people to make rational choices about food
B) Enhancing people’s awareness of their own health
C) Borrowing ideas from alcohol control measures
D) Resorting to economic legal and psychological means
Passage Two
Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage
Kodak’s decision to file for bankruptcy（破产）protection is a sad though not unexpected turning point for a leading American corporation that pioneered consumer photography and dominated the film market for decades but ultimately failed to adapt to the digital revolution
Although many attribute Kodak’s downfall to complacency(满) that explanation doesn’t acknowledge the lengths to which the company went to reinvent itself Decades ago Kodak anticipated that digital photography would overtake film — and in fact Kodak invented the first digital camera in 1975 — but in a fateful decision the company chose to shelf its new discovery to focus on its traditional film business
It wasn’t that Kodak was blind to the future said Rebecca Henderson a professor at Harvard Business School but rather that it failed to execute on a strategy to confront it By the time the company realized its mistake it was too late
Kodak is an example of a firm that was very much aware that they had to adapt and spent a lot of money trying to do so but ultimately failed Large companies have a difficult time switching into new markets because there is a temptation to put existing assets into the new businesses
Although Kodak anticipated the inevitable rise of digital photography its corporate（企业） culture was too rooted in the successes of the past for it to make the clean break necessary to fully embrace the future They were a company stuck in time Their history was so important to them Now their history has become a liability
Kodak’s downfall over the last several decades was dramatic In 1976 the company commanded 90 of the market for photographic film and 85 of the market for cameras But the 1980s brought new competition from Japanese film company Fuji Photo which undermined Kodak by offering lower prices for film and photo supplies Kodak’s decision not to pursue the role of official film for the 1984 Los Angeles Olympics was a major miscalculation The bid went instead to Fuji which exploited its sponsorship to win a permanent foothold in the marketplace
62 What do we learn about Kodak
A) It went bankrupt all of a sudden
B) It is approaching its downfall
C) It initiated the digital revolution in the film industry
D) It is playing a dominant role in the film market
63 Why does the author mention Kodak’s invention of the first digital camera
A) To show its early attempt to reinvent itself
B) To show its effort to overcome complacency
C) To show its quick adaptation to the digital revolution
D) To show its will to compete with Japan’s Fuji photo
64 Why do large companies have difficulty switching to new markets
A) They find it costly to give up their existing assets
B) They tend to be slow in confronting new challenges
C) They are unwilling to invest in new technology
D) They are deeply stuck in their glorious past
65 What does the author say Kodak’s history has become
A) A burden
B) A mirror
C) A joke
D) A challenge
66 What was Kodak’s fatal mistake
A) Its blind faith in traditional photography
B) Its failure to see Fuji photo’s emergence
C) Its refusal to sponsor the 1984 Olympics
D) Its overconfidence in its corporate culture
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)
Directions There are 20 blanks in the following passage For each blank there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Whether you think you need daytime rest or not picking up a nap（午睡）habit is a smart healthy move The Mayo Clinic says naps 67 relaxation better mood and alertness and a sharper working 68 A 2008 British study found that compared to getting more nighttime sleep a midday nap was the best way to cope 69 the midafternoon sleepiness
According to the Harvard Health Letter several studies have shown that people 70 new information better when they take a nap shortly after learning it And most 71 a 2007 study of nearly 24000 Greek adults in the Archives of Internal Medicine found that people who napped 72 had a 37 percent reduced risk of dying 73 heart disease compared to people who didn’t nap
Of course napping isn’t 74 for everyone If you’re suffering from inability to sleep naps that are too long or taken too late in the day can 75 with your ability to fall or stay asleep at night
But for most naps can make you feel sharper and happier Naps provide different benefits 76 on how long they are A 20minute nap will boost alertness and concentration a 90minute snooze（睡）can 77 creativity
According to preventioncom you 78 a natural dip in body temperature 79 1 pm and 3 pm A short nap at this time can boost alertness 80 several hours and for most people shouldn’t 81 being able to fall asleep at night
Pick a dark cozy place that’s not too warm or too chilly preventioncom 82 snapping on the couch instead of in bed so you’re less 83 to snooze for too long
Surprisingly the best place to take a nap may be a hammock（吊床）if you have one A Swiss study 84 last year found that people fell asleep faster and had deeper sleep when they napped in a hammock than in a bed That same rocking 85 that puts babies to sleep works 86 for grownups too
67 A) enforce B) promote C) operate D) support
68 A) feeling B) frame C) sense D) mind
69 A) with B) aside C) about D) upon
70 A) remark B) consider C) remember D) concern
71 A) reportedly B) incredibly C) constantly D) frankly
72 A) regularly B) enormously C) heavily D) strongly
73 A) off B) under C) against D) from
74 A) exact B) correct C) right D) precise
75 A) influence B) eliminate C) compete D) interfere
76 A) focusing B) depending C) relying D) basing
77 A) enlarge B) engage C) enhance D) enlighten
78 A) explore B) experience C) exercise D) execute
79 A) between B) amidst C) among D) besides
80 A) of B) beyond C) during D) for
81 A) produce B) dispose C) affect D) hasten
82 A) illustrates B) decides C) predicts D) recommends
83 A) inclined B) involved C) adopted D) attracted
84 A) pronounced B) published C) discovered D) cultivated
85 A) mood B) model C) motion D) motive
86 A) wonders B) passions C) mystery D) pleasure
Part VI Translation (5 minutes)
Directions Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets Please write you translation on Answer Sheet 2
87 Although only in her teens my sister is looking forward to _________________（独海外学 )
88 It’s true that we are not always going to succeed in our ventures _______________（投入时间金钱 )
89 The old couple hoped that their son ________________（辜负期 )
90 So badly _________________(车祸中受伤 )that he had to stay in the hospital for a whole year
91 Nowadays some people still have trouble ________________（网获取信息 )
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