升初英语全实复资料
学英语词汇汇总
13A
1Animals （动物） dog 狗 cat 猫 monkey 猴子tiger 老虎 panda 熊猫zebra 斑马bird 鸟elephant 象
2Fruit （水果） apple 苹果 orange 橘子banana 香蕉 pear梨peach 桃子mango 芒果 pineapple 菠萝watermelon 西瓜
3Clothing items （衣物类） coat 外套衣 jacket 茄克衫短衣 sweater 毛衣（厚）运动服blouse （女式）衬衫 dress 连衣裙晚礼服 skirt 短裙 shirt 衬衫 Tshirt T恤衫
4Food and drinks （食物饮料） cake 蛋糕 hamburger 汉堡 egg 蛋鸡蛋 icecream 冰淇淋 coffee 咖啡 tea 茶茶叶 milk 牛奶 juice 果汁
5Colours （颜色） red 红色红色 green 绿色 white 白色 black 黑色 yellow 黄色 blue 蓝色orange桔黄色 brown棕色褐色
6Things for school （学校品）book 书 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔 ball pen 圆珠笔 pencil box 文具盒 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀 rubber 橡皮 ruler 尺
7Vehicles（交通工具）car 汽车 bike 行车 bus 公汽车 plane 飞机
8Places （场）zoo 动物园 park 公园 cinema 电影院 supermarket 超市 the Great Wall 长城
9People（物）man 男 woman 妇女 boy 男孩 girl 女孩
10Things in a room（房物品） bed 床 table 桌子 chair 椅子 fridge 冰箱 bookcase 书橱 desk 书桌 sofa 沙发 telephone 电话 light 电灯 TV 电视机door 门 window 窗子 Walkman 身听 box 盒子 basket 篮子 tap水龙头
23B
1 Family members（家庭成员） father父亲 mother 母亲 grandfather祖父 grandmother 祖母 aunt姨妈舅母 uncle 伯父舅父 brotherson 兄弟子 sisterdaughter 姐妹女
2 Clothing items （衣物） cap 便帽 hat 帽子 tie 领带 vest 背心 belt 皮带 trousers （复数）长裤shoe 鞋 sock 袜子
3Things for school （学校品） storybook 事书 copybook 抄写 knife 刀tape 修正带胶带 crayon 蜡笔 school bag 书包 stapler 订书机
4Things in a room （室物品）clock 闹钟 computer 电脑 radio 收音机 camera 相机 watch 手表 toy train 玩具火车 key 钥匙
5Musical instrument（乐器）piano 钢琴 violin 提琴 guitar 吉accordion 手风琴
6Sports （体育运动） football 足球basketball 篮球volleyball 排球 baseball 棒球swimming 游泳skating 滑冰climbing 爬山skiing 滑雪fishing 钓鱼jogging 慢跑running 跑 rowing 划船
7Food and drinks（饮食）hot dog 热狗sandwich 三明治pie 馅饼bread 面包rice 米饭soft drinks清凉饮料chocolate 巧克力milk 牛奶
8Rooms （房间）sittingroom 起居室diningroom 餐厅bedroom 卧室bathroom 舆洗室study 书房kitchen 厨房
34A
a pen支钢笔 a dog条狗 a key钥匙 a ball pen支圆珠笔 a tiger支老虎 a purse钱包 a pencil支铅笔 a fan扇子 a storybook事书 a book书 a cat猫 a tape修正带 a car 辆汽车 a bike 辆行车 a kite 风筝 a bus辆公汽车 a ruler尺 a rubber块橡皮 a pencil case铅笔袋 a tiger老虎 a panda熊猫 a desk张课桌 a shop家商店a pair of shoes 双鞋子 a sweater 件毛衣a jacket 件茄克衫 big small long 长 short 短 one two 二 three 三 four 四 five 五 six 六 seven七 eight八 nine 九 ten 十 eat 吃 drink 喝 write 写 read 读 close 关闭 open 开 tired 疲劳累 ill 病 cold 冷 hungry 饥饿 thirsty渴
44B
a student 学生 a teacher 老师 a doctor 医生a nurse 护士 a boy 男孩 a girl 女孩 a man 男a woman 女 new 新 grandfather (外)祖父 grandmother (外)祖母 father 父亲 mother 母亲 brother 兄弟 sister 姐妹 an eye 眼睛 a mouth张嘴 white白色 a skirt条短裙 a friend朋友 a policeman警察 a policewoman女警察 a waiter男服务员 a waitress女服务员 a driver司机a worker工 an engineer位工程师 a farmer 农民a postman邮递员 a cook厨师 apples苹果 an apple苹果 oranges桔子 an orange桔子bananas香蕉 a banana香蕉 peaches桃子 a peach桃子grapes葡萄a grape 粒葡萄watermelons西瓜a watermelon西瓜pears梨 a pear梨 somea station车站a hospital家医院a supermarket家超级市场by train坐火车 by plane坐飞机 by taxi坐出租汽车 on foot步行please请chip油炸土豆条 noodle面条 sweet糖果chocolate巧克力 tea茶 coffee咖啡 juice汁液a pie 馅饼a chair张椅子 a blackboard块黑板 a computer台计算机a picture张图画 a bookcase书架(橱) an office办公室a playground片操场 a classroom教室 oura knife刀a plate盘子a glass玻璃杯a cup杯子a bottle瓶子 a table张桌子 a fridge冰箱 an egg蛋(数名词) bread面包 rice米米饭
55A
day()天白天 all全部a reading room间阅览室 sure握 floor(楼房)层面板 a garden花园 a house 间房子 a flower朵花 live居住生活 a study书房 a bedroom间卧室 large beside……旁边 a wall面墙 between……中间(两者)间 a bed张床 under……面 behind……面 a door扇门 a lesson 课a song首歌 sing唱唱歌 dance跳舞 play演奏 learn学学会 listen听 swim游泳 make 做制造ride骑(马行车) put放摆 can a family家庭 things东西物品 a vase花瓶 a horse马 a chicken鸡 a duck鸭子 a pig猪 evenings晚 need需 work工作劳动 a candle 支蜡烛morning早晨午 ring（铃钟等）响 sweep扫扫 Maths数学sleep睡觉 run 跑奔跑 walk步行散步 jump 跳跃 say说 chess棋laugh笑笑 a newspaper张报纸 class课（学校里）班 perhapsa tent帐篷 a pot锅a towel条毛巾 a hill 座山children孩子童 fat胖 thin瘦show出示……over结束a square 正方形 a star星形星形物 us（宾格） fly飞放（风筝飞机模型等） art艺术美术 teach教教书 the moon月亮 paper纸 a heart心心形物 a shape形状 a circle圆圈 the sun太阳 help…with帮助… wash clothes洗衣服
65B
Monday 星期 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 a week星期（周）Chinese 汉语中文中国 Science 科学然科学Computer Studies 计算机课程 English 英语英国英国a subject 门学科（科目）interesting 趣a headache 头疼 a cough 咳嗽a fever 发烧a cold 伤风 lunch 午餐 speak 说讲(义词：say) bad 坏严重(反义词：good) get 变购买feel 感觉觉 now 现 a stamp 张邮票 a coin 硬币 a ship 艘船an animal 动物 a classmate 位班学 collect收集beautiful 美丽漂亮 hobbies(复数) 业余爱 collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币go shopping 购物 take photos 拍 make clothes做衣服an email 封电子邮件 write an email写封电子邮件a town 城镇 busy 忙(碌)age 年龄 usually 通常 well fast 快快high 高高 run fast 跑快 jump high 跳高time时间次 left左 right右 stop停止touch触摸接触an arm手臂 a hand手 a leg条腿 a foot脚a face张脸 a game游戏次赛half半半night夜夜间 on duty值日 past a quarter刻钟四分 quick快() ready准备 really真正确实 talk谈话讲话 spend度 weekend周末 very非常learn…from……学sport体育运 often常常常of course然catch抓住捉住 an ant蚂蚁 a bee蜜蜂 a butterfly蝴蝶 a visitor位参观者位访者UK英国联合王国 visit参观访问British英国 the Great Wall长城 USA美国 American美国Japan日Japanese日日语 France法国 French法国法语
76A
stop停止 mean意思意指 should应应该 must必须应 shouldn’tshould not应 litter乱丢杂物 park停放（汽车）danger危险 March三月 April四月 May 五月 June六月 July七月 when什时候时 ago 前 as作做 ago 前 moment瞬间片刻 a date日期 a birthday生日 a present 份礼物 excited激动兴奋 exciting令激动令兴奋 a race次竞赛 plant种植 milk挤牛奶 a cow 头母牛 taste品尝 pull up…拔 a festival节日 a gate扇门answer回答答复 ask问请求people last刚 in front of …前面 take photos拍 look for寻找 just now刚 (a moment ago) pull up…拔 have a good time愉快 Children’s Day童节 National Day国庆节 Spring Festival春节New Year’s Day元旦
86B
than young年轻old年老heavy 重light 轻tall高strong 强壮low低 fish鱼钓鱼 slow慢late晚 stop停车站along着street街街道post office邮局weather天气spring春季summer夏季hot热autumn秋季cold冷winter冬季plan计划算 picnic野餐 play(戏剧)演出
be good at善长 turn left左转 turn right右转 post office邮局 get on 车 get off车 take part in参加…参… write a letter写（封）信 penfriend 笔友also glue胶水
二学英语短语汇总
a new student 新学生
a new teacher新老师
I’m new here 新
Welcome to our school 欢迎学校
excuse me 扰
the boy in the tree 树男孩
let me see
come down
climb trees 爬树
in the zoo 动物园里
come here
the man over there 边男
good evening 晚
at a party聚会
my brother 弟弟哥哥
the boy with big eyes眼睛男孩
nice to meet you 见高兴
the one in the white skirt 穿着白色短裙
which one
the man with a big mouth嘴巴男
the one in red穿红衣服
the girl with a small nose 鼻子女孩
the woman with long hair长头发妇女
be late for school学迟
the boy with big ears 耳朵男孩
the one in the green shirt 穿着绿色衬衫男
in the car 汽车里
my good friend朋友
her small eye眼睛
a big nose鼻子
You’re right
an old woman 老太太
buy fruit 买水果
some grapes 葡萄
how many kilos 少公斤
three kilos三公斤
I’d like 想
Here you are
these apples苹果
those oranges桔子
these or those
Can I help you效劳 (营业员语)
by taxi坐出租车
on foot 步行
go by taxi 坐出租车
go to the theatre剧院
go there
go to the Great Wall长城
go to the supermarket超市
this train for Shanghai海火车
the plane for Beijing 北京航班
good idea 意
play football 踢足球
in the school 学校
be free 空
go to school by bike 骑行车学校
at a snack bar家吃店(快餐店)里
how about 样
some noodles 面条
Something to drink喝东西
something to eat吃东西
orangeapple juice 桔汁苹果汁
Anything else 东西
a cup of coffee tea 杯咖啡茶
a glass of milk juice杯牛奶果汁
some chocolate 巧克力
some sweets糖果
some water 水
play basketball 篮球
some cakes 蛋糕
get up 起床
have some juice 喝点果汁
What would you like 什
open day 接日
our classroom教室
watch TV电视
big and bright明亮
in your classroom 教室里
in class课
near the window窗
some songbooks歌
on the piano钢琴
lots of books许书
in the library图书馆里
in the playground 操场
On the chair椅子
on the table桌
open the blue box 开蓝色盒子
in the cupboard 碗柜里
on the table桌
in the fridge冰箱里
on the sofa 沙发
use chopsticks 筷子
I’d like to try 想试试
a pair of chopsticks 双筷子
Let me try again 试试
in my classroom 教室里
Good idea意
the first day of the new term 新学期第天
all the students 学生
at school 学校
see each other 互相见面
a new building 座新楼
a lot of 许
I’m not sure 确定
go and see
have a look
how many 少
near your house 房子附
on the plate 盘子里
her parents 父母
near her school 学校附
very much 非常
some dolls 洋娃娃
on the wall 墙
a map of the world 幅世界图
a map of China 幅中国图
behind the door 门
in the basketball 篮子里
under the bed 床
on my chair 椅子
in the cat’s mouth猫嘴里
look happy 起快乐
at a Music lesson 节音乐课
two o’clock in the afternoon 午两点钟
in the music room 音乐室里
have a music lesson 节音乐课
sing a song 唱首歌唱歌
follow me着
sing together起唱
make a puppet做木偶
make a model plane做飞机模型做模型飞机
play the violin拉提琴
play the guitar弹吉
play the piano弹钢琴
put a book on your head 头放书
have an ice cream 吃冰淇淋
after class 课
play basketball 篮球
a Halloween party 万圣节聚会
What do they need 需什？
like masks 喜欢面具
a pumpkin lantern 南瓜灯
What else do you need 需什？
Here’s your change 零钱
some sweets 糖果
on Saturdays and Sundays 周六周日
like swimming 喜欢游泳
play table tennis with friends 朋友乒乓
watch TV 电视
listen to music 听音乐
read the book 读书
open the door开门
write the new words写新单词
read the book读书
draw a picture画幅画
drink the water喝水
this red vase红色花瓶
in the picture图片里
eat the noodles吃面条
put the flowers in the vase花放花瓶里
play computer games电脑游戏
do housework 做家务
Sunday morning 星期天午
at home 家
Are you free now 现空？
sweep the floor 扫擦板
clean the windows 擦窗户
do homework 做家庭作业
help me with my Maths 帮助学数学
this afternoon 天午
wash clothes 洗衣服
make a cake 做蛋糕
see you this afternoon 天午见
come and help me 帮
sit on the chair 坐椅子
how about 样
after school 放学
three o’clock in the afternoon 午三点钟
look for 寻找
help you 帮助
in the playground 操场
play basketball 篮球
go and join them 加入
go to the playground操场
study in the library 图书馆学
clean the library 扫图书馆
read a newspaper 报纸
read a magazine 杂志
play chess 棋
play cards 扑克
play with a yoyo 玩溜溜球
sit on a football 坐足球
eat the food 吃食物
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
clean the study 扫书房
on the kite 风筝
all busy 忙
a camping trip 次日野营旅行
their teachers 学生
near the hill 山附
a camping site 野营营
a big tent 帐篷
a tin of chicken 罐头鸡肉
a tin of fish 罐头鱼肉
over there 边
two new blankets 两条新毛毯
a box of chocolate 盒巧克力
some fruit 水果
in the fridge 冰箱里
an Art lesson 节美术课
look at the blackboard 着黑板
fly a kite 放风筝
draw a circle 画圆
show us how to draw it 画
on the paper 纸
make a card 做张卡片
many circles 许圆形
节体育课 a PE lesson
操场 in the playground
节体育课 have a PE lesson
指令 follow the orders
发出指令 give the orders
站成排 stand in a line
做锻炼 do some exercise
up and down
跳 jump up and down
仔细听 listen carefully
十次 ten times
左转turn left
右转turn right
做十次do this ten times
…放… put …on
…放…里面 put…in
仰躺 lie on one’s back
抬起 lift up
……触摸 touch…with
右手 right hand
天 every day
忙碌天 a busy day
晚 at night
值日 on duty
快点 be quick
场足球赛 a football game
电视 watch TV
吃晚饭 have supper
扫图书馆 clean the library
做作业 do one’s homework
加入 join us
开始课 classes begin
洗衣服 wash clothes
周末 at the weekends
周末spend one’s weekends
谈 talk about
星期五午 on Friday afternoon
放学 after school
网 surf the Internet
学英语 learn English from me
听音乐 listen to music
家at home
荡秋千 play on the swings
做家务 do housework
然 of course sure
卡通watch cartoons
抓昆虫 catch insects
抓蝴蝶 catch butterflies
朋友our good friends
学 a Primary School
树 in the treeon the tree
瓶子里in bottles
英语俱乐部the English Club
国家different countries
居住纽约 live in New York
说英语 speak English
教英语 teach English
城市 a big city
读书 read books
参观中国 visit China
日参观者Japanese visitors
英国朋友an English friend
发邮件 write an email
写信write a letter
乒乓play table tennis
居住live in
镇 a small town
相年龄 the same age
学校 at school
周周五 from Monday to Friday
声说 speak loudly
跑快 run fast
跳高 jump high
走路心walk carefully
安静坐sit quietly
跳舞跳美dance beautifully
拍 take photos
购物 go shopping
收集邮票 collect stamps
收集中国邮票collect Chinese stamps
种花 grow flowers
做衣服make clothes
洗衣服wash clothes
Ben爱 Ben’s hobby
爱 some hobbies
许漂亮邮票many beautiful stamps
出示……show…to…
动物邮票 animal stamps
花园里 in the garden
做饭 cook food
浇花 water the flowers
相爱 the same hobby
次电话通话a telephone call
午饭 after lunch
呆床stay in bed
严重咳嗽a bad cough
吃药take some medicine
医生go to see a doctor
张开嘴open your mouth
休息have a good rest
错电话 wrong number
新学期 a new term
星期午Monday morning
星期午on Monday morning
学生 her students
第节课the first lesson
欢迎回学校 welcome back to school
什科目what subjects
八门课eight subjects
八节课eight lessons
周in a week
立刻马at once
家his family
感觉病feel ill
日from Japan
No smoking 禁止吸烟
No littering禁止扔杂物
No parking禁止停车
No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝
keep off the grass接草坪
Be quiet保持安静
Do not touch摸
climb trees爬树
go to the park公园
go home回家
have an ice cream吃冰激凌
have dinner吃饭
watch TV电视
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
go to bed睡觉
a lot of \ a lot量许
public signs公标志
on the wall墙
stay away from…远离……
walk on the grass草走
he bird’s cage鸟笼
make noise发出噪音
take a walk散步
a tenyuan note 张十元钞票
look around四周
pick up捡起
a new student in Ben’s class 班位新学生
go home together起回家
after school放学
talk about谈关……
the third of March三月三日
your birthday生日
blow out吹灭
as a birthday present作生日礼物
birthday cake生日蛋糕
come to my birthday party 参加生日聚会
have a birthday party举办生日聚会
a VCD of Japanese cartoons 张日卡通光盘
open the door 开门
make a birthday card 做张生日贺卡
take off脱
Sports Day运动日
all the students学生
very exciting非常令兴奋
look for寻找
a running race场赛跑
let me see
a moment ago just now刚
on the ground
pick them up for me 帮捡起
in front of ……前面
a pair of glasses副眼镜(单数)
a roll of film卷胶卷(单数)
three diaries三日记
a pair of earphones副耳机(单数)
listen to music 听音乐
yesterday evening 昨天晚
under the table桌子面
close your eyes 闭眼睛
play a game 玩游戏
National Day（国庆日）
the National Day holiday（国庆假期）
last week last year星期年
after the holiday（假期）
go to school early（早学） early – late
in the school playground（学校操场）
before class（课前） before – after
a funny cartoon （部趣卡通片）
visit a farm with my family （家起参观农场）
on the farm（农场里）
water trees（浇树）
pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜）
milk cows（挤牛奶）
collect eggs（收集鸡蛋）
fruit trees（果树）
pick a lot of oranges摘许橘子
taste them（品尝）
go to the farm（农场）
at the weekends（周末）
watch cartoons（动画片）
visit the zoo（参观动物园）
play volleyball排球
clean the house（扫房子）
visit Liu Tao’s grandparents拜访刘涛祖父母
camping trip（野营旅行）
at a camp（营）
cook a lot of food（做许食物）
play a lot of games（玩许游戏）
go camping（野营）
have a good time（玩高兴）
come after ……
New Year's Day 元旦
on New Year's Day 元旦
at Christmas 圣诞节
go to parties 参加聚会
have a big lunch 吃顿丰盛午餐
at Spring Festival 春节
What do people usually do at Spring Festival 通常春节干什？
visit their relatives and friends 拜访亲戚朋友
eat lots of delicious food吃许美味食物
last Spring Festival 春节
of course 然
my favourite holiday 喜爱节日
in October 十月
dress up in costumes 戏服装扮
last Halloween 年万圣节
eat moon cakes 吃月饼
play with lanterns 玩灯笼
watch the moon赏月
on different holidays 节日
last year 年
at Easter 复活节
listen to him 听讲
in the grass 草丛中
a popular holiday 流行节日
in China 中国
in January or February 月二月
eat rice dumplings 吃粽子
like to play with lanterns喜欢玩灯笼
eat chocolate eggs 吃巧克力蛋
make pumpkin lanterns制作南瓜灯笼
give presents to your friends 礼物朋友
go to Beijing 北京
this afternoon 天午
play with balloons 玩气球
sing and dance唱歌跳舞
meet Helen in the playground 操场遇见海伦
visit a farm with my parents 父母亲起参观农场
play with friends 朋友玩
watch the dragon boat races 观龙舟赛
on Christmas Day 圣诞日 Jim's family 吉姆家
in his grandparent's house爷爷奶奶房子里
Christmas trees 圣诞树
the presents under the Christmas tree 圣诞树礼物
so many
from grandmother 祖母
open it for me 开
like drinking tea 喜欢喝茶
Christmas presents 圣诞礼物
at Jim's house 吉姆家
draw and write in the diary 日记画写
go to the supermarket 超市
sit at the back of the bus 坐公汽车面
get off 车
the seat in front of me 前面座位
the woman beside him 旁边妇女
walk to the driver 走驾驶员
after lunch 午餐
You are welcome 谢
write his diary 写日记
under the seat 座位面
open the presents 开礼物
6B词组纳
散步 go for a walk
高兴见… be glad to see
聊天 have a chat
双胞胎姐妹 twin sisters
起 look the same
10年 ten years older than
20分钟 twenty minutes younger than
唯孩子 the only child
试试 try again
擅长英语 be good at English
擅长唱歌 be good at singing
…做 do well in
体育需帮助 need help with PE
拉？ What’s wrong What’s the matter
位篮球运动员 a good basketball player
事实 That’s true
男孩中 some of the boys
班里 in my class
担心 Don’t worry
做更锻炼 do more exercise
变更强壮 get stronger
起早 get up early
慢跑学校 jog to school
玩球类运动 play ball games
开始课 start our lesson
读新单词 read the new words
all of us
学迟 be late for school
be from come from
历史博物馆路 the way to the History Museum
认识路 know the way
样达 how to get there
告诉 tell me
着街走 walk along the street
第四十字路口左拐 turn left at the fourth crossing
右边 on you right
远 how far
错 miss it
五公里远 five kilometres away
段长距离 a long walk
五分钟 every five minutes
六天 every six days
邮局 go to the post office
中山路 on Zhongshan Road
街 in the street
5路车 take bus No5
电影院前 in front of the cinema
第二车站车 get off at the second stop
达购物中心 get to the shopping centre
关动物书 a book about animals
跑出商店 run out of the shop
帮助 come to help
着街跑run along the street
开始跑 start to run
回钱包 get my purse back
跳高 high jump
跳远 long jump
星期 next week
（）年 for one year
知道天气 know the weather
纽约天气 the weather in New York
夏天 in summer
季节 the best season
乡 in the countryside
听起错 Sounds great
数时间 most of the time
季节 which season
喜欢春天 like spring best
堆雪 make snowmen make a snowman
冬天需温暖衣服 need warm clothes for winter
树木变绿 the tree turn green
课课 have school
周末计划 their plans for the weekend
京剧 see a Beijing opera
加入 join us
花园剧院 the Garden Theatre
便问问 by the way
明天午 tomorrow afternoon
音乐会 at the concert
Jim起 come with Jim
远足 go on an outing
野餐 have a picnic
演出 see a play
参加歌唱赛 take part in a singing contest
运动会 sports meeting
位学生 a primary school student
金陵学 at Jinling Primary School
第二中学 No 2 Middle School
节室外活动课 have a class outing
班级课题 for class project
什动物 what animal
回家 come home
昨天午 yesterday afternoon
读关昆虫… read about insects
报纸 in the news paper
想位笔友 want a penfriendwould like a penfriend
书写纸some writing paper
干什？ What for
写封信 write a letter
写信奶奶 write to my grandma
成朋友 be good friends
爱 have the same hobby
希 I hope so
告诉…关… tell…about…
喜欢科目 favourite subject
电子邮件址 email address
瓶胶水 a bottle of glue
科目 some other subjects
学毕业 finish primary school
中学 go to middle school
关件事 everything about you
祝 With best wishesBest wishes
五 five of us
澳利亚 be from Australia come from Australia
睡觉…晚 go to bed later than
better than all of us
…样高 as tall as
…样跑快 run as fast as
…飞低 fly lower than
1短语纳
a a little(点) a lot（非常） a lot of（许） lots of(许) a bottle of(盒……) a piece of(张片……) a cup of (杯……) a glass of(玻璃杯……) all right（行错） most of(部分……) plenty of(量)
be be good for(……说) be bad for(……说) be going to(做……) be good at(……方面出色) be late for(……迟) between…and …(……两者间) both…and… (两着……)
come come from(……) Come in(进) Come on 呀快呀) Come with me() different from(……) of course(然)
Do do one’s homework(做家庭作业) do housework(做家务) do some reading(读书) on duty9(值日) do morning exercises(做早操)
get get down() get up(起床) get on with(……方面进展) get home(家) get to school(校)
go go boating(划船) go swimming(游泳) go running(跑步) go walking(散步) go shopping(购物) go skating(滑冰) go skiing(滑雪) go fishing(钓鱼) go sightseeing(游览观光) go climbing(爬山) go home(回家) go to school(学) go to work(班) go straightdownonalong(直走) go along(着……直走)
have have breakfast(吃早餐) have lunch(吃午饭) have supper(吃晚饭) have dinner(吃正餐) have a class(课) have a look() have got() have a good appetite(胃口食欲强) have a picnic(野餐)
how how many(少) how much{少(数名词)} how old(岁) how often(久次)
look look at(……) look like(起象) very much(非常) in English(英语)
put put into(……放……) put on(穿……) put …away…(……放收起)
take take (good) care of(爱护关心顾保) take photos(相) take a bath(洗澡) take exercise(进行锻炼进行练)
2动词短语
fly a kite(放风筝) ride a bike(骑行车) play a game(做游戏) throw …away(……扔掉) turn on(开……) stand up(站起) sing a song(唱歌) ask a question(问问题) run away(流走跑走) look forward to(盼) try to(尝试做……) be angry with(……生气) divided by(……) come to(合计) collect coins(收集硬币) climb up to the mountainhill…(爬山) by the way(便问问)
time短语in the morning(早) in the afternoon(午) in the evening(晚) Good morning afternooneveningnight(早午晚晚安) for hours(持续……时) for an hour(持续时) At this time of day（天时候）five minutes past nine(九点零五分) quarter past nine(九点十五分) quarter to nine(差十五分九点) all day（整天） on SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday(星期天星期星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六) Midautumn Festival(中秋节) Spring Festival(春节) National Day(国庆节) Children’s Day(童节) New Year(新年) Women’s Day(妇女节) May Day(劳动节) Teachers’ Day(教师节) Party’s Birthday(生日)
3noun短语
family tree(家族谱) favourite food drinkscoloursubject (喜爱食物) paint brush(画笔) an office worker(办公室文员) class teacher(班) an old…(件老旧……) years old(…岁) the high jump(跳高) the long jump(跳远) a map of Chinathe UK…(张中国英国……图) email address(电子邮箱址) telephone number(电话号码)
交通手段on foot(走路) by buscarshipplaneundergroundbike(公汽车轿车轮船飞机铁行车)
4介词短语
at the beginning of(……开始) at the end of(…结尾结束) at the weekend(周末) on the weekdays(工作日) in front of (…前面) in the front of(……物品前面) in the middle of (……中间) next to(……旁边) at the gate of(……门) on the floor(板) on the …( ) floor(第层楼) on the ground floor(楼) at home(家) at school(学校) over there(里边) in the sun(阳光) from…to…(…………) turn rightleft(右左转) on the left(左边) on the right(右边) to the eastwestnorthsouth of(……东西北南方) from the leftright(左右) kilometersmetres away(离……千米米远) in Class One(班) in Grade Six(六年级)
5句子
Please say hello to…for me(宾格)名{请代()……问} Here it is() Here they are() Here you are() Nice to meet you(高兴见) Nothing much(没什) Not at all(没关系) Shall we…{(建议)……} I’ll take it(买) It’s time to …(做……时候) It’s time for…(……时候) Excuse me(起扰) See you(见) welcome to …(欢迎……) You’re welcome(客气) What about…(……呢) How do you do{ (初次见面答句相) How do you like…(觉……样) It doesn’t matter(没关系) That’s a pity(真糟糕) Never mind(紧) And you （呢）Happy birthday(生日快乐)
方建筑post office(邮局) police station(警察局) train station(火车站) sports stadium(型露天运动场) department store(百货商场) kinds of (种类) the Children’s Home(少年家) primary school(学) middle school(中学)
三词法类练汇总
1写出完全形式
1who's who is 2she's she is 3he's he is 4what's what is
5 where’s where is 6we're we are 7you're you are 8that's that is
9 I'm I am 10 isn't is not 11aren't are not 12they're they are
13don't do not 14let's let us 15 can’t can not 16 it's it is
17 I’ve I have 18 I’d I would 19 hasn’t has not
2写出列单词复数形式
1bus buses 2box boxes 3glass glasses 4class classes
5watch watches 6mango mangoes 7firefly fireflies 8sheep sheep
9people people 10man men 11woman women 12apple apples
13family families 14library libraries 15baby babies 16boy boys
17toy toys 18child children 19foot feet 20strawberry strawberries
21horse horse 22policeman policemen 23dress dresses 24 fish fish
25tooth teeth 26country countries 27 foot feet 28dragonfly dragonflies
29me us 30building buildings 31 cloth clothes 32 this these
33 that those 34circle circles 35story stories
3反义词应词
1same different 2new old 3old young 4short long
5big small 6tall short 7yes no 8open close
9hot cold 10here there 11sit stand 12up down
13thin fat 14father mother 15right wrong 16black white
17this that 18these those 19boy girl 20 grandfather grandmother
21man woman 22husband wife 23aunt uncle 24brother sister
25 he she 26 left right 27 go come 28 nurse doctor
29 good bad 30 minus plus 31 his her 32 busy free
33 hand foot 34 legs arms
4义词
1 desk table 2 like love 3 often usually 4 start begin
5 great good
5音词
1 to too two 2 right write 3 no know 4 for four
5 hear here 6 I eye 7 see (C) sea 8 son sun
9 be (B) bee 10 there their 11 U you 12 Y why
13 by buy bye 14 pair pear 15 R are 16 whose who’s
17 aunt aren’t
6现分词
1 swim ( 现分词 ) swimming 2 come( 现分词 ) coming
3 dance (ing形式) dancing 4 ski (ing形式) skiing
5 sit (ing形式) sitting 6 fly (ing形式) flying
7 stay (ing形式) staying 8 travel (ing形式) travelling
9 cry (ing形式) crying 10 play (ing形式) playing
11 listen (ing形式) listening 12 collect (ing形式) collecting
13 make (ing形式) making 14 take (ing形式) taking
15 write (ing形式) writing 16 read(ing形式) reading
17 clean (ing形式) cleaning 18 sing (ing形式) singing
19 sweep (ing形式) sweeping 20 run (ing形式) running
7综合
1 study (第三称单数) studies 2 students(名词格)students’
3 sister(名词格)sister’s 4 two(序数词) second
5 have(第三称单数) has 6 cat (名词格) cat’s
7 Tom(名词格) Tom’s 8teacher(动词) teach
9 cry(第三称单数) cries 10Nancy(名词格) Nancy’s
11 can(否定式) can’t 12 good(较级)better
13catch(第三称单数) catches 14 wash (第三称单数)washes
15 quickly(形容词) quick 16 visit(名词) visitor
17 China(形容词) Chinese 18 French(名词) France
19 quiet(副词) quietly 20 one(序数词) first
21 cook(第三称单数) cooks 22 do(第三称单数) does
23 beautifully(形容词) beautiful 24 many (较级) more
25 Australian(名词) Australia 26 brush(第三称单数) brushes
27 work(名词)worker
8称代词
1 I (宾格) me 2you(宾格) you 3 he (宾格) him 4 she（宾格） her
5 I(复数) we 6 you (复数) you 7 hesheit (复数) they
8 we(宾格) us 9 you(宾格) you 10 they (宾格) them
11 I (形容词性物代词) my 12 you(形容词性物代词) your
13 he (形容词性物代词) his 14 she (形容词性物代词) her 15 they (形容词性物代词) their 16I(名词性物代词) mine
17 you (名词性物代词) yours 18 he (名词性物代词) his
19 she (名词性物代词) hers 20 we(名词性物代词) ours
21 you(名词性物代词) yours 22 they(名词性物代词) theirs
四话题语法汇总
话题
1字母
（）辨认书写序 Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
元音字母：A a Ee Ii Oo Uu
半元音字母 Yy
书写容易错误字母：E F G M N d i p q x y
2数字
基数词序数词运计算购物等
基数词 One two three five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen… twenty twentyone… thirty forty fifty… eighty ninety onea hundred onea hundred and one… two hundred
序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth… twentieth twentyfirst twentysecond twentythird twentyfour…thirtieth fortieth fiftieth… eightieth ninetieth…
相关句型
1) What’s thirty and forty That comes to seventy
2) What’s your telephone number My telephone number is 83555723
3) What time is it It’s half past ten
4) When do you usually get up At six thirtyfive
5) Where do you live I live at No48 Renmin Road
6) How old are you I’m twelve
7) How much does it cost It costs 50 yuan
8) How many cars have you got I have got 6 cars
9) How many birds can you see in the tree I can see 3
10) How many dolls are there on the bed There is onea doll
11) How many dolls are there on the bed There are four dolls
12) Which floor do you live on I live on the fifth floor
13) Excuse me can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel
Yes go down this street then turn left at the third crossing…
14) Who’s the fifth girl from the right She’s my cousin
注意： 数词应 数名词量表示方法manymuch法
区there isarehavehas法区
3颜色
实物颜色
colours red pink（粉红） yellow brown grey（灰色）blue purple（紫色） orange
black white dark blue（深蓝） light blue（浅蓝）
相关句型
1) What colour is your coat It’s
2) What’s your favourite colour My favourite colour is …
4时间
年季节月星期日时刻
year season( spring summer autumn winter)
month January February March April May June July August September
October November December
Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Day 1st May (the first of May) May 2nd ( May the second)
Time (an) hour minute second
1005 (five minutes past ten ten o five)
1010 (ten minutes past ten ten ten)
1015 (quarter past ten ten fifteen)
1030 (half past ten ten thirty)
1045 (quarter to eleven ten fortyfive)
1100 (eleven o’clock)
相关句型
1) How old is your mother She’s thirtysix years old
2) How many months are there in a year There are 12
3) When’s your birthday My birthday is on 15th January ( the fifteenth of January)
4) When do you get up I get up at six o’clock
5) When does spring last It lasts for 3 months from March to May
6) What time is it It’s quarter to nine
5食品饮料
食品饮料喜东西方食品
food meat rice fish bread egg…
drinks water milk orange juice coke coffee…
相关句型
1) Would you like something to drinkeat Yes I’d like some…No thanks
2) Would you like to eatdrink… I’d like to eatdrink…No thanks
3) What’s your favourite fooddrinks My favourite fooddrink is …
4) Could I have some… Yes please
6服装
服装颜色服装喜某穿戴 属关系
clothes hat cap coat shirt Tshirt skirt dress sweater jacket trousers sock shoe
put on wear
属关系 形容词性物代词my your his her its our their
名词性物代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs
相关句型
1) What does it look like It likes wearing a blue shirt
2) Whose shoes are these They’re mine They’re Tom’s
3) Is this thatit your book Yes it is No it isn’t
4) Is this pencil yours Yes it is No it isn’t
5) Are these thosethey your coats and trousers Yes they are No they aren’t
6) Are those clothes theirs Yes they are No they aren’t
7) This is my hat That hat is his
注意： 名词单复数物代词（名词性物代词形容词性物代词）名词格：Tom’s my father’s the teachers’
7玩具文具
特点颜色属关系存位置
Toys doll toy…
文具 desk book bag pen pencil pencilbox ruler chair ball
存位置 in on under beside behind in front of in the front of in the middle of at the back of…(a placea person)
相关句型
1) There is a cup of tea on the table
2) There are some oranges in the fridge
3) Is there any milk in the glass Yes there is No there isn’t
4) Are there any oranges in the fridges Yes there are No there aren’t
5) What’s under the desk There is an oranges There are some oranges
8日常生活品
特点颜色属关系存位置
words shelf table clock brush telephone light computer bike fridge glass knife
keyboard bottle box plate photo photograph fax radio supermarket
特点 big small heavy light white black empty full old new beautiful cute tall short strong plump nice good bad…
9动物
家畜家禽农场动物动物园野生动物特点生活点属关系
words(animals) cat dog duck goose (geese) fish sheep bird panda monkey rabbit hen cock chick tiger lion pig cow mouse (mice)
生活点：at home in a farm in a zoo …
属关系：话题（7）
10植物
特点属关系存位置
words tree rose flower leave (leaves) …
11环境建筑
特点属关系存位置
buildings factory hospital park house library museum office farm post office bank police station train station sports stadium department store store school classroom house bathroom livingroom sittingroom bedroom kitchen garden…
房子基构造： door gate wall window floor…
相关句型
1) Where do you study at I study at Longdong Primary School
2) Where does your mother work at She works at a hospital
3) Let’s meet at the gate of the park
4) My brother is playing in the garden
12身体
特点
body head hair eye nose ear mouth neck shoulder hand fingerfoot(feet) toe…
外貌 fat thin plump tall short old young round face two big blue eyes long
hair short hair black hair white hair…
相关句型
1) I’m You’re He’sShe’s We’re They’re (not) tall
2) Is heshe tall or short He’s She’s tall (short)
3) IWeTheyYou have (got) black hair
4) HeShe has ( got ) a round face
5) Has heshe got long hair Yes heshe hasNo heshe hasn’t
注意：描述外貌时havehas法区 形容词法 tall short old young black long…
13情况
姓名年龄址特点爱
age year address email address hobby
hobby collecting stamps(coins) going swimming… doing sth
相关句型
1) How old are you I’m thirteen years old
2) I’m a thirteenyear old boy
3) What’s your address I live at No48 Renmin road
4) What’s your email address My email address is 123VIP@126com
5) What’s your hobby My hobby is going running Or I like going running
6) I You They like music
7) He likes sightseeing
8) Do you like reading Yes I do No I don’t
9) Does he she like playing basketball Yes heshe does No heshe doesn’t
注意： 描述喜时：名词动词 ing 形式作宾语 语第三称单数时般现时动词变化
动词ing变化规律：
1）直接加ing ： openopening cleancleaning meetmeeting singsinging studystudying …
2）掉词尾发音e ：taketaking closeclosing comecoming drivedriving havehaving useusing writewriting practicepracticing …
3）重读闭音节双写字母加 ing ： sitsitting putputting beginbeginning getgetting swimswimming runrunning cutcutting becomebecoming …
语第三称单数时般现时动词变化规律(名词变复数规律相)：
1） 直接加s ：cookcooks comecomes closecloses…
2)o x s sh ch 结尾+es teachteaches gogoes dodoes catchcatches washwashes brushbrushes missmisses …
3）辅音字母加y结尾y改i +es ：flyflies worryworries carrycarries …
4）ffe结尾ffe改v+es
5）特殊：havehas …
14家庭亲属朋友
姓名年龄址特点爱：关系
words family grandfather(grandpagranddad) grandmother(grandmagrand mum) father mother brother sister uncle aunt cousin friend
相关句型
1) Is heshe Tom’s cousin Yes heshe isNo heshe isn’t
2) Who’s heshe He’sShe’s my friend
3) How many people are there in your family Who are they
There are four my father my mother my brother and me
注意： 1）名词单复数：familyfamilies
名词单数复数规律
1）直接加s ： boyboys termterms
2) o x s sh ch 结尾+es boxboxes classclasses glassglasses coachcoaches dressdresses faxfaxes inchinches matchmatches
3） 辅音字母加y结尾y改i +es ：babybabies ladyladies factoryfactories peachpeaches librarylibraries watchwatches
4） ffe结尾ffe改v+es leafleaves knifeknives wifewives shelfshelves …
5） 特殊 manmen policemanpolicemen womanwomen childchildren goosegeese toothteeth footfeet
6) 变 hair milk tea coffee water bread rice paper juice meat people fish sheep …
2） 名词格表明谁 ： my cousin’s his parents’
构成规： 单数名词+ ’s Mike’s mother
复数名词词尾+ ’Teachers’ Da教师节
两时者+ ’s
Jim and Tom’s mother吉姆汤姆母亲
两者两者+ ’s
Jim’s and Tom’s mother吉姆母亲汤姆母亲
名词生命格构成of
a map of China幅中国图
15学校
学校建筑学校生活
words school building classroom dormitory playground library…
subjects Chinese maths English music computer PE art biology politics history meeting geography…
相关句型
1) What’s your favourite subject English
2) Where’s the library It’s behind the dormitory
3) When do you go to school At 720
4) When does Chinese begin on Monday At Eight o’clock
5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on MondayYes it does No it doesn’t
6) We’re having an English class
16社交礼仪
礼貌语询问应答
1Greetings Hello Hi Good morningafternoonevening
How are you Fine thanks And you
Please say hello to your parents for me
2 Introduction My name is … I’m a pupil I’m new here
This is MrMrsMiss White
Hello nice to meet you
3 Farewells GoodbyeByebyeBye
See you thentomorrow
Good night
It’s late I must go home now
Thanking for coming
4 Thanks Thank you (very much)You’re welcomeNot at all
5 apologies Sorry I’m sorry That’s all right Excuse me
6 Incitation Will you go shopping with me
Would you like to go I’d love to Thank you
7 Asking for permission May I have an apple
Could Can I use your bike Sure Certainly Yes of course Yes do please
8 Expressing wishes Happy birthday Thank you
9 Offering help Can I help you What can I do for you
10 Making appointments Are you free tomorrow What about tomorrow afternoon
Let’s meet at the gate at 750
Shall we visit the museum
11 Hello May I speak to Kate SpeakingIt’s Kate hereWho’s thisthat please
12 Taking meals Would you like something to eatdrink
Would you like some fishmeat
13 Shopping Can I help you sir
What can I do for you sir
What about this one
Do you like this one
I want I’d like some oranges
How much is the shirt are the socks
It’s to small Two kilos please
I’ll take it
14 Asking the way Excuse me Where is the Guangzhou Library
Can you tell you me the way to the Garden Hotel please
Can I take this bus to Beijing Road
Is there a hotel near here It’s over there Turn rightleft
17国家城市
理位置特点
Countries China Japan America (the USA) English( the UK) Australia Russia Canada Italy India France
Nationalities Chinese Japanese American Englishman Australian Russian Canadian Italian Indian French
相关句型
1) Where’s Japan It’s to the east of China
2) Where does your friend come from She comes from English
3) Where are they from They’re from Russia
4) What country do you from I come from China
5) What country is he from He’s from France
6) What language does she speak She speaks French
7) What language do they speak They speak Chinese
18天气
气候特征
weather hot cold cool warm sun shine sunny rain heavy rain light rain rainy wind strong wind windy snow heavy snow light snow snowy cloud cloudy…
temperature 15 ( fifteen degrees centigrade) 0 (zero degree centigrade) 5 (minus degrees centigrade)…
相关句型
1) What’s the weather like in spring It’s warm rainy and wet
2) What will the weather be like there It will be sunny
3) Is it snowing Yes it is a snowy day
4) Will there be cloudy Yes there will
5) The sun is shining
6) I like taking a warm bath
19节日
节日特点节日活动
festivals New Year’s Day Spring Festival Women’s Day April foolish Day May Day Mother’s Day Children’s Day Father’s Day Party’s Day Army’s Day Midautumn Festival Teachers’ Day National Day Thanks Giving Day Christmas Day
New Year’s Day 1st January
Spring Festival It’s the Chinese New Year It’s the first day of the Chinese year It’s a very special festival for all Chinese people It is usually at the end of January or the beginning of February in late January or early February The children can get lucky money
Women’s Day It’s on 8th March
April Foolish Day on 1st April on this day people can play jokes to their friends
May Day 1st May laborers’ day
Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May
Children’s Day on June 1st
Father’s Day on the third Sunday in June
Party’s birthday in China it’s on 1st July
Army’s Day in China it’s on 1st August
Midautumn Festival on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar In China people eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon
Teachers’ Day on 10th September
National Day in China it’s at the beginning of October
Thanks Giving Day the last Thursday in November it’s American festival
Christmas Day December 25th
20方位
物位置问路应答
place in on at under near next to beside behind in front of in the front of in the middle (of ) back on the rightleft the second…person from the rightleft
A Excuse me Where’s the department store
Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel Please
Can I take this bus to Beijing Road
Is there a hotel near here
B It’s over there
Turn right left at the first crossing The hotel is on the rightleft
I’m sorry I don’t know
21正发生事情
现进行动作发生事 be doing something
1) I’mYou’reHe’s She’s We’reThey’re (not) working
2) Are you playing football Yes I amwe are
3) Is heshe taking exercise Yes heshe is No heshe isn’t
4) Are they going shopping Yes they are No they aren’t
5) What are you doing I’mWe’re cleaning the room
6) What’s heshe doing He’sShe’s having supper
7) What are they doing They’re reading
22日常生活
日常生活工作学活动 daily routine
get up brush one’s teeth wash one’s face make breakfast have breakfast go to schoolwork do morning exercises have classes play basketball play football run jump go home have lunch have supper do one’s homework watch TV do some reading take a bath go to bed
1) What time do you get up I usually get up at 6 o’clock
2) Shen Zhen often takes a bath at 9 o’clock in the morning
3) My mother is never late for work
23计划算
计划进行动作发生事 be going to do …
1) I’mYou’re He’sShe’s We’reThey’re (not) going to visit the museum
2) Are you going to swim Yes I amwe are No I’m notwe aren’t
3) Is heshe going to see Miss Wang Yes heshe is No heshe isn’t
4) What are you going to do tomorrow I’m We’re going to visit the farm
5) IYouHeSheTheyWe will go skiing
6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow Yes I amwe are
7) go swimming go shopping go climbing go skiing go walking go running go fishing go skating go sightseeing…
24力
进行动作发生事
1)IYouHeSheWeThey can(can’t) come here tomorrow
2)Can heshe visit the factory today Yes heshe can No heshe can’t
3)Can they go by bus Yes they can No they can’t
4)May I visit the factory this afternoon Yes of course SureCertainly
5)May I sit here Yes of courseplease do
注意 情态动词can法 can do (+动词原形)
学英语语法全
第章 名 词
定义
名词表示事物名称词表示具体东西表示抽象东西
二分类
1 名词根意义分普通名词专名词
：john is a student
student普通名词john专名词
普通名词前定冠词aan 定冠词the 加冠词专名词前般加冠词专名词首字母写
2 普通名词分体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词中体名词集体名词数名词物质名词抽象名称数名词
3 专名词
专名词表示名名团体机构组织等专名词独二事物
三名词数
1名词分数名词数名词
数名词——数名词
数名词——数清（没复数）
drinkmilk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
foodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2数名词定冠词a(an)连数数形式数名词定冠词a(an)连没复数形式
many+数名词复数
mucha little+数名词
some any a lot of (lots of) 两者修饰
3数名词直接数词修饰
数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词
数名词数量提问how many
数名词数量提问 how much
4数名词量两种表示方法：
1） some much a little a lot of a bit of plenty of 等表示少
注意数名词复数数名词连：plenty of some a lot of lots of most of 等
there is much water in the bottle 瓶中水
i'll tell you much good news告诉许消息
we should collect some useful information应该收集消息
2） 单位词表示
a of 表示
a cup of （ 杯）a bottle of （瓶）
a piece of （ 张）a pair of shoes（双鞋）
two cups of tea（两杯茶）five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词动词单复数形式取决单位词单复数形式千百等数词名词加表示复数时数词保持单数名词变复数
two hundred students（200名学生）
ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
测试点he caught a lot of fish抓许鱼（处许条鱼fish复数fishfishes）
he caught a lot of fishes
the paper is about some freshwater fishes篇文关种淡水鱼（处fish表示种类鱼加复数词尾es）
5数名词分单数复数
名词单数该词身前面加aan
1）单数
a desk（张桌子）
an old desk（张旧书桌）
2）复数：表示概念时名词复数形式
规变化
1）般情况加s
bookbooks（书） deskdesks（书桌）
2）s x ch sh结尾加es
boxboxes（盒子） busbuses(公汽车)
注意① th 结尾加s monthmonths
②stomachstomachs
3)辅音字母+结尾变yi加 es
citycities(城市) countrycountries(国家)
注意元音+y直接加s：daydays(天)boyboys(男孩)
4)ffe结尾复数变f fe v加es
knifeknives(书) halfhalves(半)
(thief wife life shelf knife leaf self half wolf)
注意①少数词直接加sroofroofs (屋顶)
5)o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词加es
tomatotomatoes(西红杮)
potatopotatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词加s
pianopianos (钢琴) zoozoos(动物园)
photophotos (片) kangarookangaroos(袋鼠)
kilokilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式：zerozeros zeroes(零)
规变化
1) 元音字母发变化
manmen(男) womanwomen(妇女)
toothteeth(牙齿) footfeet(脚)
mousemice(老鼠) policemanpolicemen(警察)
policewomanpolicewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化
childchildren(孩) oxoxen(公牛)
3) 单复数形式相
fishfish(鱼) sheepsheep(绵羊) deerdeer(鹿) chinesechinese(中国) yuanyuan(元) jinnjinn(斤)
注意 说an english说an englishman
①fish作鱼肉讲时数没复数
②fishes指种种类鱼指条鱼
4) 形似单数实复数意义
people()these people
(说a people说a person)
police(公安警察)ten police
(说a police说a policeman)
5) manwoman构成合成名词变复数名词manwoman变成复数
a man drivermen drivers(男司机)
a woman doctorwomen doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变复数时通常里面含体名词变复数
passerbypassersby(路)
bus driverbus drivers(汽车司机)
注意果没体名词词加s：
grownupgrownups(成年)
letterboxletterboxes (信箱)
注意①hairfruit通常作单数表示总体表示干根头发干种水果需两词复数形式
would you like some more fruit 吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market 市场买许水果
china has some good frits 中国水果(指种类)
she has a few white hairs 白头发
his black hair is going white 黑发逐渐变成灰白色
注意②wind snowrain类词时复数形式表示次风雪雨
注意boy girl开头复合名词变成复数时般名词变成复数
boy studentboy students(男学生)
girlfriendgirlfriends(女朋友)
7) 名词作复数
scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成复合名词复数形式通常简单名词样man(woman)改成men(women)
englishmanenglishmen(英国)
frenchwomanfrenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german复合词复数germans
四名词格
名词加表示关系带种词尾名词形式称该名词格
mary's father(玛丽父亲)
jim's mother(吉姆母亲)
格相带种词尾形式称普通格
1名词格构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾没s加's
tom's knife(汤姆刀)
children's books(童书籍)
2)表示样东西需名字加果表示需名字加
jim and mike's room吉姆麦克()房间
jim's and mike's rooms吉姆麦克()房间
3)名词已复数词尾s加'
the students' readingroom(学生阅览室)
everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night 晚需少8时睡眠(新目标英语九年级)
注意①格读音名词复数读音样
②名词格表示生命东西(特高级动物)名词
this is a woman's work 女干工作
this is a girls' school 女子学校
4)s结尾专名词构成格然加's加'读音iz
mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生书)
keats' works(济慈作品)
(1)表示时间距离名词
where is today's newspaper 天报纸？
an hour's walk isn't far 时路程远
(1) 生命东西名词国家城市季节太阳月亮江河海洋船等名词's表示关系
china's population(中国口)
the city's life(城市生活)
注意表示店铺某家时避免重复(前面已提)名词格面省略修饰名词
my uncle's(叔叔家) the doctor's(医生诊)
2短语格
生命名词's结构表示关系果生命名词+of+名词结构表示
the window of the house(间房子窗户)
注意's格表示事物类属性时of格：男式鞋应men'sshoes of men
3of +名词格
of +名词称双重格时注意项
1)表示部分时前面词定a an some any few two no several ()类修饰语onethe
说：a book of my brother's 兄弟书
说：books of my brother's book of my brother's
2)带感情色彩时the this that these those名词前
the pretty daughter of your sister's 姐姐漂亮女
did you read that book of lu xun's 读鲁迅书？
3)of 前面名词专名词
说：this is john of his uncle's
4)of 面名词必须特定
these books of my friend's are good 朋友书
5)of 面名词必须指名词
较说it is a leaf of the tree's
a picture of my father指爸爸片
注意of 格双重格时交意义甚区
a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car of betty's cars 换a car of bettyjim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now吉姆父亲汤姆父亲目前办公室
常口诀
表示民族名词口溜
（1）中日瑞友致
（2）英法联盟a变e
（3）律加s chinesejapanese单复数形englishmanfrenchman复数englishmenfrenchmengermanamericanaustralian等复数形式面加s
o结尾名词口溜
1）生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加es生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加s
生命：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negronegroes
生命：zoozoos radioradios photophotos pianopianos zerozeros bamboo（竹竿）bamboos tobacco（烟丝）tobaccos1）
2）两两菜火山（+es）
学—中学课中o结尾名词构成复数时加esnegro（黑）hero（英雄）potato（土豆）tomato（西红杮）volcano（火山）两两菜火山
：黑英雄吃土豆西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）余o结尾名词变复数时均加s
图景：zoo里见bamboo面挂着张photo架piano面放着台radio
zoozoos bamboobamboosphotophotos pianopianos radioradios
ffe结尾口溜
（1）f(e)结尾名词变复数时f(e)改v(e)加sf(e)结尾名词直接加s
妻子持刀宰狼偷吓发慌
躲架保命半片树叶遮目光 wife（妻子）knife（刀子）wolf（狼）thief（偷）shelf（架子）life（生命）leaf（树叶）self（）half（半）9名词变复数时改f(e)ve加s
(2)f结尾名词般f改ves特殊情况直接加s
gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief编成口诀联想：
海湾边屋顶首领农仆相
谁说信仰语气定手帕
巧记规名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅老鼠加虱婆
manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louselice
第二章 冠 词
定义
冠词种虚词身单独没词义名词前面(相名词帽子)帮助指明名词含义
二分类
3类：定冠词（the definite article）定冠词（the indefinite article）零冠词（zero article）
三法
1定冠词法
a an数词one 源意思a辅音音素前an元音音素前
(1) 表示某类某事物中常第次提某某物时定冠词起介绍作表示
i gave him a book yesterday 昨天书
i am reading an interesting story 读趣事
(2) 表示事物某种类 强调整体 中代表类
a horse is useful to mankind 马类
(3) 定冠词事物单位前时间 速度 价格等意义名词前表示
we often go to school two times a day 常常天两次学校
i went to the library once a week at least
(4) 定冠词指某某物具体说明物
a boy came to see you a moment ago 刚孩找
(5)序数词前表示时
i want to read the story a second time 想读遍篇说
(6) 表示特定某时
a mr smith is calling on the phone 位史密斯先生电话找
（7）特定短语里表示特定含义数名词连：
have a good time 高兴
(8) 日三餐前修饰语时
mum what shall we have for lunch
jiaozi
oh what a wonderful lunch i enjoy it very much
(9) 形容词高级前表示非常时
lesson nine is a most difficult lesson but it isn't the most difficult one
(10)定冠词某词组中
a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a minute in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden
2定冠词法
定冠词the指示代词thisthatthesethose源（） （）意思较弱名词连表示某某特定东西必须加定冠词情形
(1)表示双方明白物名词前：
take the medicine 药吃
(2)文提事名称前：
he bought a house i've been to the house
买幢房子幢房子
(3)指世独二事物名词前：
the sun the sky the moon the earth
(4)单数名词连表示类事物：
the fox is cunning 狐狸狡猾
(5)形容词分词连表示类：the rich 富 the living 生者
(6)序数词形容词高级形容词only very same等前面：
where do you live i live on the second floor 住？住二层
that's the very thing that ineed 正需东西
(7)表示世纪年代结构前
he began to learn russian in the 1950s 20实际50年代开始学俄语
注意in one's 50s意某五十岁时
he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s
(8)较级两种句型中 ①表示越 越时
the lighter the better 越轻越
② 表示两者中较时定冠词
there are two books on the table i like the thicker one
(9)动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位名称结构中(注意介词常inonby)
the ball hit me on the back 球中头
(10) 表示计量单位数名词前(注意介词by)
the workers are paid by the hourdaymonth 月付工工资
(11)某普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall(长城)the people's park(民公园)等
the people's republic of china 中华民国
the united states 美国
(12)表示乐器名词前：
she plays the piano 会弹钢琴
the little girl likes to play the violin 女孩喜欢拉提琴
（13）定冠词文艺活动运动场名称前
they are going to the cinema tonight 晚影院电影
(14)姓氏复数名词前表示家：
the greens 格林家 (格林夫妇)
(15)方位名词前 ：in the west on the west
(16)某短语中 in the day in the morning (afternoonevening) the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky (waterfieldcountry) in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre
3零冠词（定冠词)
(1) 物质名词前：
water is very important 水非常重
(2) 抽象名词前：
failure is the mother of success 失败成功母
(3) 复数名词表示物种类时：
doctors cure patients 医生治病救
those people are teachers not students 老师学生
(4) 关游戏名词前：
do you like to play chess 喜欢棋
(5) by + 交通工具短语里：
shall we walk or go by bus 车步行
(6) 国名名名前通常定冠词 ：
englandmary
（7）年份季节月份节日 假日日期星期等表示时间名词前加冠词
we go to school from monday to friday 星期星期五课
(8)称呼表示官衔职位名词前加冠词
the guards took the american to general lee
士兵美国送李军里
(9)三餐球类运动名称前加冠词 ：
have breakfastplay chess
(10) 某固定词组中否冠词意义：
in hospital住院in the hospital医院里 in bed卧床 in the bed床
in front of（外）前面in the front of （）前部
go to hospital 医院病 go to the hospital 医院 (病目)
口 诀
泛指a an单数数特指the特the
释：1）泛指a an单数数——泛指单数数名词前a an2）特指the——果特指数名词单数复数数名词前均the3）特the——特指the包括泛指数名词单数前a an泛指数名词复数前冠词泛指数名词前冠词三种情况
定冠词：特指双熟悉文已提世独二序数高级某专名语乐器
（1）the特指谈话双方知道某某物前：
where is the teacher？
老师里？
（2）the文已提事物前：
i can see a cat the cat is lucys
见猫猫露茜
（3）the世界独二事物前：
the earth goes around the sun
球围绕着太阳转
（4）the序数词形容词高级前：
mike is the tallest of the three boys
迈克三男孩中高
（5）the普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall（长城）the peoples park（民公园 ）等
（6）the惯语中乐器名词前：in the day（白天）play the piano（弹钢琴）等
冠词：代词限定名词前专名词数复数名词表泛指学科球类三餐饭季节星期月份前颜色语种国名称呼语头衔
（1）名词前已作定语this that these those my your his her our their some等限定词时冠词：this eraser her pencilbox some boxes those women等
（2）泛指数名词前般冠词：meat rice water bread tea milk juice等
（3）复数名词表示泛指时冠词：
the people in the room are doctors
房间里医生
（4）表示学科名词前般冠词：chinese english maths physics history等三餐饭球类运动名词前般加冠词：have breakfast lunch supper play basketball football等
（5）季节节日星期月份前冠词：autumn summer winter spring teachers day childrens day sunday february等
（6）表颜色语种国家名词前冠词：white brown french australia等
（7）表示称呼语名词前职务头衔名词前冠词：
doctor green is a scientist
格林博士位科学家
水湖球星山峰独欧（二）（足）族球（运动）文章学专：
1）水湖：海洋海湾河等the单湖the(湖the)
the red seathe pacific oceanthe persian gulf the yangtze river
the great lakes(五湖)lake erie(伊利湖)
2）球星：球月亮the行星the marsvenus
3）山峰：the huangshan mountains(黄山)mount everest(珠穆朗玛峰)
mount(or mt) tai(泰山)
4）独欧（偶）：独二the earththe moonthe sunthe
欧洲等七洲the
europeafricaasianorth americasouth americaantarcticaoceania
5）（足）族球（运动）：种族thethe indians(印第安)球类运动
baseballbasketball
6）文章：历史性文件the说等章节the
the constitution(宪法) chapter one
7）学专：学校放词组前面时the专名词放词组前面时the
the university of fudan fudan university
第三章 介词
定义
介词preposition缩写prep前置词表示名词代词（相名词短语句）句子成分关系介词种虚词单独句中作成分
二介词法
1表示时间（at oninatbefore afterby untilthroughfromsincewithin）
(1)at表示时刻时间某点
at noon午时 at night夜间 at present目前
(2)on星期某天某天午午晚(指具体某天时律) on sunday星期天 on sunday morning 星期天午
on march 8 3月8日
(3)in表示周月季节年泛指午午晚
in 1999 1999年 in november 11月份
in summer 夏季 in the afternoon午
……(未时间)
i think he will be back in an hour 想时会回
i heard that she would be back in a month听说月回
(4)before：……前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning 天早晨魏华7点前起床
(5)after：……
after that no noe should ever kill a seagull 时起捕杀海鸥
(6)by：……前(时间)截止()……
by the time i arrived she had already gone
达前已走
(7)for：达……久(表示少时间)般现时时时连常完成时连
florence often worked for twentyfour hours without rest
弗洛沦斯常常工作24时休息
（8）during：……期间
during the lifetime of one man north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres
生期间北美洲欧洲漂移间距离增加差两米
(9）through：直……(开始结束)
he who led the united states through these years was shot on april 14 1865 at a theater in washington
领导美国度年代1865年4月14日美国华盛顿家戏院里枪杀
(10）from：……起(时间)
the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening 工迫早7点工作晚7点
(11）since：……(表示前某时直现继续)
since that time my eyes had never been very good时起眼睛直
(12)within……超范围
he will arrive within an hour 时
2表示点（atinon underoverabovebelownearbybetweenamongaroundaroundin front ofbehindin intoout ofalongacrossthrough
toforfrom)
(1) at某点(表示较狭窄场)
at school学 at home家 at 320 xinfu district 新抚区320号
at the station 火车站
(2)in某(表示较宽敞场)
she will arrive in shanghai at ten 10点达海
(3)表示点方on under over above below
①on……面接触面
on the table 桌子面
②above……方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees
时朱莉安娜听树林空飞机声
③over……正方under反义词
over these tombs they built pyramids 坟墓建起金字塔
④under：……面……
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree 姐俩篮子放树
⑤below：……方(定正方)
three thousand metres below her she could see nothing except the thick jungle
3000米茂密丛林外什见
(4)near by
①near远(not far)反义词near指时间in the near future远
green’s lake was a small lake near his home 格林湖家附湖
②by……旁边距离
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days
朱莉安娜着河岸走足足6天
(5)between among around
①between两者间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great 美国英语英国英语间差
②among三者者更中
there are some american students among us 中间美国学校
③around环绕…周围……四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it
达四周高山环绕山谷
(6)in front of behind
①in front of ……前面
there is a car in front of the house 房子前面辆汽车
②behind …边
are there any cows behind the house 房子面牛？
(7)in into out of
①in…表示静止位置
there are four girls in the room房间里4女孩
②into进入表示特定终点运动方通常表示动作动作come go walk jump run
she took me from the hall into my classroom 门厅带进教室里边
(8)along across through
①along着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing
着中山路走然第二十路口右拐
②across横(面物体)
very slowlythe continents are moving across the face of the world
洲球表面缓缓漂移
③through贯通通
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang
学生着王叔叔通门
(9)to for from
①达……点(目)方
where’s jack he has gone to london杰克？伦敦
②for：表示目……
do you know what he comes here for 知道什？
③from：……点起
how far is it from london to new york 伦敦纽约远？
3表示手段材料介词
（1）with
①……起
these plates keep moving like great ships carrying the continents with them
板块载着陆航船样断漂移
②具带
a person with good manners is always kind and polite
礼貌总气气彬彬礼
③某种工具方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes
穿着特制游泳鞋游泳
(2）in表示什材料(例：墨水铅笔等)什语言表示衣着声调特点时within
what’s this in english 英语说？
(3）by通……方法手段
what do you mean by the wordisland？ island什意思
i prefer traveling by train 更喜欢火车旅行
4
(1） of from
①of 属)……表示…数量种类
it was beginning of the term 学期开始时候
②from(某某)…起始
she is a lady from canada 位加女士
(2)without like as
①without 没with反义词
she often worked for twentyfour without rest 通常工作24时休息
②like……样
like many children of her age ding fang is a young pioneer
龄孩子样丁芳少先队员
③as作
they are carrying us as passengers作客运载着
(3)against反着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts 奋力扑蝗虫
(4) about
① 关处四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing 南丁格尔写部关护理方面书
② 询问某某物情况提出建议
what about your family 家里样？
口 诀
口诀1年月周前in日子前面行遇号on午午in说某日午on换in行午夜黄昏at黎明 at时分前说差to说part
口诀2 in……里 out……外旁边besideby on……
under…… above头 below底
口诀3 thisthattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone接年月季星期周介词省略已惯 overunder正abovebelow然数量词连混合关' beyond超出against着反besidesexcept分外amongalong
类较except加for异类记心间
口诀4beforeafter表点 agolater表段 before接完成时ago极限
sinceduring间since时态变换 相besidelast but one
口诀5：
①早午晚in 例：in the morning 早 in the afternoon 午
in the evening 晚 in the day 白天
②黎明午夜点分at 例 at dawn at daybreak 黎明时候 at noon 中午
at night 夜间 at midnight 午夜 at six o'clock 6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 7点半 at half past eleven 11点半
at nine fifteen 9点15分 at ten thirty am 午10点30分
at the weekend 周末
③年月年月季节周in 例in 1986 1986年 in 1927 1927年 in april 四月 in march 三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月
in spring 春季 in summer 夏季 in autumn 秋季 in winter 冬季
in the fist week of this semester 学期第周 in the third week 第三周
④阳光灯影衣 雨in阳光灯树阴穿衣着装雨等in
例：don't read in dim light 切勿暗淡灯光书 they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 明亮灯光复功课 they are sitting in the shade of a tree 坐树阴凉he went in the rain to meet me at the station 雨车站接in the bright sunlight 明亮阳光 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服妇女
⑤时态in 例 they will come back in 10 days 10天回
i'll come round in a day or two 两天回 we'll be back in no time 会回 come and see me in two days' time 两天(现开始)
after (开始)
⑥处at处in
i'm in liaoning at anshan 住辽宁省鞍山市．
形with形by语言 单位材料in
例：the workers are paving a road with stone 工正石子铺路(形)
the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen
位教师正支新笔批改文(形)
taking tiger mountain by strategy is a good opera
<<智取威虎山>>出戏(形)
the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 种产品蒸馏分离出气油粗柴油 (表示方式手段方法形)
i really can't express my idea in english freely indeed．
确实英语流利表达思想 (表示某种语言in)
the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里米制中长长度单位 (表示度量衡单位in )
this board was cast in bronze not in gold 牌匾铜铸金铸
⑦特征方面方式心情成语惯in
特征状态：
they found the patient in a coma 发现病处昏迷状态
he has not been in good health for some years 年身体直
the house was in ruins 房屋成废墟
her clothes were in rags 衣穿破
心理短语in： in jest 诙谐in joke 开玩笑in spite 恶意 in fairness 公正in revenge 报复 in mercy 宽in sorrow 伤心等
⑧介词atto表方攻击位置善恶分
介词atto表示方 at表示方时侧重攻击目标表示恶意to表示方时突出运动位置动作象侧重表示善意
she came at me 扑
she came to me 走
he shouted at the old man 声喝斥老
he shouted to the old man 声老说
she talked at you just now 刚说坏话呢
she talked to you just now 刚谈话呢
she threw a bone at the dog 块骨头砸狗
she threw a bone to the dog 块骨头扔狗吃
`
学英语语法全
第章 名 词
定义
名词表示事物名称词表示具体东西表示抽象东西
二分类
1 名词根意义分普通名词专名词
：john is a student
student普通名词john专名词
普通名词前定冠词aan 定冠词the 加冠词专名词前般加冠词专名词首字母写
2 普通名词分体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词中体名词集体名词数名词物质名词抽象名称数名词
3 专名词
专名词表示名名团体机构组织等专名词独二事物
三名词数
1名词分数名词数名词
数名词——数名词
数名词——数清（没复数）
drinkmilk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
foodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2数名词定冠词a(an)连数数形式数名词定冠词a(an)连没复数形式
many+数名词复数
mucha little+数名词
some any a lot of (lots of) 两者修饰
3数名词直接数词修饰
数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词
数名词数量提问how many
数名词数量提问 how much
4数名词量两种表示方法：
1） some much a little a lot of a bit of plenty of 等表示少
注意数名词复数数名词连：plenty of some a lot of lots of most of 等
there is much water in the bottle 瓶中水
i'll tell you much good news告诉许消息
we should collect some useful information应该收集消息
2） 单位词表示
a of 表示
a cup of （ 杯）a bottle of （瓶）
a piece of （ 张）a pair of shoes（双鞋）
two cups of tea（两杯茶）five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词动词单复数形式取决单位词单复数形式千百等数词名词加表示复数时数词保持单数名词变复数
two hundred students（200名学生）
ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
测试点he caught a lot of fish抓许鱼（处许条鱼fish复数fishfishes）
he caught a lot of fishes
the paper is about some freshwater fishes篇文关种淡水鱼（处fish表示种类鱼加复数词尾es）
5数名词分单数复数
名词单数该词身前面加aan
1）单数
a desk（张桌子）
an old desk（张旧书桌）
2）复数：表示概念时名词复数形式
规变化
1）般情况加s
bookbooks（书） deskdesks（书桌）
2）s x ch sh结尾加es
boxboxes（盒子） busbuses(公汽车)
注意① th 结尾加s monthmonths
②stomachstomachs
3)辅音字母+结尾变yi加 es
citycities(城市) countrycountries(国家)
注意元音+y直接加s：daydays(天)boyboys(男孩)
4)ffe结尾复数变f fe v加es
knifeknives(书) halfhalves(半)
(thief wife life shelf knife leaf self half wolf)
注意①少数词直接加sroofroofs (屋顶)
5)o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词加es
tomatotomatoes(西红杮)
potatopotatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词加s
pianopianos (钢琴) zoozoos(动物园)
photophotos (片) kangarookangaroos(袋鼠)
kilokilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式：zerozeros zeroes(零)
规变化
1) 元音字母发变化
manmen(男) womanwomen(妇女)
toothteeth(牙齿) footfeet(脚)
mousemice(老鼠) policemanpolicemen(警察)
policewomanpolicewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化
childchildren(孩) oxoxen(公牛)
3) 单复数形式相
fishfish(鱼) sheepsheep(绵羊) deerdeer(鹿) chinesechinese(中国) yuanyuan(元) jinnjinn(斤)
注意 说an english说an englishman
①fish作鱼肉讲时数没复数
②fishes指种种类鱼指条鱼
4) 形似单数实复数意义
people()these people
(说a people说a person)
police(公安警察)ten police
(说a police说a policeman)
5) manwoman构成合成名词变复数名词manwoman变成复数
a man drivermen drivers(男司机)
a woman doctorwomen doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变复数时通常里面含体名词变复数
passerbypassersby(路)
bus driverbus drivers(汽车司机)
注意果没体名词词加s：
grownupgrownups(成年)
letterboxletterboxes (信箱)
注意①hairfruit通常作单数表示总体表示干根头发干种水果需两词复数形式
would you like some more fruit 吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market 市场买许水果
china has some good frits 中国水果(指种类)
she has a few white hairs 白头发
his black hair is going white 黑发逐渐变成灰白色
注意②wind snowrain类词时复数形式表示次风雪雨
注意boy girl开头复合名词变成复数时般名词变成复数
boy studentboy students(男学生)
girlfriendgirlfriends(女朋友)
7) 名词作复数
scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成复合名词复数形式通常简单名词样man(woman)改成men(women)
englishmanenglishmen(英国)
frenchwomanfrenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german复合词复数germans
四名词格
名词加表示关系带种词尾名词形式称该名词格
mary's father(玛丽父亲)
jim's mother(吉姆母亲)
格相带种词尾形式称普通格
1名词格构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾没s加's
tom's knife(汤姆刀)
children's books(童书籍)
2)表示样东西需名字加果表示需名字加
jim and mike's room吉姆麦克()房间
jim's and mike's rooms吉姆麦克()房间
3)名词已复数词尾s加'
the students' readingroom(学生阅览室)
everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night 晚需少8时睡眠(新目标英语九年级)
注意①格读音名词复数读音样
②名词格表示生命东西(特高级动物)名词
this is a woman's work 女干工作
this is a girls' school 女子学校
4)s结尾专名词构成格然加's加'读音iz
mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生书)
keats' works(济慈作品)
(1)表示时间距离名词
where is today's newspaper 天报纸？
an hour's walk isn't far 时路程远
(1) 生命东西名词国家城市季节太阳月亮江河海洋船等名词's表示关系
china's population(中国口)
the city's life(城市生活)
注意表示店铺某家时避免重复(前面已提)名词格面省略修饰名词
my uncle's(叔叔家) the doctor's(医生诊)
2短语格
生命名词's结构表示关系果生命名词+of+名词结构表示
the window of the house(间房子窗户)
注意's格表示事物类属性时of格：男式鞋应men'sshoes of men
3of +名词格
of +名词称双重格时注意项
1)表示部分时前面词定a an some any few two no several ()类修饰语onethe
说：a book of my brother's 兄弟书
说：books of my brother's book of my brother's
2)带感情色彩时the this that these those名词前
the pretty daughter of your sister's 姐姐漂亮女
did you read that book of lu xun's 读鲁迅书？
3)of 前面名词专名词
说：this is john of his uncle's
4)of 面名词必须特定
these books of my friend's are good 朋友书
5)of 面名词必须指名词
较说it is a leaf of the tree's
a picture of my father指爸爸片
注意of 格双重格时交意义甚区
a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car of betty's cars 换a car of bettyjim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now吉姆父亲汤姆父亲目前办公室
常口诀
表示民族名词口溜
（1）中日瑞友致
（2）英法联盟a变e
（3）律加s chinesejapanese单复数形englishmanfrenchman复数englishmenfrenchmengermanamericanaustralian等复数形式面加s
o结尾名词口溜
1）生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加es生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加s
生命：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negronegroes
生命：zoozoos radioradios photophotos pianopianos zerozeros bamboo（竹竿）bamboos tobacco（烟丝）tobaccos1）
2）两两菜火山（+es）
学—中学课中o结尾名词构成复数时加esnegro（黑）hero（英雄）potato（土豆）tomato（西红杮）volcano（火山）两两菜火山
：黑英雄吃土豆西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）余o结尾名词变复数时均加s
图景：zoo里见bamboo面挂着张photo架piano面放着台radio
zoozoos bamboobamboosphotophotos pianopianos radioradios
ffe结尾口溜
（1）f(e)结尾名词变复数时f(e)改v(e)加sf(e)结尾名词直接加s
妻子持刀宰狼偷吓发慌
躲架保命半片树叶遮目光 wife（妻子）knife（刀子）wolf（狼）thief（偷）shelf（架子）life（生命）leaf（树叶）self（）half（半）9名词变复数时改f(e)ve加s
(2)f结尾名词般f改ves特殊情况直接加s
gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief编成口诀联想：
海湾边屋顶首领农仆相
谁说信仰语气定手帕
巧记规名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅老鼠加虱婆
manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louselice
第二章 冠 词
定义
冠词种虚词身单独没词义名词前面(相名词帽子)帮助指明名词含义
二分类
3类：定冠词（the definite article）定冠词（the indefinite article）零冠词（zero article）
三法
1定冠词法
a an数词one 源意思a辅音音素前an元音音素前
(1) 表示某类某事物中常第次提某某物时定冠词起介绍作表示
i gave him a book yesterday 昨天书
i am reading an interesting story 读趣事
(2) 表示事物某种类 强调整体 中代表类
a horse is useful to mankind 马类
(3) 定冠词事物单位前时间 速度 价格等意义名词前表示
we often go to school two times a day 常常天两次学校
i went to the library once a week at least
(4) 定冠词指某某物具体说明物
a boy came to see you a moment ago 刚孩找
(5)序数词前表示时
i want to read the story a second time 想读遍篇说
(6) 表示特定某时
a mr smith is calling on the phone 位史密斯先生电话找
（7）特定短语里表示特定含义数名词连：
have a good time 高兴
(8) 日三餐前修饰语时
mum what shall we have for lunch
jiaozi
oh what a wonderful lunch i enjoy it very much
(9) 形容词高级前表示非常时
lesson nine is a most difficult lesson but it isn't the most difficult one
(10)定冠词某词组中
a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a minute in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden
2定冠词法
定冠词the指示代词thisthatthesethose源（） （）意思较弱名词连表示某某特定东西必须加定冠词情形
(1)表示双方明白物名词前：
take the medicine 药吃
(2)文提事名称前：
he bought a house i've been to the house
买幢房子幢房子
(3)指世独二事物名词前：
the sun the sky the moon the earth
(4)单数名词连表示类事物：
the fox is cunning 狐狸狡猾
(5)形容词分词连表示类：the rich 富 the living 生者
(6)序数词形容词高级形容词only very same等前面：
where do you live i live on the second floor 住？住二层
that's the very thing that ineed 正需东西
(7)表示世纪年代结构前
he began to learn russian in the 1950s 20实际50年代开始学俄语
注意in one's 50s意某五十岁时
he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s
(8)较级两种句型中 ①表示越 越时
the lighter the better 越轻越
② 表示两者中较时定冠词
there are two books on the table i like the thicker one
(9)动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位名称结构中(注意介词常inonby)
the ball hit me on the back 球中头
(10) 表示计量单位数名词前(注意介词by)
the workers are paid by the hourdaymonth 月付工工资
(11)某普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall(长城)the people's park(民公园)等
the people's republic of china 中华民国
the united states 美国
(12)表示乐器名词前：
she plays the piano 会弹钢琴
the little girl likes to play the violin 女孩喜欢拉提琴
（13）定冠词文艺活动运动场名称前
they are going to the cinema tonight 晚影院电影
(14)姓氏复数名词前表示家：
the greens 格林家 (格林夫妇)
(15)方位名词前 ：in the west on the west
(16)某短语中 in the day in the morning (afternoonevening) the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky (waterfieldcountry) in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre
3零冠词（定冠词)
(1) 物质名词前：
water is very important 水非常重
(2) 抽象名词前：
failure is the mother of success 失败成功母
(3) 复数名词表示物种类时：
doctors cure patients 医生治病救
those people are teachers not students 老师学生
(4) 关游戏名词前：
do you like to play chess 喜欢棋
(5) by + 交通工具短语里：
shall we walk or go by bus 车步行
(6) 国名名名前通常定冠词 ：
englandmary
（7）年份季节月份节日 假日日期星期等表示时间名词前加冠词
we go to school from monday to friday 星期星期五课
(8)称呼表示官衔职位名词前加冠词
the guards took the american to general lee
士兵美国送李军里
(9)三餐球类运动名称前加冠词 ：
have breakfastplay chess
(10) 某固定词组中否冠词意义：
in hospital住院in the hospital医院里 in bed卧床 in the bed床
in front of（外）前面in the front of （）前部
go to hospital 医院病 go to the hospital 医院 (病目)
口 诀
泛指a an单数数特指the特the
释：1）泛指a an单数数——泛指单数数名词前a an2）特指the——果特指数名词单数复数数名词前均the3）特the——特指the包括泛指数名词单数前a an泛指数名词复数前冠词泛指数名词前冠词三种情况
定冠词：特指双熟悉文已提世独二序数高级某专名语乐器
（1）the特指谈话双方知道某某物前：
where is the teacher？
老师里？
（2）the文已提事物前：
i can see a cat the cat is lucys
见猫猫露茜
（3）the世界独二事物前：
the earth goes around the sun
球围绕着太阳转
（4）the序数词形容词高级前：
mike is the tallest of the three boys
迈克三男孩中高
（5）the普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall（长城）the peoples park（民公园 ）等
（6）the惯语中乐器名词前：in the day（白天）play the piano（弹钢琴）等
冠词：代词限定名词前专名词数复数名词表泛指学科球类三餐饭季节星期月份前颜色语种国名称呼语头衔
（1）名词前已作定语this that these those my your his her our their some等限定词时冠词：this eraser her pencilbox some boxes those women等
（2）泛指数名词前般冠词：meat rice water bread tea milk juice等
（3）复数名词表示泛指时冠词：
the people in the room are doctors
房间里医生
（4）表示学科名词前般冠词：chinese english maths physics history等三餐饭球类运动名词前般加冠词：have breakfast lunch supper play basketball football等
（5）季节节日星期月份前冠词：autumn summer winter spring teachers day childrens day sunday february等
（6）表颜色语种国家名词前冠词：white brown french australia等
（7）表示称呼语名词前职务头衔名词前冠词：
doctor green is a scientist
格林博士位科学家
水湖球星山峰独欧（二）（足）族球（运动）文章学专：
1）水湖：海洋海湾河等the单湖the(湖the)
the red seathe pacific oceanthe persian gulf the yangtze river
the great lakes(五湖)lake erie(伊利湖)
2）球星：球月亮the行星the marsvenus
3）山峰：the huangshan mountains(黄山)mount everest(珠穆朗玛峰)
mount(or mt) tai(泰山)
4）独欧（偶）：独二the earththe moonthe sunthe
欧洲等七洲the
europeafricaasianorth americasouth americaantarcticaoceania
5）（足）族球（运动）：种族thethe indians(印第安)球类运动
baseballbasketball
6）文章：历史性文件the说等章节the
the constitution(宪法) chapter one
7）学专：学校放词组前面时the专名词放词组前面时the
the university of fudan fudan university
第三章 介词
定义
介词preposition缩写prep前置词表示名词代词（相名词短语句）句子成分关系介词种虚词单独句中作成分
二介词法
1表示时间（at oninatbefore afterby untilthroughfromsincewithin）
(1)at表示时刻时间某点
at noon午时 at night夜间 at present目前
(2)on星期某天某天午午晚(指具体某天时律) on sunday星期天 on sunday morning 星期天午
on march 8 3月8日
(3)in表示周月季节年泛指午午晚
in 1999 1999年 in november 11月份
in summer 夏季 in the afternoon午
……(未时间)
i think he will be back in an hour 想时会回
i heard that she would be back in a month听说月回
(4)before：……前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning 天早晨魏华7点前起床
(5)after：……
after that no noe should ever kill a seagull 时起捕杀海鸥
(6)by：……前(时间)截止()……
by the time i arrived she had already gone
达前已走
(7)for：达……久(表示少时间)般现时时时连常完成时连
florence often worked for twentyfour hours without rest
弗洛沦斯常常工作24时休息
（8）during：……期间
during the lifetime of one man north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres
生期间北美洲欧洲漂移间距离增加差两米
(9）through：直……(开始结束)
he who led the united states through these years was shot on april 14 1865 at a theater in washington
领导美国度年代1865年4月14日美国华盛顿家戏院里枪杀
(10）from：……起(时间)
the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening 工迫早7点工作晚7点
(11）since：……(表示前某时直现继续)
since that time my eyes had never been very good时起眼睛直
(12)within……超范围
he will arrive within an hour 时
2表示点（atinon underoverabovebelownearbybetweenamongaroundaroundin front ofbehindin intoout ofalongacrossthrough
toforfrom)
(1) at某点(表示较狭窄场)
at school学 at home家 at 320 xinfu district 新抚区320号
at the station 火车站
(2)in某(表示较宽敞场)
she will arrive in shanghai at ten 10点达海
(3)表示点方on under over above below
①on……面接触面
on the table 桌子面
②above……方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees
时朱莉安娜听树林空飞机声
③over……正方under反义词
over these tombs they built pyramids 坟墓建起金字塔
④under：……面……
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree 姐俩篮子放树
⑤below：……方(定正方)
three thousand metres below her she could see nothing except the thick jungle
3000米茂密丛林外什见
(4)near by
①near远(not far)反义词near指时间in the near future远
green’s lake was a small lake near his home 格林湖家附湖
②by……旁边距离
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days
朱莉安娜着河岸走足足6天
(5)between among around
①between两者间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great 美国英语英国英语间差
②among三者者更中
there are some american students among us 中间美国学校
③around环绕…周围……四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it
达四周高山环绕山谷
(6)in front of behind
①in front of ……前面
there is a car in front of the house 房子前面辆汽车
②behind …边
are there any cows behind the house 房子面牛？
(7)in into out of
①in…表示静止位置
there are four girls in the room房间里4女孩
②into进入表示特定终点运动方通常表示动作动作come go walk jump run
she took me from the hall into my classroom 门厅带进教室里边
(8)along across through
①along着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing
着中山路走然第二十路口右拐
②across横(面物体)
very slowlythe continents are moving across the face of the world
洲球表面缓缓漂移
③through贯通通
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang
学生着王叔叔通门
(9)to for from
①达……点(目)方
where’s jack he has gone to london杰克？伦敦
②for：表示目……
do you know what he comes here for 知道什？
③from：……点起
how far is it from london to new york 伦敦纽约远？
3表示手段材料介词
（1）with
①……起
these plates keep moving like great ships carrying the continents with them
板块载着陆航船样断漂移
②具带
a person with good manners is always kind and polite
礼貌总气气彬彬礼
③某种工具方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes
穿着特制游泳鞋游泳
(2）in表示什材料(例：墨水铅笔等)什语言表示衣着声调特点时within
what’s this in english 英语说？
(3）by通……方法手段
what do you mean by the wordisland？ island什意思
i prefer traveling by train 更喜欢火车旅行
4
(1） of from
①of 属)……表示…数量种类
it was beginning of the term 学期开始时候
②from(某某)…起始
she is a lady from canada 位加女士
(2)without like as
①without 没with反义词
she often worked for twentyfour without rest 通常工作24时休息
②like……样
like many children of her age ding fang is a young pioneer
龄孩子样丁芳少先队员
③as作
they are carrying us as passengers作客运载着
(3)against反着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts 奋力扑蝗虫
(4) about
① 关处四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing 南丁格尔写部关护理方面书
② 询问某某物情况提出建议
what about your family 家里样？
口 诀
口诀1年月周前in日子前面行遇号on午午in说某日午on换in行午夜黄昏at黎明 at时分前说差to说part
口诀2 in……里 out……外旁边besideby on……
under…… above头 below底
口诀3 thisthattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone接年月季星期周介词省略已惯 overunder正abovebelow然数量词连混合关' beyond超出against着反besidesexcept分外amongalong
类较except加for异类记心间
口诀4beforeafter表点 agolater表段 before接完成时ago极限
sinceduring间since时态变换 相besidelast but one
口诀5：
①早午晚in 例：in the morning 早 in the afternoon 午
in the evening 晚 in the day 白天
②黎明午夜点分at 例 at dawn at daybreak 黎明时候 at noon 中午
at night 夜间 at midnight 午夜 at six o'clock 6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 7点半 at half past eleven 11点半
at nine fifteen 9点15分 at ten thirty am 午10点30分
at the weekend 周末
③年月年月季节周in 例in 1986 1986年 in 1927 1927年 in april 四月 in march 三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月
in spring 春季 in summer 夏季 in autumn 秋季 in winter 冬季
in the fist week of this semester 学期第周 in the third week 第三周
④阳光灯影衣 雨in阳光灯树阴穿衣着装雨等in
例：don't read in dim light 切勿暗淡灯光书 they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 明亮灯光复功课 they are sitting in the shade of a tree 坐树阴凉he went in the rain to meet me at the station 雨车站接in the bright sunlight 明亮阳光 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服妇女
⑤时态in 例 they will come back in 10 days 10天回
i'll come round in a day or two 两天回 we'll be back in no time 会回 come and see me in two days' time 两天(现开始)
after (开始)
⑥处at处in
i'm in liaoning at anshan 住辽宁省鞍山市．
形with形by语言 单位材料in
例：the workers are paving a road with stone 工正石子铺路(形)
the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen
位教师正支新笔批改文(形)
taking tiger mountain by strategy is a good opera
<<智取威虎山>>出戏(形)
the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 种产品蒸馏分离出气油粗柴油 (表示方式手段方法形)
i really can't express my idea in english freely indeed．
确实英语流利表达思想 (表示某种语言in)
the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里米制中长长度单位 (表示度量衡单位in )
this board was cast in bronze not in gold 牌匾铜铸金铸
⑦特征方面方式心情成语惯in
特征状态：
they found the patient in a coma 发现病处昏迷状态
he has not been in good health for some years 年身体直
the house was in ruins 房屋成废墟
her clothes were in rags 衣穿破
心理短语in： in jest 诙谐in joke 开玩笑in spite 恶意 in fairness 公正in revenge 报复 in mercy 宽in sorrow 伤心等
⑧介词atto表方攻击位置善恶分
介词atto表示方 at表示方时侧重攻击目标表示恶意to表示方时突出运动位置动作象侧重表示善意
she came at me 扑
she came to me 走
he shouted at the old man 声喝斥老
he shouted to the old man 声老说
she talked at you just now 刚说坏话呢
she talked to you just now 刚谈话呢
she threw a bone at the dog 块骨头砸狗
she threw a bone to the dog 块骨头扔狗吃
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学英语词汇汇总
13A
1Animals （动物） dog 狗 cat 猫 monkey 猴子tiger 老虎 panda 熊猫zebra 斑马bird 鸟elephant 象
2Fruit （水果） apple 苹果 orange 橘子banana 香蕉 pear梨peach 桃子mango 芒果 pineapple 菠萝watermelon 西瓜
3Clothing items （衣物类） coat 外套衣 jacket 茄克衫短衣 sweater 毛衣（厚）运动服blouse （女式）衬衫 dress 连衣裙晚礼服 skirt 短裙 shirt 衬衫 Tshirt T恤衫
4Food and drinks （食物饮料） cake 蛋糕 hamburger 汉堡 egg 蛋鸡蛋 icecream 冰淇淋 coffee 咖啡 tea 茶茶叶 milk 牛奶 juice 果汁
5Colours （颜色） red 红色红色 green 绿色 white 白色 black 黑色 yellow 黄色 blue 蓝色orange桔黄色 brown棕色褐色
6Things for school （学校品）book 书 pen 钢笔 pencil 铅笔 ball pen 圆珠笔 pencil box 文具盒 pencil sharpener 卷笔刀 rubber 橡皮 ruler 尺
7Vehicles（交通工具）car 汽车 bike 行车 bus 公汽车 plane 飞机
8Places （场）zoo 动物园 park 公园 cinema 电影院 supermarket 超市 the Great Wall 长城
9People（物）man 男 woman 妇女 boy 男孩 girl 女孩
10Things in a room（房物品） bed 床 table 桌子 chair 椅子 fridge 冰箱 bookcase 书橱 desk 书桌 sofa 沙发 telephone 电话 light 电灯 TV 电视机door 门 window 窗子 Walkman 身听 box 盒子 basket 篮子 tap水龙头
23B
1 Family members（家庭成员） father父亲 mother 母亲 grandfather祖父 grandmother 祖母 aunt姨妈舅母 uncle 伯父舅父 brotherson 兄弟子 sisterdaughter 姐妹女
2 Clothing items （衣物） cap 便帽 hat 帽子 tie 领带 vest 背心 belt 皮带 trousers （复数）长裤shoe 鞋 sock 袜子
3Things for school （学校品） storybook 事书 copybook 抄写 knife 刀tape 修正带胶带 crayon 蜡笔 school bag 书包 stapler 订书机
4Things in a room （室物品）clock 闹钟 computer 电脑 radio 收音机 camera 相机 watch 手表 toy train 玩具火车 key 钥匙
5Musical instrument（乐器）piano 钢琴 violin 提琴 guitar 吉accordion 手风琴
6Sports （体育运动） football 足球basketball 篮球volleyball 排球 baseball 棒球swimming 游泳skating 滑冰climbing 爬山skiing 滑雪fishing 钓鱼jogging 慢跑running 跑 rowing 划船
7Food and drinks（饮食）hot dog 热狗sandwich 三明治pie 馅饼bread 面包rice 米饭soft drinks清凉饮料chocolate 巧克力milk 牛奶
8Rooms （房间）sittingroom 起居室diningroom 餐厅bedroom 卧室bathroom 舆洗室study 书房kitchen 厨房
34A
a pen支钢笔 a dog条狗 a key钥匙 a ball pen支圆珠笔 a tiger支老虎 a purse钱包 a pencil支铅笔 a fan扇子 a storybook事书 a book书 a cat猫 a tape修正带 a car 辆汽车 a bike 辆行车 a kite 风筝 a bus辆公汽车 a ruler尺 a rubber块橡皮 a pencil case铅笔袋 a tiger老虎 a panda熊猫 a desk张课桌 a shop家商店a pair of shoes 双鞋子 a sweater 件毛衣a jacket 件茄克衫 big small long 长 short 短 one two 二 three 三 four 四 five 五 six 六 seven七 eight八 nine 九 ten 十 eat 吃 drink 喝 write 写 read 读 close 关闭 open 开 tired 疲劳累 ill 病 cold 冷 hungry 饥饿 thirsty渴
44B
a student 学生 a teacher 老师 a doctor 医生a nurse 护士 a boy 男孩 a girl 女孩 a man 男a woman 女 new 新 grandfather (外)祖父 grandmother (外)祖母 father 父亲 mother 母亲 brother 兄弟 sister 姐妹 an eye 眼睛 a mouth张嘴 white白色 a skirt条短裙 a friend朋友 a policeman警察 a policewoman女警察 a waiter男服务员 a waitress女服务员 a driver司机a worker工 an engineer位工程师 a farmer 农民a postman邮递员 a cook厨师 apples苹果 an apple苹果 oranges桔子 an orange桔子bananas香蕉 a banana香蕉 peaches桃子 a peach桃子grapes葡萄a grape 粒葡萄watermelons西瓜a watermelon西瓜pears梨 a pear梨 somea station车站a hospital家医院a supermarket家超级市场by train坐火车 by plane坐飞机 by taxi坐出租汽车 on foot步行please请chip油炸土豆条 noodle面条 sweet糖果chocolate巧克力 tea茶 coffee咖啡 juice汁液a pie 馅饼a chair张椅子 a blackboard块黑板 a computer台计算机a picture张图画 a bookcase书架(橱) an office办公室a playground片操场 a classroom教室 oura knife刀a plate盘子a glass玻璃杯a cup杯子a bottle瓶子 a table张桌子 a fridge冰箱 an egg蛋(数名词) bread面包 rice米米饭
55A
day()天白天 all全部a reading room间阅览室 sure握 floor(楼房)层面板 a garden花园 a house 间房子 a flower朵花 live居住生活 a study书房 a bedroom间卧室 large beside……旁边 a wall面墙 between……中间(两者)间 a bed张床 under……面 behind……面 a door扇门 a lesson 课a song首歌 sing唱唱歌 dance跳舞 play演奏 learn学学会 listen听 swim游泳 make 做制造ride骑(马行车) put放摆 can a family家庭 things东西物品 a vase花瓶 a horse马 a chicken鸡 a duck鸭子 a pig猪 evenings晚 need需 work工作劳动 a candle 支蜡烛morning早晨午 ring（铃钟等）响 sweep扫扫 Maths数学sleep睡觉 run 跑奔跑 walk步行散步 jump 跳跃 say说 chess棋laugh笑笑 a newspaper张报纸 class课（学校里）班 perhapsa tent帐篷 a pot锅a towel条毛巾 a hill 座山children孩子童 fat胖 thin瘦show出示……over结束a square 正方形 a star星形星形物 us（宾格） fly飞放（风筝飞机模型等） art艺术美术 teach教教书 the moon月亮 paper纸 a heart心心形物 a shape形状 a circle圆圈 the sun太阳 help…with帮助… wash clothes洗衣服
65B
Monday 星期 Tuesday 星期二 Wednesday星期三Thursday星期四 Friday星期五 a week星期（周）Chinese 汉语中文中国 Science 科学然科学Computer Studies 计算机课程 English 英语英国英国a subject 门学科（科目）interesting 趣a headache 头疼 a cough 咳嗽a fever 发烧a cold 伤风 lunch 午餐 speak 说讲(义词：say) bad 坏严重(反义词：good) get 变购买feel 感觉觉 now 现 a stamp 张邮票 a coin 硬币 a ship 艘船an animal 动物 a classmate 位班学 collect收集beautiful 美丽漂亮 hobbies(复数) 业余爱 collect stamps 收集邮票 collect coins 收集硬币go shopping 购物 take photos 拍 make clothes做衣服an email 封电子邮件 write an email写封电子邮件a town 城镇 busy 忙(碌)age 年龄 usually 通常 well fast 快快high 高高 run fast 跑快 jump high 跳高time时间次 left左 right右 stop停止touch触摸接触an arm手臂 a hand手 a leg条腿 a foot脚a face张脸 a game游戏次赛half半半night夜夜间 on duty值日 past a quarter刻钟四分 quick快() ready准备 really真正确实 talk谈话讲话 spend度 weekend周末 very非常learn…from……学sport体育运 often常常常of course然catch抓住捉住 an ant蚂蚁 a bee蜜蜂 a butterfly蝴蝶 a visitor位参观者位访者UK英国联合王国 visit参观访问British英国 the Great Wall长城 USA美国 American美国Japan日Japanese日日语 France法国 French法国法语
76A
stop停止 mean意思意指 should应应该 must必须应 shouldn’tshould not应 litter乱丢杂物 park停放（汽车）danger危险 March三月 April四月 May 五月 June六月 July七月 when什时候时 ago 前 as作做 ago 前 moment瞬间片刻 a date日期 a birthday生日 a present 份礼物 excited激动兴奋 exciting令激动令兴奋 a race次竞赛 plant种植 milk挤牛奶 a cow 头母牛 taste品尝 pull up…拔 a festival节日 a gate扇门answer回答答复 ask问请求people last刚 in front of …前面 take photos拍 look for寻找 just now刚 (a moment ago) pull up…拔 have a good time愉快 Children’s Day童节 National Day国庆节 Spring Festival春节New Year’s Day元旦
86B
than young年轻old年老heavy 重light 轻tall高strong 强壮low低 fish鱼钓鱼 slow慢late晚 stop停车站along着street街街道post office邮局weather天气spring春季summer夏季hot热autumn秋季cold冷winter冬季plan计划算 picnic野餐 play(戏剧)演出
be good at善长 turn left左转 turn right右转 post office邮局 get on 车 get off车 take part in参加…参… write a letter写（封）信 penfriend 笔友also glue胶水
二学英语短语汇总
a new student 新学生
a new teacher新老师
I’m new here 新
Welcome to our school 欢迎学校
excuse me 扰
the boy in the tree 树男孩
let me see
come down
climb trees 爬树
in the zoo 动物园里
come here
the man over there 边男
good evening 晚
at a party聚会
my brother 弟弟哥哥
the boy with big eyes眼睛男孩
nice to meet you 见高兴
the one in the white skirt 穿着白色短裙
which one
the man with a big mouth嘴巴男
the one in red穿红衣服
the girl with a small nose 鼻子女孩
the woman with long hair长头发妇女
be late for school学迟
the boy with big ears 耳朵男孩
the one in the green shirt 穿着绿色衬衫男
in the car 汽车里
my good friend朋友
her small eye眼睛
a big nose鼻子
You’re right
an old woman 老太太
buy fruit 买水果
some grapes 葡萄
how many kilos 少公斤
three kilos三公斤
I’d like 想
Here you are
these apples苹果
those oranges桔子
these or those
Can I help you效劳 (营业员语)
by taxi坐出租车
on foot 步行
go by taxi 坐出租车
go to the theatre剧院
go there
go to the Great Wall长城
go to the supermarket超市
this train for Shanghai海火车
the plane for Beijing 北京航班
good idea 意
play football 踢足球
in the school 学校
be free 空
go to school by bike 骑行车学校
at a snack bar家吃店(快餐店)里
how about 样
some noodles 面条
Something to drink喝东西
something to eat吃东西
orangeapple juice 桔汁苹果汁
Anything else 东西
a cup of coffee tea 杯咖啡茶
a glass of milk juice杯牛奶果汁
some chocolate 巧克力
some sweets糖果
some water 水
play basketball 篮球
some cakes 蛋糕
get up 起床
have some juice 喝点果汁
What would you like 什
open day 接日
our classroom教室
watch TV电视
big and bright明亮
in your classroom 教室里
in class课
near the window窗
some songbooks歌
on the piano钢琴
lots of books许书
in the library图书馆里
in the playground 操场
On the chair椅子
on the table桌
open the blue box 开蓝色盒子
in the cupboard 碗柜里
on the table桌
in the fridge冰箱里
on the sofa 沙发
use chopsticks 筷子
I’d like to try 想试试
a pair of chopsticks 双筷子
Let me try again 试试
in my classroom 教室里
Good idea意
the first day of the new term 新学期第天
all the students 学生
at school 学校
see each other 互相见面
a new building 座新楼
a lot of 许
I’m not sure 确定
go and see
have a look
how many 少
near your house 房子附
on the plate 盘子里
her parents 父母
near her school 学校附
very much 非常
some dolls 洋娃娃
on the wall 墙
a map of the world 幅世界图
a map of China 幅中国图
behind the door 门
in the basketball 篮子里
under the bed 床
on my chair 椅子
in the cat’s mouth猫嘴里
look happy 起快乐
at a Music lesson 节音乐课
two o’clock in the afternoon 午两点钟
in the music room 音乐室里
have a music lesson 节音乐课
sing a song 唱首歌唱歌
follow me着
sing together起唱
make a puppet做木偶
make a model plane做飞机模型做模型飞机
play the violin拉提琴
play the guitar弹吉
play the piano弹钢琴
put a book on your head 头放书
have an ice cream 吃冰淇淋
after class 课
play basketball 篮球
a Halloween party 万圣节聚会
What do they need 需什？
like masks 喜欢面具
a pumpkin lantern 南瓜灯
What else do you need 需什？
Here’s your change 零钱
some sweets 糖果
on Saturdays and Sundays 周六周日
like swimming 喜欢游泳
play table tennis with friends 朋友乒乓
watch TV 电视
listen to music 听音乐
read the book 读书
open the door开门
write the new words写新单词
read the book读书
draw a picture画幅画
drink the water喝水
this red vase红色花瓶
in the picture图片里
eat the noodles吃面条
put the flowers in the vase花放花瓶里
play computer games电脑游戏
do housework 做家务
Sunday morning 星期天午
at home 家
Are you free now 现空？
sweep the floor 扫擦板
clean the windows 擦窗户
do homework 做家庭作业
help me with my Maths 帮助学数学
this afternoon 天午
wash clothes 洗衣服
make a cake 做蛋糕
see you this afternoon 天午见
come and help me 帮
sit on the chair 坐椅子
how about 样
after school 放学
three o’clock in the afternoon 午三点钟
look for 寻找
help you 帮助
in the playground 操场
play basketball 篮球
go and join them 加入
go to the playground操场
study in the library 图书馆学
clean the library 扫图书馆
read a newspaper 报纸
read a magazine 杂志
play chess 棋
play cards 扑克
play with a yoyo 玩溜溜球
sit on a football 坐足球
eat the food 吃食物
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
clean the study 扫书房
on the kite 风筝
all busy 忙
a camping trip 次日野营旅行
their teachers 学生
near the hill 山附
a camping site 野营营
a big tent 帐篷
a tin of chicken 罐头鸡肉
a tin of fish 罐头鱼肉
over there 边
two new blankets 两条新毛毯
a box of chocolate 盒巧克力
some fruit 水果
in the fridge 冰箱里
an Art lesson 节美术课
look at the blackboard 着黑板
fly a kite 放风筝
draw a circle 画圆
show us how to draw it 画
on the paper 纸
make a card 做张卡片
many circles 许圆形
节体育课 a PE lesson
操场 in the playground
节体育课 have a PE lesson
指令 follow the orders
发出指令 give the orders
站成排 stand in a line
做锻炼 do some exercise
up and down
跳 jump up and down
仔细听 listen carefully
十次 ten times
左转turn left
右转turn right
做十次do this ten times
…放… put …on
…放…里面 put…in
仰躺 lie on one’s back
抬起 lift up
……触摸 touch…with
右手 right hand
天 every day
忙碌天 a busy day
晚 at night
值日 on duty
快点 be quick
场足球赛 a football game
电视 watch TV
吃晚饭 have supper
扫图书馆 clean the library
做作业 do one’s homework
加入 join us
开始课 classes begin
洗衣服 wash clothes
周末 at the weekends
周末spend one’s weekends
谈 talk about
星期五午 on Friday afternoon
放学 after school
网 surf the Internet
学英语 learn English from me
听音乐 listen to music
家at home
荡秋千 play on the swings
做家务 do housework
然 of course sure
卡通watch cartoons
抓昆虫 catch insects
抓蝴蝶 catch butterflies
朋友our good friends
学 a Primary School
树 in the treeon the tree
瓶子里in bottles
英语俱乐部the English Club
国家different countries
居住纽约 live in New York
说英语 speak English
教英语 teach English
城市 a big city
读书 read books
参观中国 visit China
日参观者Japanese visitors
英国朋友an English friend
发邮件 write an email
写信write a letter
乒乓play table tennis
居住live in
镇 a small town
相年龄 the same age
学校 at school
周周五 from Monday to Friday
声说 speak loudly
跑快 run fast
跳高 jump high
走路心walk carefully
安静坐sit quietly
跳舞跳美dance beautifully
拍 take photos
购物 go shopping
收集邮票 collect stamps
收集中国邮票collect Chinese stamps
种花 grow flowers
做衣服make clothes
洗衣服wash clothes
Ben爱 Ben’s hobby
爱 some hobbies
许漂亮邮票many beautiful stamps
出示……show…to…
动物邮票 animal stamps
花园里 in the garden
做饭 cook food
浇花 water the flowers
相爱 the same hobby
次电话通话a telephone call
午饭 after lunch
呆床stay in bed
严重咳嗽a bad cough
吃药take some medicine
医生go to see a doctor
张开嘴open your mouth
休息have a good rest
错电话 wrong number
新学期 a new term
星期午Monday morning
星期午on Monday morning
学生 her students
第节课the first lesson
欢迎回学校 welcome back to school
什科目what subjects
八门课eight subjects
八节课eight lessons
周in a week
立刻马at once
家his family
感觉病feel ill
日from Japan
No smoking 禁止吸烟
No littering禁止扔杂物
No parking禁止停车
No eating and drinking 禁止吃喝
keep off the grass接草坪
Be quiet保持安静
Do not touch摸
climb trees爬树
go to the park公园
go home回家
have an ice cream吃冰激凌
have dinner吃饭
watch TV电视
play computer games 玩电脑游戏
go to bed睡觉
a lot of \ a lot量许
public signs公标志
on the wall墙
stay away from…远离……
walk on the grass草走
he bird’s cage鸟笼
make noise发出噪音
take a walk散步
a tenyuan note 张十元钞票
look around四周
pick up捡起
a new student in Ben’s class 班位新学生
go home together起回家
after school放学
talk about谈关……
the third of March三月三日
your birthday生日
blow out吹灭
as a birthday present作生日礼物
birthday cake生日蛋糕
come to my birthday party 参加生日聚会
have a birthday party举办生日聚会
a VCD of Japanese cartoons 张日卡通光盘
open the door 开门
make a birthday card 做张生日贺卡
take off脱
Sports Day运动日
all the students学生
very exciting非常令兴奋
look for寻找
a running race场赛跑
let me see
a moment ago just now刚
on the ground
pick them up for me 帮捡起
in front of ……前面
a pair of glasses副眼镜(单数)
a roll of film卷胶卷(单数)
three diaries三日记
a pair of earphones副耳机(单数)
listen to music 听音乐
yesterday evening 昨天晚
under the table桌子面
close your eyes 闭眼睛
play a game 玩游戏
National Day（国庆日）
the National Day holiday（国庆假期）
last week last year星期年
after the holiday（假期）
go to school early（早学） early – late
in the school playground（学校操场）
before class（课前） before – after
a funny cartoon （部趣卡通片）
visit a farm with my family （家起参观农场）
on the farm（农场里）
water trees（浇树）
pull up carrots（拔胡萝卜）
milk cows（挤牛奶）
collect eggs（收集鸡蛋）
fruit trees（果树）
pick a lot of oranges摘许橘子
taste them（品尝）
go to the farm（农场）
at the weekends（周末）
watch cartoons（动画片）
visit the zoo（参观动物园）
play volleyball排球
clean the house（扫房子）
visit Liu Tao’s grandparents拜访刘涛祖父母
camping trip（野营旅行）
at a camp（营）
cook a lot of food（做许食物）
play a lot of games（玩许游戏）
go camping（野营）
have a good time（玩高兴）
come after ……
New Year's Day 元旦
on New Year's Day 元旦
at Christmas 圣诞节
go to parties 参加聚会
have a big lunch 吃顿丰盛午餐
at Spring Festival 春节
What do people usually do at Spring Festival 通常春节干什？
visit their relatives and friends 拜访亲戚朋友
eat lots of delicious food吃许美味食物
last Spring Festival 春节
of course 然
my favourite holiday 喜爱节日
in October 十月
dress up in costumes 戏服装扮
last Halloween 年万圣节
eat moon cakes 吃月饼
play with lanterns 玩灯笼
watch the moon赏月
on different holidays 节日
last year 年
at Easter 复活节
listen to him 听讲
in the grass 草丛中
a popular holiday 流行节日
in China 中国
in January or February 月二月
eat rice dumplings 吃粽子
like to play with lanterns喜欢玩灯笼
eat chocolate eggs 吃巧克力蛋
make pumpkin lanterns制作南瓜灯笼
give presents to your friends 礼物朋友
go to Beijing 北京
this afternoon 天午
play with balloons 玩气球
sing and dance唱歌跳舞
meet Helen in the playground 操场遇见海伦
visit a farm with my parents 父母亲起参观农场
play with friends 朋友玩
watch the dragon boat races 观龙舟赛
on Christmas Day 圣诞日 Jim's family 吉姆家
in his grandparent's house爷爷奶奶房子里
Christmas trees 圣诞树
the presents under the Christmas tree 圣诞树礼物
so many
from grandmother 祖母
open it for me 开
like drinking tea 喜欢喝茶
Christmas presents 圣诞礼物
at Jim's house 吉姆家
draw and write in the diary 日记画写
go to the supermarket 超市
sit at the back of the bus 坐公汽车面
get off 车
the seat in front of me 前面座位
the woman beside him 旁边妇女
walk to the driver 走驾驶员
after lunch 午餐
You are welcome 谢
write his diary 写日记
under the seat 座位面
open the presents 开礼物
6B词组纳
散步 go for a walk
高兴见… be glad to see
聊天 have a chat
双胞胎姐妹 twin sisters
起 look the same
10年 ten years older than
20分钟 twenty minutes younger than
唯孩子 the only child
试试 try again
擅长英语 be good at English
擅长唱歌 be good at singing
…做 do well in
体育需帮助 need help with PE
拉？ What’s wrong What’s the matter
位篮球运动员 a good basketball player
事实 That’s true
男孩中 some of the boys
班里 in my class
担心 Don’t worry
做更锻炼 do more exercise
变更强壮 get stronger
起早 get up early
慢跑学校 jog to school
玩球类运动 play ball games
开始课 start our lesson
读新单词 read the new words
all of us
学迟 be late for school
be from come from
历史博物馆路 the way to the History Museum
认识路 know the way
样达 how to get there
告诉 tell me
着街走 walk along the street
第四十字路口左拐 turn left at the fourth crossing
右边 on you right
远 how far
错 miss it
五公里远 five kilometres away
段长距离 a long walk
五分钟 every five minutes
六天 every six days
邮局 go to the post office
中山路 on Zhongshan Road
街 in the street
5路车 take bus No5
电影院前 in front of the cinema
第二车站车 get off at the second stop
达购物中心 get to the shopping centre
关动物书 a book about animals
跑出商店 run out of the shop
帮助 come to help
着街跑run along the street
开始跑 start to run
回钱包 get my purse back
跳高 high jump
跳远 long jump
星期 next week
（）年 for one year
知道天气 know the weather
纽约天气 the weather in New York
夏天 in summer
季节 the best season
乡 in the countryside
听起错 Sounds great
数时间 most of the time
季节 which season
喜欢春天 like spring best
堆雪 make snowmen make a snowman
冬天需温暖衣服 need warm clothes for winter
树木变绿 the tree turn green
课课 have school
周末计划 their plans for the weekend
京剧 see a Beijing opera
加入 join us
花园剧院 the Garden Theatre
便问问 by the way
明天午 tomorrow afternoon
音乐会 at the concert
Jim起 come with Jim
远足 go on an outing
野餐 have a picnic
演出 see a play
参加歌唱赛 take part in a singing contest
运动会 sports meeting
位学生 a primary school student
金陵学 at Jinling Primary School
第二中学 No 2 Middle School
节室外活动课 have a class outing
班级课题 for class project
什动物 what animal
回家 come home
昨天午 yesterday afternoon
读关昆虫… read about insects
报纸 in the news paper
想位笔友 want a penfriendwould like a penfriend
书写纸some writing paper
干什？ What for
写封信 write a letter
写信奶奶 write to my grandma
成朋友 be good friends
爱 have the same hobby
希 I hope so
告诉…关… tell…about…
喜欢科目 favourite subject
电子邮件址 email address
瓶胶水 a bottle of glue
科目 some other subjects
学毕业 finish primary school
中学 go to middle school
关件事 everything about you
祝 With best wishesBest wishes
五 five of us
澳利亚 be from Australia come from Australia
睡觉…晚 go to bed later than
better than all of us
…样高 as tall as
…样跑快 run as fast as
…飞低 fly lower than
1短语纳
a a little(点) a lot（非常） a lot of（许） lots of(许) a bottle of(盒……) a piece of(张片……) a cup of (杯……) a glass of(玻璃杯……) all right（行错） most of(部分……) plenty of(量)
be be good for(……说) be bad for(……说) be going to(做……) be good at(……方面出色) be late for(……迟) between…and …(……两者间) both…and… (两着……)
come come from(……) Come in(进) Come on 呀快呀) Come with me() different from(……) of course(然)
Do do one’s homework(做家庭作业) do housework(做家务) do some reading(读书) on duty9(值日) do morning exercises(做早操)
get get down() get up(起床) get on with(……方面进展) get home(家) get to school(校)
go go boating(划船) go swimming(游泳) go running(跑步) go walking(散步) go shopping(购物) go skating(滑冰) go skiing(滑雪) go fishing(钓鱼) go sightseeing(游览观光) go climbing(爬山) go home(回家) go to school(学) go to work(班) go straightdownonalong(直走) go along(着……直走)
have have breakfast(吃早餐) have lunch(吃午饭) have supper(吃晚饭) have dinner(吃正餐) have a class(课) have a look() have got() have a good appetite(胃口食欲强) have a picnic(野餐)
how how many(少) how much{少(数名词)} how old(岁) how often(久次)
look look at(……) look like(起象) very much(非常) in English(英语)
put put into(……放……) put on(穿……) put …away…(……放收起)
take take (good) care of(爱护关心顾保) take photos(相) take a bath(洗澡) take exercise(进行锻炼进行练)
2动词短语
fly a kite(放风筝) ride a bike(骑行车) play a game(做游戏) throw …away(……扔掉) turn on(开……) stand up(站起) sing a song(唱歌) ask a question(问问题) run away(流走跑走) look forward to(盼) try to(尝试做……) be angry with(……生气) divided by(……) come to(合计) collect coins(收集硬币) climb up to the mountainhill…(爬山) by the way(便问问)
time短语in the morning(早) in the afternoon(午) in the evening(晚) Good morning afternooneveningnight(早午晚晚安) for hours(持续……时) for an hour(持续时) At this time of day（天时候）five minutes past nine(九点零五分) quarter past nine(九点十五分) quarter to nine(差十五分九点) all day（整天） on SundayMondayTuesdayWednesdayThursdayFridaySaturday(星期天星期星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六) Midautumn Festival(中秋节) Spring Festival(春节) National Day(国庆节) Children’s Day(童节) New Year(新年) Women’s Day(妇女节) May Day(劳动节) Teachers’ Day(教师节) Party’s Birthday(生日)
3noun短语
family tree(家族谱) favourite food drinkscoloursubject (喜爱食物) paint brush(画笔) an office worker(办公室文员) class teacher(班) an old…(件老旧……) years old(…岁) the high jump(跳高) the long jump(跳远) a map of Chinathe UK…(张中国英国……图) email address(电子邮箱址) telephone number(电话号码)
交通手段on foot(走路) by buscarshipplaneundergroundbike(公汽车轿车轮船飞机铁行车)
4介词短语
at the beginning of(……开始) at the end of(…结尾结束) at the weekend(周末) on the weekdays(工作日) in front of (…前面) in the front of(……物品前面) in the middle of (……中间) next to(……旁边) at the gate of(……门) on the floor(板) on the …( ) floor(第层楼) on the ground floor(楼) at home(家) at school(学校) over there(里边) in the sun(阳光) from…to…(…………) turn rightleft(右左转) on the left(左边) on the right(右边) to the eastwestnorthsouth of(……东西北南方) from the leftright(左右) kilometersmetres away(离……千米米远) in Class One(班) in Grade Six(六年级)
5句子
Please say hello to…for me(宾格)名{请代()……问} Here it is() Here they are() Here you are() Nice to meet you(高兴见) Nothing much(没什) Not at all(没关系) Shall we…{(建议)……} I’ll take it(买) It’s time to …(做……时候) It’s time for…(……时候) Excuse me(起扰) See you(见) welcome to …(欢迎……) You’re welcome(客气) What about…(……呢) How do you do{ (初次见面答句相) How do you like…(觉……样) It doesn’t matter(没关系) That’s a pity(真糟糕) Never mind(紧) And you （呢）Happy birthday(生日快乐)
方建筑post office(邮局) police station(警察局) train station(火车站) sports stadium(型露天运动场) department store(百货商场) kinds of (种类) the Children’s Home(少年家) primary school(学) middle school(中学)
三词法类练汇总
1写出完全形式
1who's who is 2she's she is 3he's he is 4what's what is
5 where’s where is 6we're we are 7you're you are 8that's that is
9 I'm I am 10 isn't is not 11aren't are not 12they're they are
13don't do not 14let's let us 15 can’t can not 16 it's it is
17 I’ve I have 18 I’d I would 19 hasn’t has not
2写出列单词复数形式
1bus buses 2box boxes 3glass glasses 4class classes
5watch watches 6mango mangoes 7firefly fireflies 8sheep sheep
9people people 10man men 11woman women 12apple apples
13family families 14library libraries 15baby babies 16boy boys
17toy toys 18child children 19foot feet 20strawberry strawberries
21horse horse 22policeman policemen 23dress dresses 24 fish fish
25tooth teeth 26country countries 27 foot feet 28dragonfly dragonflies
29me us 30building buildings 31 cloth clothes 32 this these
33 that those 34circle circles 35story stories
3反义词应词
1same different 2new old 3old young 4short long
5big small 6tall short 7yes no 8open close
9hot cold 10here there 11sit stand 12up down
13thin fat 14father mother 15right wrong 16black white
17this that 18these those 19boy girl 20 grandfather grandmother
21man woman 22husband wife 23aunt uncle 24brother sister
25 he she 26 left right 27 go come 28 nurse doctor
29 good bad 30 minus plus 31 his her 32 busy free
33 hand foot 34 legs arms
4义词
1 desk table 2 like love 3 often usually 4 start begin
5 great good
5音词
1 to too two 2 right write 3 no know 4 for four
5 hear here 6 I eye 7 see (C) sea 8 son sun
9 be (B) bee 10 there their 11 U you 12 Y why
13 by buy bye 14 pair pear 15 R are 16 whose who’s
17 aunt aren’t
6现分词
1 swim ( 现分词 ) swimming 2 come( 现分词 ) coming
3 dance (ing形式) dancing 4 ski (ing形式) skiing
5 sit (ing形式) sitting 6 fly (ing形式) flying
7 stay (ing形式) staying 8 travel (ing形式) travelling
9 cry (ing形式) crying 10 play (ing形式) playing
11 listen (ing形式) listening 12 collect (ing形式) collecting
13 make (ing形式) making 14 take (ing形式) taking
15 write (ing形式) writing 16 read(ing形式) reading
17 clean (ing形式) cleaning 18 sing (ing形式) singing
19 sweep (ing形式) sweeping 20 run (ing形式) running
7综合
1 study (第三称单数) studies 2 students(名词格)students’
3 sister(名词格)sister’s 4 two(序数词) second
5 have(第三称单数) has 6 cat (名词格) cat’s
7 Tom(名词格) Tom’s 8teacher(动词) teach
9 cry(第三称单数) cries 10Nancy(名词格) Nancy’s
11 can(否定式) can’t 12 good(较级)better
13catch(第三称单数) catches 14 wash (第三称单数)washes
15 quickly(形容词) quick 16 visit(名词) visitor
17 China(形容词) Chinese 18 French(名词) France
19 quiet(副词) quietly 20 one(序数词) first
21 cook(第三称单数) cooks 22 do(第三称单数) does
23 beautifully(形容词) beautiful 24 many (较级) more
25 Australian(名词) Australia 26 brush(第三称单数) brushes
27 work(名词)worker
8称代词
1 I (宾格) me 2you(宾格) you 3 he (宾格) him 4 she（宾格） her
5 I(复数) we 6 you (复数) you 7 hesheit (复数) they
8 we(宾格) us 9 you(宾格) you 10 they (宾格) them
11 I (形容词性物代词) my 12 you(形容词性物代词) your
13 he (形容词性物代词) his 14 she (形容词性物代词) her 15 they (形容词性物代词) their 16I(名词性物代词) mine
17 you (名词性物代词) yours 18 he (名词性物代词) his
19 she (名词性物代词) hers 20 we(名词性物代词) ours
21 you(名词性物代词) yours 22 they(名词性物代词) theirs
四话题语法汇总
话题
1字母
（）辨认书写序 Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz
元音字母：A a Ee Ii Oo Uu
半元音字母 Yy
书写容易错误字母：E F G M N d i p q x y
2数字
基数词序数词运计算购物等
基数词 One two three five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve thirteen fourteen fifteen… twenty twentyone… thirty forty fifty… eighty ninety onea hundred onea hundred and one… two hundred
序数词 first second third fourth fifth sixth seventh eighth ninth tenth eleventh twelfth… twentieth twentyfirst twentysecond twentythird twentyfour…thirtieth fortieth fiftieth… eightieth ninetieth…
相关句型
1) What’s thirty and forty That comes to seventy
2) What’s your telephone number My telephone number is 83555723
3) What time is it It’s half past ten
4) When do you usually get up At six thirtyfive
5) Where do you live I live at No48 Renmin Road
6) How old are you I’m twelve
7) How much does it cost It costs 50 yuan
8) How many cars have you got I have got 6 cars
9) How many birds can you see in the tree I can see 3
10) How many dolls are there on the bed There is onea doll
11) How many dolls are there on the bed There are four dolls
12) Which floor do you live on I live on the fifth floor
13) Excuse me can you tell me the way to Baiyun hotel
Yes go down this street then turn left at the third crossing…
14) Who’s the fifth girl from the right She’s my cousin
注意： 数词应 数名词量表示方法manymuch法
区there isarehavehas法区
3颜色
实物颜色
colours red pink（粉红） yellow brown grey（灰色）blue purple（紫色） orange
black white dark blue（深蓝） light blue（浅蓝）
相关句型
1) What colour is your coat It’s
2) What’s your favourite colour My favourite colour is …
4时间
年季节月星期日时刻
year season( spring summer autumn winter)
month January February March April May June July August September
October November December
Week Sunday Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday
Day 1st May (the first of May) May 2nd ( May the second)
Time (an) hour minute second
1005 (five minutes past ten ten o five)
1010 (ten minutes past ten ten ten)
1015 (quarter past ten ten fifteen)
1030 (half past ten ten thirty)
1045 (quarter to eleven ten fortyfive)
1100 (eleven o’clock)
相关句型
1) How old is your mother She’s thirtysix years old
2) How many months are there in a year There are 12
3) When’s your birthday My birthday is on 15th January ( the fifteenth of January)
4) When do you get up I get up at six o’clock
5) When does spring last It lasts for 3 months from March to May
6) What time is it It’s quarter to nine
5食品饮料
食品饮料喜东西方食品
food meat rice fish bread egg…
drinks water milk orange juice coke coffee…
相关句型
1) Would you like something to drinkeat Yes I’d like some…No thanks
2) Would you like to eatdrink… I’d like to eatdrink…No thanks
3) What’s your favourite fooddrinks My favourite fooddrink is …
4) Could I have some… Yes please
6服装
服装颜色服装喜某穿戴 属关系
clothes hat cap coat shirt Tshirt skirt dress sweater jacket trousers sock shoe
put on wear
属关系 形容词性物代词my your his her its our their
名词性物代词 mine yours his hers its ours theirs
相关句型
1) What does it look like It likes wearing a blue shirt
2) Whose shoes are these They’re mine They’re Tom’s
3) Is this thatit your book Yes it is No it isn’t
4) Is this pencil yours Yes it is No it isn’t
5) Are these thosethey your coats and trousers Yes they are No they aren’t
6) Are those clothes theirs Yes they are No they aren’t
7) This is my hat That hat is his
注意： 名词单复数物代词（名词性物代词形容词性物代词）名词格：Tom’s my father’s the teachers’
7玩具文具
特点颜色属关系存位置
Toys doll toy…
文具 desk book bag pen pencil pencilbox ruler chair ball
存位置 in on under beside behind in front of in the front of in the middle of at the back of…(a placea person)
相关句型
1) There is a cup of tea on the table
2) There are some oranges in the fridge
3) Is there any milk in the glass Yes there is No there isn’t
4) Are there any oranges in the fridges Yes there are No there aren’t
5) What’s under the desk There is an oranges There are some oranges
8日常生活品
特点颜色属关系存位置
words shelf table clock brush telephone light computer bike fridge glass knife
keyboard bottle box plate photo photograph fax radio supermarket
特点 big small heavy light white black empty full old new beautiful cute tall short strong plump nice good bad…
9动物
家畜家禽农场动物动物园野生动物特点生活点属关系
words(animals) cat dog duck goose (geese) fish sheep bird panda monkey rabbit hen cock chick tiger lion pig cow mouse (mice)
生活点：at home in a farm in a zoo …
属关系：话题（7）
10植物
特点属关系存位置
words tree rose flower leave (leaves) …
11环境建筑
特点属关系存位置
buildings factory hospital park house library museum office farm post office bank police station train station sports stadium department store store school classroom house bathroom livingroom sittingroom bedroom kitchen garden…
房子基构造： door gate wall window floor…
相关句型
1) Where do you study at I study at Longdong Primary School
2) Where does your mother work at She works at a hospital
3) Let’s meet at the gate of the park
4) My brother is playing in the garden
12身体
特点
body head hair eye nose ear mouth neck shoulder hand fingerfoot(feet) toe…
外貌 fat thin plump tall short old young round face two big blue eyes long
hair short hair black hair white hair…
相关句型
1) I’m You’re He’sShe’s We’re They’re (not) tall
2) Is heshe tall or short He’s She’s tall (short)
3) IWeTheyYou have (got) black hair
4) HeShe has ( got ) a round face
5) Has heshe got long hair Yes heshe hasNo heshe hasn’t
注意：描述外貌时havehas法区 形容词法 tall short old young black long…
13情况
姓名年龄址特点爱
age year address email address hobby
hobby collecting stamps(coins) going swimming… doing sth
相关句型
1) How old are you I’m thirteen years old
2) I’m a thirteenyear old boy
3) What’s your address I live at No48 Renmin road
4) What’s your email address My email address is 123VIP@126com
5) What’s your hobby My hobby is going running Or I like going running
6) I You They like music
7) He likes sightseeing
8) Do you like reading Yes I do No I don’t
9) Does he she like playing basketball Yes heshe does No heshe doesn’t
注意： 描述喜时：名词动词 ing 形式作宾语 语第三称单数时般现时动词变化
动词ing变化规律：
1）直接加ing ： openopening cleancleaning meetmeeting singsinging studystudying …
2）掉词尾发音e ：taketaking closeclosing comecoming drivedriving havehaving useusing writewriting practicepracticing …
3）重读闭音节双写字母加 ing ： sitsitting putputting beginbeginning getgetting swimswimming runrunning cutcutting becomebecoming …
语第三称单数时般现时动词变化规律(名词变复数规律相)：
1） 直接加s ：cookcooks comecomes closecloses…
2)o x s sh ch 结尾+es teachteaches gogoes dodoes catchcatches washwashes brushbrushes missmisses …
3）辅音字母加y结尾y改i +es ：flyflies worryworries carrycarries …
4）ffe结尾ffe改v+es
5）特殊：havehas …
14家庭亲属朋友
姓名年龄址特点爱：关系
words family grandfather(grandpagranddad) grandmother(grandmagrand mum) father mother brother sister uncle aunt cousin friend
相关句型
1) Is heshe Tom’s cousin Yes heshe isNo heshe isn’t
2) Who’s heshe He’sShe’s my friend
3) How many people are there in your family Who are they
There are four my father my mother my brother and me
注意： 1）名词单复数：familyfamilies
名词单数复数规律
1）直接加s ： boyboys termterms
2) o x s sh ch 结尾+es boxboxes classclasses glassglasses coachcoaches dressdresses faxfaxes inchinches matchmatches
3） 辅音字母加y结尾y改i +es ：babybabies ladyladies factoryfactories peachpeaches librarylibraries watchwatches
4） ffe结尾ffe改v+es leafleaves knifeknives wifewives shelfshelves …
5） 特殊 manmen policemanpolicemen womanwomen childchildren goosegeese toothteeth footfeet
6) 变 hair milk tea coffee water bread rice paper juice meat people fish sheep …
2） 名词格表明谁 ： my cousin’s his parents’
构成规： 单数名词+ ’s Mike’s mother
复数名词词尾+ ’Teachers’ Da教师节
两时者+ ’s
Jim and Tom’s mother吉姆汤姆母亲
两者两者+ ’s
Jim’s and Tom’s mother吉姆母亲汤姆母亲
名词生命格构成of
a map of China幅中国图
15学校
学校建筑学校生活
words school building classroom dormitory playground library…
subjects Chinese maths English music computer PE art biology politics history meeting geography…
相关句型
1) What’s your favourite subject English
2) Where’s the library It’s behind the dormitory
3) When do you go to school At 720
4) When does Chinese begin on Monday At Eight o’clock
5) Does geography begin at twenty to ten on MondayYes it does No it doesn’t
6) We’re having an English class
16社交礼仪
礼貌语询问应答
1Greetings Hello Hi Good morningafternoonevening
How are you Fine thanks And you
Please say hello to your parents for me
2 Introduction My name is … I’m a pupil I’m new here
This is MrMrsMiss White
Hello nice to meet you
3 Farewells GoodbyeByebyeBye
See you thentomorrow
Good night
It’s late I must go home now
Thanking for coming
4 Thanks Thank you (very much)You’re welcomeNot at all
5 apologies Sorry I’m sorry That’s all right Excuse me
6 Incitation Will you go shopping with me
Would you like to go I’d love to Thank you
7 Asking for permission May I have an apple
Could Can I use your bike Sure Certainly Yes of course Yes do please
8 Expressing wishes Happy birthday Thank you
9 Offering help Can I help you What can I do for you
10 Making appointments Are you free tomorrow What about tomorrow afternoon
Let’s meet at the gate at 750
Shall we visit the museum
11 Hello May I speak to Kate SpeakingIt’s Kate hereWho’s thisthat please
12 Taking meals Would you like something to eatdrink
Would you like some fishmeat
13 Shopping Can I help you sir
What can I do for you sir
What about this one
Do you like this one
I want I’d like some oranges
How much is the shirt are the socks
It’s to small Two kilos please
I’ll take it
14 Asking the way Excuse me Where is the Guangzhou Library
Can you tell you me the way to the Garden Hotel please
Can I take this bus to Beijing Road
Is there a hotel near here It’s over there Turn rightleft
17国家城市
理位置特点
Countries China Japan America (the USA) English( the UK) Australia Russia Canada Italy India France
Nationalities Chinese Japanese American Englishman Australian Russian Canadian Italian Indian French
相关句型
1) Where’s Japan It’s to the east of China
2) Where does your friend come from She comes from English
3) Where are they from They’re from Russia
4) What country do you from I come from China
5) What country is he from He’s from France
6) What language does she speak She speaks French
7) What language do they speak They speak Chinese
18天气
气候特征
weather hot cold cool warm sun shine sunny rain heavy rain light rain rainy wind strong wind windy snow heavy snow light snow snowy cloud cloudy…
temperature 15 ( fifteen degrees centigrade) 0 (zero degree centigrade) 5 (minus degrees centigrade)…
相关句型
1) What’s the weather like in spring It’s warm rainy and wet
2) What will the weather be like there It will be sunny
3) Is it snowing Yes it is a snowy day
4) Will there be cloudy Yes there will
5) The sun is shining
6) I like taking a warm bath
19节日
节日特点节日活动
festivals New Year’s Day Spring Festival Women’s Day April foolish Day May Day Mother’s Day Children’s Day Father’s Day Party’s Day Army’s Day Midautumn Festival Teachers’ Day National Day Thanks Giving Day Christmas Day
New Year’s Day 1st January
Spring Festival It’s the Chinese New Year It’s the first day of the Chinese year It’s a very special festival for all Chinese people It is usually at the end of January or the beginning of February in late January or early February The children can get lucky money
Women’s Day It’s on 8th March
April Foolish Day on 1st April on this day people can play jokes to their friends
May Day 1st May laborers’ day
Mother’s Day on the second Sunday of May
Children’s Day on June 1st
Father’s Day on the third Sunday in June
Party’s birthday in China it’s on 1st July
Army’s Day in China it’s on 1st August
Midautumn Festival on 15th August of Chinese lunar calendar In China people eat special cakes calls moon cakes and watch the full moon
Teachers’ Day on 10th September
National Day in China it’s at the beginning of October
Thanks Giving Day the last Thursday in November it’s American festival
Christmas Day December 25th
20方位
物位置问路应答
place in on at under near next to beside behind in front of in the front of in the middle (of ) back on the rightleft the second…person from the rightleft
A Excuse me Where’s the department store
Can you tell me the way to the Garden Hotel Please
Can I take this bus to Beijing Road
Is there a hotel near here
B It’s over there
Turn right left at the first crossing The hotel is on the rightleft
I’m sorry I don’t know
21正发生事情
现进行动作发生事 be doing something
1) I’mYou’reHe’s She’s We’reThey’re (not) working
2) Are you playing football Yes I amwe are
3) Is heshe taking exercise Yes heshe is No heshe isn’t
4) Are they going shopping Yes they are No they aren’t
5) What are you doing I’mWe’re cleaning the room
6) What’s heshe doing He’sShe’s having supper
7) What are they doing They’re reading
22日常生活
日常生活工作学活动 daily routine
get up brush one’s teeth wash one’s face make breakfast have breakfast go to schoolwork do morning exercises have classes play basketball play football run jump go home have lunch have supper do one’s homework watch TV do some reading take a bath go to bed
1) What time do you get up I usually get up at 6 o’clock
2) Shen Zhen often takes a bath at 9 o’clock in the morning
3) My mother is never late for work
23计划算
计划进行动作发生事 be going to do …
1) I’mYou’re He’sShe’s We’reThey’re (not) going to visit the museum
2) Are you going to swim Yes I amwe are No I’m notwe aren’t
3) Is heshe going to see Miss Wang Yes heshe is No heshe isn’t
4) What are you going to do tomorrow I’m We’re going to visit the farm
5) IYouHeSheTheyWe will go skiing
6) Are you going to be busy tomorrow Yes I amwe are
7) go swimming go shopping go climbing go skiing go walking go running go fishing go skating go sightseeing…
24力
进行动作发生事
1)IYouHeSheWeThey can(can’t) come here tomorrow
2)Can heshe visit the factory today Yes heshe can No heshe can’t
3)Can they go by bus Yes they can No they can’t
4)May I visit the factory this afternoon Yes of course SureCertainly
5)May I sit here Yes of courseplease do
注意 情态动词can法 can do (+动词原形)
学英语语法全
第章 名 词
定义
名词表示事物名称词表示具体东西表示抽象东西
二分类
1 名词根意义分普通名词专名词
：john is a student
student普通名词john专名词
普通名词前定冠词aan 定冠词the 加冠词专名词前般加冠词专名词首字母写
2 普通名词分体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词中体名词集体名词数名词物质名词抽象名称数名词
3 专名词
专名词表示名名团体机构组织等专名词独二事物
三名词数
1名词分数名词数名词
数名词——数名词
数名词——数清（没复数）
drinkmilk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
foodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2数名词定冠词a(an)连数数形式数名词定冠词a(an)连没复数形式
many+数名词复数
mucha little+数名词
some any a lot of (lots of) 两者修饰
3数名词直接数词修饰
数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词
数名词数量提问how many
数名词数量提问 how much
4数名词量两种表示方法：
1） some much a little a lot of a bit of plenty of 等表示少
注意数名词复数数名词连：plenty of some a lot of lots of most of 等
there is much water in the bottle 瓶中水
i'll tell you much good news告诉许消息
we should collect some useful information应该收集消息
2） 单位词表示
a of 表示
a cup of （ 杯）a bottle of （瓶）
a piece of （ 张）a pair of shoes（双鞋）
two cups of tea（两杯茶）five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词动词单复数形式取决单位词单复数形式千百等数词名词加表示复数时数词保持单数名词变复数
two hundred students（200名学生）
ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
测试点he caught a lot of fish抓许鱼（处许条鱼fish复数fishfishes）
he caught a lot of fishes
the paper is about some freshwater fishes篇文关种淡水鱼（处fish表示种类鱼加复数词尾es）
5数名词分单数复数
名词单数该词身前面加aan
1）单数
a desk（张桌子）
an old desk（张旧书桌）
2）复数：表示概念时名词复数形式
规变化
1）般情况加s
bookbooks（书） deskdesks（书桌）
2）s x ch sh结尾加es
boxboxes（盒子） busbuses(公汽车)
注意① th 结尾加s monthmonths
②stomachstomachs
3)辅音字母+结尾变yi加 es
citycities(城市) countrycountries(国家)
注意元音+y直接加s：daydays(天)boyboys(男孩)
4)ffe结尾复数变f fe v加es
knifeknives(书) halfhalves(半)
(thief wife life shelf knife leaf self half wolf)
注意①少数词直接加sroofroofs (屋顶)
5)o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词加es
tomatotomatoes(西红杮)
potatopotatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词加s
pianopianos (钢琴) zoozoos(动物园)
photophotos (片) kangarookangaroos(袋鼠)
kilokilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式：zerozeros zeroes(零)
规变化
1) 元音字母发变化
manmen(男) womanwomen(妇女)
toothteeth(牙齿) footfeet(脚)
mousemice(老鼠) policemanpolicemen(警察)
policewomanpolicewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化
childchildren(孩) oxoxen(公牛)
3) 单复数形式相
fishfish(鱼) sheepsheep(绵羊) deerdeer(鹿) chinesechinese(中国) yuanyuan(元) jinnjinn(斤)
注意 说an english说an englishman
①fish作鱼肉讲时数没复数
②fishes指种种类鱼指条鱼
4) 形似单数实复数意义
people()these people
(说a people说a person)
police(公安警察)ten police
(说a police说a policeman)
5) manwoman构成合成名词变复数名词manwoman变成复数
a man drivermen drivers(男司机)
a woman doctorwomen doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变复数时通常里面含体名词变复数
passerbypassersby(路)
bus driverbus drivers(汽车司机)
注意果没体名词词加s：
grownupgrownups(成年)
letterboxletterboxes (信箱)
注意①hairfruit通常作单数表示总体表示干根头发干种水果需两词复数形式
would you like some more fruit 吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market 市场买许水果
china has some good frits 中国水果(指种类)
she has a few white hairs 白头发
his black hair is going white 黑发逐渐变成灰白色
注意②wind snowrain类词时复数形式表示次风雪雨
注意boy girl开头复合名词变成复数时般名词变成复数
boy studentboy students(男学生)
girlfriendgirlfriends(女朋友)
7) 名词作复数
scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成复合名词复数形式通常简单名词样man(woman)改成men(women)
englishmanenglishmen(英国)
frenchwomanfrenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german复合词复数germans
四名词格
名词加表示关系带种词尾名词形式称该名词格
mary's father(玛丽父亲)
jim's mother(吉姆母亲)
格相带种词尾形式称普通格
1名词格构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾没s加's
tom's knife(汤姆刀)
children's books(童书籍)
2)表示样东西需名字加果表示需名字加
jim and mike's room吉姆麦克()房间
jim's and mike's rooms吉姆麦克()房间
3)名词已复数词尾s加'
the students' readingroom(学生阅览室)
everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night 晚需少8时睡眠(新目标英语九年级)
注意①格读音名词复数读音样
②名词格表示生命东西(特高级动物)名词
this is a woman's work 女干工作
this is a girls' school 女子学校
4)s结尾专名词构成格然加's加'读音iz
mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生书)
keats' works(济慈作品)
(1)表示时间距离名词
where is today's newspaper 天报纸？
an hour's walk isn't far 时路程远
(1) 生命东西名词国家城市季节太阳月亮江河海洋船等名词's表示关系
china's population(中国口)
the city's life(城市生活)
注意表示店铺某家时避免重复(前面已提)名词格面省略修饰名词
my uncle's(叔叔家) the doctor's(医生诊)
2短语格
生命名词's结构表示关系果生命名词+of+名词结构表示
the window of the house(间房子窗户)
注意's格表示事物类属性时of格：男式鞋应men'sshoes of men
3of +名词格
of +名词称双重格时注意项
1)表示部分时前面词定a an some any few two no several ()类修饰语onethe
说：a book of my brother's 兄弟书
说：books of my brother's book of my brother's
2)带感情色彩时the this that these those名词前
the pretty daughter of your sister's 姐姐漂亮女
did you read that book of lu xun's 读鲁迅书？
3)of 前面名词专名词
说：this is john of his uncle's
4)of 面名词必须特定
these books of my friend's are good 朋友书
5)of 面名词必须指名词
较说it is a leaf of the tree's
a picture of my father指爸爸片
注意of 格双重格时交意义甚区
a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car of betty's cars 换a car of bettyjim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now吉姆父亲汤姆父亲目前办公室
常口诀
表示民族名词口溜
（1）中日瑞友致
（2）英法联盟a变e
（3）律加s chinesejapanese单复数形englishmanfrenchman复数englishmenfrenchmengermanamericanaustralian等复数形式面加s
o结尾名词口溜
1）生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加es生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加s
生命：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negronegroes
生命：zoozoos radioradios photophotos pianopianos zerozeros bamboo（竹竿）bamboos tobacco（烟丝）tobaccos1）
2）两两菜火山（+es）
学—中学课中o结尾名词构成复数时加esnegro（黑）hero（英雄）potato（土豆）tomato（西红杮）volcano（火山）两两菜火山
：黑英雄吃土豆西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）余o结尾名词变复数时均加s
图景：zoo里见bamboo面挂着张photo架piano面放着台radio
zoozoos bamboobamboosphotophotos pianopianos radioradios
ffe结尾口溜
（1）f(e)结尾名词变复数时f(e)改v(e)加sf(e)结尾名词直接加s
妻子持刀宰狼偷吓发慌
躲架保命半片树叶遮目光 wife（妻子）knife（刀子）wolf（狼）thief（偷）shelf（架子）life（生命）leaf（树叶）self（）half（半）9名词变复数时改f(e)ve加s
(2)f结尾名词般f改ves特殊情况直接加s
gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief编成口诀联想：
海湾边屋顶首领农仆相
谁说信仰语气定手帕
巧记规名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅老鼠加虱婆
manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louselice
第二章 冠 词
定义
冠词种虚词身单独没词义名词前面(相名词帽子)帮助指明名词含义
二分类
3类：定冠词（the definite article）定冠词（the indefinite article）零冠词（zero article）
三法
1定冠词法
a an数词one 源意思a辅音音素前an元音音素前
(1) 表示某类某事物中常第次提某某物时定冠词起介绍作表示
i gave him a book yesterday 昨天书
i am reading an interesting story 读趣事
(2) 表示事物某种类 强调整体 中代表类
a horse is useful to mankind 马类
(3) 定冠词事物单位前时间 速度 价格等意义名词前表示
we often go to school two times a day 常常天两次学校
i went to the library once a week at least
(4) 定冠词指某某物具体说明物
a boy came to see you a moment ago 刚孩找
(5)序数词前表示时
i want to read the story a second time 想读遍篇说
(6) 表示特定某时
a mr smith is calling on the phone 位史密斯先生电话找
（7）特定短语里表示特定含义数名词连：
have a good time 高兴
(8) 日三餐前修饰语时
mum what shall we have for lunch
jiaozi
oh what a wonderful lunch i enjoy it very much
(9) 形容词高级前表示非常时
lesson nine is a most difficult lesson but it isn't the most difficult one
(10)定冠词某词组中
a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a minute in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden
2定冠词法
定冠词the指示代词thisthatthesethose源（） （）意思较弱名词连表示某某特定东西必须加定冠词情形
(1)表示双方明白物名词前：
take the medicine 药吃
(2)文提事名称前：
he bought a house i've been to the house
买幢房子幢房子
(3)指世独二事物名词前：
the sun the sky the moon the earth
(4)单数名词连表示类事物：
the fox is cunning 狐狸狡猾
(5)形容词分词连表示类：the rich 富 the living 生者
(6)序数词形容词高级形容词only very same等前面：
where do you live i live on the second floor 住？住二层
that's the very thing that ineed 正需东西
(7)表示世纪年代结构前
he began to learn russian in the 1950s 20实际50年代开始学俄语
注意in one's 50s意某五十岁时
he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s
(8)较级两种句型中 ①表示越 越时
the lighter the better 越轻越
② 表示两者中较时定冠词
there are two books on the table i like the thicker one
(9)动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位名称结构中(注意介词常inonby)
the ball hit me on the back 球中头
(10) 表示计量单位数名词前(注意介词by)
the workers are paid by the hourdaymonth 月付工工资
(11)某普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall(长城)the people's park(民公园)等
the people's republic of china 中华民国
the united states 美国
(12)表示乐器名词前：
she plays the piano 会弹钢琴
the little girl likes to play the violin 女孩喜欢拉提琴
（13）定冠词文艺活动运动场名称前
they are going to the cinema tonight 晚影院电影
(14)姓氏复数名词前表示家：
the greens 格林家 (格林夫妇)
(15)方位名词前 ：in the west on the west
(16)某短语中 in the day in the morning (afternoonevening) the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky (waterfieldcountry) in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre
3零冠词（定冠词)
(1) 物质名词前：
water is very important 水非常重
(2) 抽象名词前：
failure is the mother of success 失败成功母
(3) 复数名词表示物种类时：
doctors cure patients 医生治病救
those people are teachers not students 老师学生
(4) 关游戏名词前：
do you like to play chess 喜欢棋
(5) by + 交通工具短语里：
shall we walk or go by bus 车步行
(6) 国名名名前通常定冠词 ：
englandmary
（7）年份季节月份节日 假日日期星期等表示时间名词前加冠词
we go to school from monday to friday 星期星期五课
(8)称呼表示官衔职位名词前加冠词
the guards took the american to general lee
士兵美国送李军里
(9)三餐球类运动名称前加冠词 ：
have breakfastplay chess
(10) 某固定词组中否冠词意义：
in hospital住院in the hospital医院里 in bed卧床 in the bed床
in front of（外）前面in the front of （）前部
go to hospital 医院病 go to the hospital 医院 (病目)
口 诀
泛指a an单数数特指the特the
释：1）泛指a an单数数——泛指单数数名词前a an2）特指the——果特指数名词单数复数数名词前均the3）特the——特指the包括泛指数名词单数前a an泛指数名词复数前冠词泛指数名词前冠词三种情况
定冠词：特指双熟悉文已提世独二序数高级某专名语乐器
（1）the特指谈话双方知道某某物前：
where is the teacher？
老师里？
（2）the文已提事物前：
i can see a cat the cat is lucys
见猫猫露茜
（3）the世界独二事物前：
the earth goes around the sun
球围绕着太阳转
（4）the序数词形容词高级前：
mike is the tallest of the three boys
迈克三男孩中高
（5）the普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall（长城）the peoples park（民公园 ）等
（6）the惯语中乐器名词前：in the day（白天）play the piano（弹钢琴）等
冠词：代词限定名词前专名词数复数名词表泛指学科球类三餐饭季节星期月份前颜色语种国名称呼语头衔
（1）名词前已作定语this that these those my your his her our their some等限定词时冠词：this eraser her pencilbox some boxes those women等
（2）泛指数名词前般冠词：meat rice water bread tea milk juice等
（3）复数名词表示泛指时冠词：
the people in the room are doctors
房间里医生
（4）表示学科名词前般冠词：chinese english maths physics history等三餐饭球类运动名词前般加冠词：have breakfast lunch supper play basketball football等
（5）季节节日星期月份前冠词：autumn summer winter spring teachers day childrens day sunday february等
（6）表颜色语种国家名词前冠词：white brown french australia等
（7）表示称呼语名词前职务头衔名词前冠词：
doctor green is a scientist
格林博士位科学家
水湖球星山峰独欧（二）（足）族球（运动）文章学专：
1）水湖：海洋海湾河等the单湖the(湖the)
the red seathe pacific oceanthe persian gulf the yangtze river
the great lakes(五湖)lake erie(伊利湖)
2）球星：球月亮the行星the marsvenus
3）山峰：the huangshan mountains(黄山)mount everest(珠穆朗玛峰)
mount(or mt) tai(泰山)
4）独欧（偶）：独二the earththe moonthe sunthe
欧洲等七洲the
europeafricaasianorth americasouth americaantarcticaoceania
5）（足）族球（运动）：种族thethe indians(印第安)球类运动
baseballbasketball
6）文章：历史性文件the说等章节the
the constitution(宪法) chapter one
7）学专：学校放词组前面时the专名词放词组前面时the
the university of fudan fudan university
第三章 介词
定义
介词preposition缩写prep前置词表示名词代词（相名词短语句）句子成分关系介词种虚词单独句中作成分
二介词法
1表示时间（at oninatbefore afterby untilthroughfromsincewithin）
(1)at表示时刻时间某点
at noon午时 at night夜间 at present目前
(2)on星期某天某天午午晚(指具体某天时律) on sunday星期天 on sunday morning 星期天午
on march 8 3月8日
(3)in表示周月季节年泛指午午晚
in 1999 1999年 in november 11月份
in summer 夏季 in the afternoon午
……(未时间)
i think he will be back in an hour 想时会回
i heard that she would be back in a month听说月回
(4)before：……前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning 天早晨魏华7点前起床
(5)after：……
after that no noe should ever kill a seagull 时起捕杀海鸥
(6)by：……前(时间)截止()……
by the time i arrived she had already gone
达前已走
(7)for：达……久(表示少时间)般现时时时连常完成时连
florence often worked for twentyfour hours without rest
弗洛沦斯常常工作24时休息
（8）during：……期间
during the lifetime of one man north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres
生期间北美洲欧洲漂移间距离增加差两米
(9）through：直……(开始结束)
he who led the united states through these years was shot on april 14 1865 at a theater in washington
领导美国度年代1865年4月14日美国华盛顿家戏院里枪杀
(10）from：……起(时间)
the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening 工迫早7点工作晚7点
(11）since：……(表示前某时直现继续)
since that time my eyes had never been very good时起眼睛直
(12)within……超范围
he will arrive within an hour 时
2表示点（atinon underoverabovebelownearbybetweenamongaroundaroundin front ofbehindin intoout ofalongacrossthrough
toforfrom)
(1) at某点(表示较狭窄场)
at school学 at home家 at 320 xinfu district 新抚区320号
at the station 火车站
(2)in某(表示较宽敞场)
she will arrive in shanghai at ten 10点达海
(3)表示点方on under over above below
①on……面接触面
on the table 桌子面
②above……方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees
时朱莉安娜听树林空飞机声
③over……正方under反义词
over these tombs they built pyramids 坟墓建起金字塔
④under：……面……
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree 姐俩篮子放树
⑤below：……方(定正方)
three thousand metres below her she could see nothing except the thick jungle
3000米茂密丛林外什见
(4)near by
①near远(not far)反义词near指时间in the near future远
green’s lake was a small lake near his home 格林湖家附湖
②by……旁边距离
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days
朱莉安娜着河岸走足足6天
(5)between among around
①between两者间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great 美国英语英国英语间差
②among三者者更中
there are some american students among us 中间美国学校
③around环绕…周围……四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it
达四周高山环绕山谷
(6)in front of behind
①in front of ……前面
there is a car in front of the house 房子前面辆汽车
②behind …边
are there any cows behind the house 房子面牛？
(7)in into out of
①in…表示静止位置
there are four girls in the room房间里4女孩
②into进入表示特定终点运动方通常表示动作动作come go walk jump run
she took me from the hall into my classroom 门厅带进教室里边
(8)along across through
①along着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing
着中山路走然第二十路口右拐
②across横(面物体)
very slowlythe continents are moving across the face of the world
洲球表面缓缓漂移
③through贯通通
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang
学生着王叔叔通门
(9)to for from
①达……点(目)方
where’s jack he has gone to london杰克？伦敦
②for：表示目……
do you know what he comes here for 知道什？
③from：……点起
how far is it from london to new york 伦敦纽约远？
3表示手段材料介词
（1）with
①……起
these plates keep moving like great ships carrying the continents with them
板块载着陆航船样断漂移
②具带
a person with good manners is always kind and polite
礼貌总气气彬彬礼
③某种工具方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes
穿着特制游泳鞋游泳
(2）in表示什材料(例：墨水铅笔等)什语言表示衣着声调特点时within
what’s this in english 英语说？
(3）by通……方法手段
what do you mean by the wordisland？ island什意思
i prefer traveling by train 更喜欢火车旅行
4
(1） of from
①of 属)……表示…数量种类
it was beginning of the term 学期开始时候
②from(某某)…起始
she is a lady from canada 位加女士
(2)without like as
①without 没with反义词
she often worked for twentyfour without rest 通常工作24时休息
②like……样
like many children of her age ding fang is a young pioneer
龄孩子样丁芳少先队员
③as作
they are carrying us as passengers作客运载着
(3)against反着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts 奋力扑蝗虫
(4) about
① 关处四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing 南丁格尔写部关护理方面书
② 询问某某物情况提出建议
what about your family 家里样？
口 诀
口诀1年月周前in日子前面行遇号on午午in说某日午on换in行午夜黄昏at黎明 at时分前说差to说part
口诀2 in……里 out……外旁边besideby on……
under…… above头 below底
口诀3 thisthattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone接年月季星期周介词省略已惯 overunder正abovebelow然数量词连混合关' beyond超出against着反besidesexcept分外amongalong
类较except加for异类记心间
口诀4beforeafter表点 agolater表段 before接完成时ago极限
sinceduring间since时态变换 相besidelast but one
口诀5：
①早午晚in 例：in the morning 早 in the afternoon 午
in the evening 晚 in the day 白天
②黎明午夜点分at 例 at dawn at daybreak 黎明时候 at noon 中午
at night 夜间 at midnight 午夜 at six o'clock 6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 7点半 at half past eleven 11点半
at nine fifteen 9点15分 at ten thirty am 午10点30分
at the weekend 周末
③年月年月季节周in 例in 1986 1986年 in 1927 1927年 in april 四月 in march 三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月
in spring 春季 in summer 夏季 in autumn 秋季 in winter 冬季
in the fist week of this semester 学期第周 in the third week 第三周
④阳光灯影衣 雨in阳光灯树阴穿衣着装雨等in
例：don't read in dim light 切勿暗淡灯光书 they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 明亮灯光复功课 they are sitting in the shade of a tree 坐树阴凉he went in the rain to meet me at the station 雨车站接in the bright sunlight 明亮阳光 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服妇女
⑤时态in 例 they will come back in 10 days 10天回
i'll come round in a day or two 两天回 we'll be back in no time 会回 come and see me in two days' time 两天(现开始)
after (开始)
⑥处at处in
i'm in liaoning at anshan 住辽宁省鞍山市．
形with形by语言 单位材料in
例：the workers are paving a road with stone 工正石子铺路(形)
the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen
位教师正支新笔批改文(形)
taking tiger mountain by strategy is a good opera
<<智取威虎山>>出戏(形)
the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 种产品蒸馏分离出气油粗柴油 (表示方式手段方法形)
i really can't express my idea in english freely indeed．
确实英语流利表达思想 (表示某种语言in)
the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里米制中长长度单位 (表示度量衡单位in )
this board was cast in bronze not in gold 牌匾铜铸金铸
⑦特征方面方式心情成语惯in
特征状态：
they found the patient in a coma 发现病处昏迷状态
he has not been in good health for some years 年身体直
the house was in ruins 房屋成废墟
her clothes were in rags 衣穿破
心理短语in： in jest 诙谐in joke 开玩笑in spite 恶意 in fairness 公正in revenge 报复 in mercy 宽in sorrow 伤心等
⑧介词atto表方攻击位置善恶分
介词atto表示方 at表示方时侧重攻击目标表示恶意to表示方时突出运动位置动作象侧重表示善意
she came at me 扑
she came to me 走
he shouted at the old man 声喝斥老
he shouted to the old man 声老说
she talked at you just now 刚说坏话呢
she talked to you just now 刚谈话呢
she threw a bone at the dog 块骨头砸狗
she threw a bone to the dog 块骨头扔狗吃
`
学英语语法全
第章 名 词
定义
名词表示事物名称词表示具体东西表示抽象东西
二分类
1 名词根意义分普通名词专名词
：john is a student
student普通名词john专名词
普通名词前定冠词aan 定冠词the 加冠词专名词前般加冠词专名词首字母写
2 普通名词分体名词集体名词物质名词抽象名词中体名词集体名词数名词物质名词抽象名称数名词
3 专名词
专名词表示名名团体机构组织等专名词独二事物
三名词数
1名词分数名词数名词
数名词——数名词
数名词——数清（没复数）
drinkmilk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
foodrice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2数名词定冠词a(an)连数数形式数名词定冠词a(an)连没复数形式
many+数名词复数
mucha little+数名词
some any a lot of (lots of) 两者修饰
3数名词直接数词修饰
数名词 数词 +量词 +of + 名词
数名词数量提问how many
数名词数量提问 how much
4数名词量两种表示方法：
1） some much a little a lot of a bit of plenty of 等表示少
注意数名词复数数名词连：plenty of some a lot of lots of most of 等
there is much water in the bottle 瓶中水
i'll tell you much good news告诉许消息
we should collect some useful information应该收集消息
2） 单位词表示
a of 表示
a cup of （ 杯）a bottle of （瓶）
a piece of （ 张）a pair of shoes（双鞋）
two cups of tea（两杯茶）five pieces of paper（五张纸）
注意单位词动词单复数形式取决单位词单复数形式千百等数词名词加表示复数时数词保持单数名词变复数
two hundred students（200名学生）
ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
测试点he caught a lot of fish抓许鱼（处许条鱼fish复数fishfishes）
he caught a lot of fishes
the paper is about some freshwater fishes篇文关种淡水鱼（处fish表示种类鱼加复数词尾es）
5数名词分单数复数
名词单数该词身前面加aan
1）单数
a desk（张桌子）
an old desk（张旧书桌）
2）复数：表示概念时名词复数形式
规变化
1）般情况加s
bookbooks（书） deskdesks（书桌）
2）s x ch sh结尾加es
boxboxes（盒子） busbuses(公汽车)
注意① th 结尾加s monthmonths
②stomachstomachs
3)辅音字母+结尾变yi加 es
citycities(城市) countrycountries(国家)
注意元音+y直接加s：daydays(天)boyboys(男孩)
4)ffe结尾复数变f fe v加es
knifeknives(书) halfhalves(半)
(thief wife life shelf knife leaf self half wolf)
注意①少数词直接加sroofroofs (屋顶)
5)o结尾
(1)辅音字母加o结尾名词加es
tomatotomatoes(西红杮)
potatopotatoes(土豆)
(2) 元音字母加o结尾名词加s
pianopianos (钢琴) zoozoos(动物园)
photophotos (片) kangarookangaroos(袋鼠)
kilokilos(千克)
注意zero 两种方式：zerozeros zeroes(零)
规变化
1) 元音字母发变化
manmen(男) womanwomen(妇女)
toothteeth(牙齿) footfeet(脚)
mousemice(老鼠) policemanpolicemen(警察)
policewomanpolicewomen(女警察)
2) 词尾发生变化
childchildren(孩) oxoxen(公牛)
3) 单复数形式相
fishfish(鱼) sheepsheep(绵羊) deerdeer(鹿) chinesechinese(中国) yuanyuan(元) jinnjinn(斤)
注意 说an english说an englishman
①fish作鱼肉讲时数没复数
②fishes指种种类鱼指条鱼
4) 形似单数实复数意义
people()these people
(说a people说a person)
police(公安警察)ten police
(说a police说a policeman)
5) manwoman构成合成名词变复数名词manwoman变成复数
a man drivermen drivers(男司机)
a woman doctorwomen doctors (女医生)
6) 合成名词变复数时通常里面含体名词变复数
passerbypassersby(路)
bus driverbus drivers(汽车司机)
注意果没体名词词加s：
grownupgrownups(成年)
letterboxletterboxes (信箱)
注意①hairfruit通常作单数表示总体表示干根头发干种水果需两词复数形式
would you like some more fruit 吃点水果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market 市场买许水果
china has some good frits 中国水果(指种类)
she has a few white hairs 白头发
his black hair is going white 黑发逐渐变成灰白色
注意②wind snowrain类词时复数形式表示次风雪雨
注意boy girl开头复合名词变成复数时般名词变成复数
boy studentboy students(男学生)
girlfriendgirlfriends(女朋友)
7) 名词作复数
scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成复合名词复数形式通常简单名词样man(woman)改成men(women)
englishmanenglishmen(英国)
frenchwomanfrenchwomen(法国妇女)
注意german复合词复数germans
四名词格
名词加表示关系带种词尾名词形式称该名词格
mary's father(玛丽父亲)
jim's mother(吉姆母亲)
格相带种词尾形式称普通格
1名词格构成法
1)单数名词词尾加's复数名词词尾没s加's
tom's knife(汤姆刀)
children's books(童书籍)
2)表示样东西需名字加果表示需名字加
jim and mike's room吉姆麦克()房间
jim's and mike's rooms吉姆麦克()房间
3)名词已复数词尾s加'
the students' readingroom(学生阅览室)
everyone needs to have at least eight hours' sleep a night 晚需少8时睡眠(新目标英语九年级)
注意①格读音名词复数读音样
②名词格表示生命东西(特高级动物)名词
this is a woman's work 女干工作
this is a girls' school 女子学校
4)s结尾专名词构成格然加's加'读音iz
mr jones's(mr jones')book(琼斯先生书)
keats' works(济慈作品)
(1)表示时间距离名词
where is today's newspaper 天报纸？
an hour's walk isn't far 时路程远
(1) 生命东西名词国家城市季节太阳月亮江河海洋船等名词's表示关系
china's population(中国口)
the city's life(城市生活)
注意表示店铺某家时避免重复(前面已提)名词格面省略修饰名词
my uncle's(叔叔家) the doctor's(医生诊)
2短语格
生命名词's结构表示关系果生命名词+of+名词结构表示
the window of the house(间房子窗户)
注意's格表示事物类属性时of格：男式鞋应men'sshoes of men
3of +名词格
of +名词称双重格时注意项
1)表示部分时前面词定a an some any few two no several ()类修饰语onethe
说：a book of my brother's 兄弟书
说：books of my brother's book of my brother's
2)带感情色彩时the this that these those名词前
the pretty daughter of your sister's 姐姐漂亮女
did you read that book of lu xun's 读鲁迅书？
3)of 前面名词专名词
说：this is john of his uncle's
4)of 面名词必须特定
these books of my friend's are good 朋友书
5)of 面名词必须指名词
较说it is a leaf of the tree's
a picture of my father指爸爸片
注意of 格双重格时交意义甚区
a friend of my brother→a friend of my brother's
测试点a car of betty's cars 换a car of bettyjim's and tom's fathers are in the same office now吉姆父亲汤姆父亲目前办公室
常口诀
表示民族名词口溜
（1）中日瑞友致
（2）英法联盟a变e
（3）律加s chinesejapanese单复数形englishmanfrenchman复数englishmenfrenchmengermanamericanaustralian等复数形式面加s
o结尾名词口溜
1）生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加es生命o结尾名词变复数时词尾加s
生命：potatopotatoes tomatotomatoes heroheroes negronegroes
生命：zoozoos radioradios photophotos pianopianos zerozeros bamboo（竹竿）bamboos tobacco（烟丝）tobaccos1）
2）两两菜火山（+es）
学—中学课中o结尾名词构成复数时加esnegro（黑）hero（英雄）potato（土豆）tomato（西红杮）volcano（火山）两两菜火山
：黑英雄吃土豆西红柿egroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）余o结尾名词变复数时均加s
图景：zoo里见bamboo面挂着张photo架piano面放着台radio
zoozoos bamboobamboosphotophotos pianopianos radioradios
ffe结尾口溜
（1）f(e)结尾名词变复数时f(e)改v(e)加sf(e)结尾名词直接加s
妻子持刀宰狼偷吓发慌
躲架保命半片树叶遮目光 wife（妻子）knife（刀子）wolf（狼）thief（偷）shelf（架子）life（生命）leaf（树叶）self（）half（半）9名词变复数时改f(e)ve加s
(2)f结尾名词般f改ves特殊情况直接加s
gulf roof chief serf belief proof handkerchief编成口诀联想：
海湾边屋顶首领农仆相
谁说信仰语气定手帕
巧记规名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅老鼠加虱婆
manmen womanwomen footfeet toothteeth goosegeese mousemice louselice
第二章 冠 词
定义
冠词种虚词身单独没词义名词前面(相名词帽子)帮助指明名词含义
二分类
3类：定冠词（the definite article）定冠词（the indefinite article）零冠词（zero article）
三法
1定冠词法
a an数词one 源意思a辅音音素前an元音音素前
(1) 表示某类某事物中常第次提某某物时定冠词起介绍作表示
i gave him a book yesterday 昨天书
i am reading an interesting story 读趣事
(2) 表示事物某种类 强调整体 中代表类
a horse is useful to mankind 马类
(3) 定冠词事物单位前时间 速度 价格等意义名词前表示
we often go to school two times a day 常常天两次学校
i went to the library once a week at least
(4) 定冠词指某某物具体说明物
a boy came to see you a moment ago 刚孩找
(5)序数词前表示时
i want to read the story a second time 想读遍篇说
(6) 表示特定某时
a mr smith is calling on the phone 位史密斯先生电话找
（7）特定短语里表示特定含义数名词连：
have a good time 高兴
(8) 日三餐前修饰语时
mum what shall we have for lunch
jiaozi
oh what a wonderful lunch i enjoy it very much
(9) 形容词高级前表示非常时
lesson nine is a most difficult lesson but it isn't the most difficult one
(10)定冠词某词组中
a little a few a lot a type of a pile a great many many a as a rule in a hurry in a minute in a word in a short while after a while have a cold have a try keep an eye on all of a sudden
2定冠词法
定冠词the指示代词thisthatthesethose源（） （）意思较弱名词连表示某某特定东西必须加定冠词情形
(1)表示双方明白物名词前：
take the medicine 药吃
(2)文提事名称前：
he bought a house i've been to the house
买幢房子幢房子
(3)指世独二事物名词前：
the sun the sky the moon the earth
(4)单数名词连表示类事物：
the fox is cunning 狐狸狡猾
(5)形容词分词连表示类：the rich 富 the living 生者
(6)序数词形容词高级形容词only very same等前面：
where do you live i live on the second floor 住？住二层
that's the very thing that ineed 正需东西
(7)表示世纪年代结构前
he began to learn russian in the 1950s 20实际50年代开始学俄语
注意in one's 50s意某五十岁时
he looked quite healthy though he was in his 80s
(8)较级两种句型中 ①表示越 越时
the lighter the better 越轻越
② 表示两者中较时定冠词
there are two books on the table i like the thicker one
(9)动词+sb+介词+the+身体部位名称结构中(注意介词常inonby)
the ball hit me on the back 球中头
(10) 表示计量单位数名词前(注意介词by)
the workers are paid by the hourdaymonth 月付工工资
(11)某普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall(长城)the people's park(民公园)等
the people's republic of china 中华民国
the united states 美国
(12)表示乐器名词前：
she plays the piano 会弹钢琴
the little girl likes to play the violin 女孩喜欢拉提琴
（13）定冠词文艺活动运动场名称前
they are going to the cinema tonight 晚影院电影
(14)姓氏复数名词前表示家：
the greens 格林家 (格林夫妇)
(15)方位名词前 ：in the west on the west
(16)某短语中 in the day in the morning (afternoonevening) the day after tomorrow the day before yesterday the next morning in the sky (waterfieldcountry) in the dark in the rain in the distance in the middle (of) in the end on the whole by the way go to the theatre
3零冠词（定冠词)
(1) 物质名词前：
water is very important 水非常重
(2) 抽象名词前：
failure is the mother of success 失败成功母
(3) 复数名词表示物种类时：
doctors cure patients 医生治病救
those people are teachers not students 老师学生
(4) 关游戏名词前：
do you like to play chess 喜欢棋
(5) by + 交通工具短语里：
shall we walk or go by bus 车步行
(6) 国名名名前通常定冠词 ：
englandmary
（7）年份季节月份节日 假日日期星期等表示时间名词前加冠词
we go to school from monday to friday 星期星期五课
(8)称呼表示官衔职位名词前加冠词
the guards took the american to general lee
士兵美国送李军里
(9)三餐球类运动名称前加冠词 ：
have breakfastplay chess
(10) 某固定词组中否冠词意义：
in hospital住院in the hospital医院里 in bed卧床 in the bed床
in front of（外）前面in the front of （）前部
go to hospital 医院病 go to the hospital 医院 (病目)
口 诀
泛指a an单数数特指the特the
释：1）泛指a an单数数——泛指单数数名词前a an2）特指the——果特指数名词单数复数数名词前均the3）特the——特指the包括泛指数名词单数前a an泛指数名词复数前冠词泛指数名词前冠词三种情况
定冠词：特指双熟悉文已提世独二序数高级某专名语乐器
（1）the特指谈话双方知道某某物前：
where is the teacher？
老师里？
（2）the文已提事物前：
i can see a cat the cat is lucys
见猫猫露茜
（3）the世界独二事物前：
the earth goes around the sun
球围绕着太阳转
（4）the序数词形容词高级前：
mike is the tallest of the three boys
迈克三男孩中高
（5）the普通名词构成专名词前：the great wall（长城）the peoples park（民公园 ）等
（6）the惯语中乐器名词前：in the day（白天）play the piano（弹钢琴）等
冠词：代词限定名词前专名词数复数名词表泛指学科球类三餐饭季节星期月份前颜色语种国名称呼语头衔
（1）名词前已作定语this that these those my your his her our their some等限定词时冠词：this eraser her pencilbox some boxes those women等
（2）泛指数名词前般冠词：meat rice water bread tea milk juice等
（3）复数名词表示泛指时冠词：
the people in the room are doctors
房间里医生
（4）表示学科名词前般冠词：chinese english maths physics history等三餐饭球类运动名词前般加冠词：have breakfast lunch supper play basketball football等
（5）季节节日星期月份前冠词：autumn summer winter spring teachers day childrens day sunday february等
（6）表颜色语种国家名词前冠词：white brown french australia等
（7）表示称呼语名词前职务头衔名词前冠词：
doctor green is a scientist
格林博士位科学家
水湖球星山峰独欧（二）（足）族球（运动）文章学专：
1）水湖：海洋海湾河等the单湖the(湖the)
the red seathe pacific oceanthe persian gulf the yangtze river
the great lakes(五湖)lake erie(伊利湖)
2）球星：球月亮the行星the marsvenus
3）山峰：the huangshan mountains(黄山)mount everest(珠穆朗玛峰)
mount(or mt) tai(泰山)
4）独欧（偶）：独二the earththe moonthe sunthe
欧洲等七洲the
europeafricaasianorth americasouth americaantarcticaoceania
5）（足）族球（运动）：种族thethe indians(印第安)球类运动
baseballbasketball
6）文章：历史性文件the说等章节the
the constitution(宪法) chapter one
7）学专：学校放词组前面时the专名词放词组前面时the
the university of fudan fudan university
第三章 介词
定义
介词preposition缩写prep前置词表示名词代词（相名词短语句）句子成分关系介词种虚词单独句中作成分
二介词法
1表示时间（at oninatbefore afterby untilthroughfromsincewithin）
(1)at表示时刻时间某点
at noon午时 at night夜间 at present目前
(2)on星期某天某天午午晚(指具体某天时律) on sunday星期天 on sunday morning 星期天午
on march 8 3月8日
(3)in表示周月季节年泛指午午晚
in 1999 1999年 in november 11月份
in summer 夏季 in the afternoon午
……(未时间)
i think he will be back in an hour 想时会回
i heard that she would be back in a month听说月回
(4)before：……前
wei hua got up before 7 o’clock this morning 天早晨魏华7点前起床
(5)after：……
after that no noe should ever kill a seagull 时起捕杀海鸥
(6)by：……前(时间)截止()……
by the time i arrived she had already gone
达前已走
(7)for：达……久(表示少时间)般现时时时连常完成时连
florence often worked for twentyfour hours without rest
弗洛沦斯常常工作24时休息
（8）during：……期间
during the lifetime of one man north america and europe will more further apart by nearly two metres
生期间北美洲欧洲漂移间距离增加差两米
(9）through：直……(开始结束)
he who led the united states through these years was shot on april 14 1865 at a theater in washington
领导美国度年代1865年4月14日美国华盛顿家戏院里枪杀
(10）from：……起(时间)
the worders were made to work from 7 in the morning to 7 in the evening 工迫早7点工作晚7点
(11）since：……(表示前某时直现继续)
since that time my eyes had never been very good时起眼睛直
(12)within……超范围
he will arrive within an hour 时
2表示点（atinon underoverabovebelownearbybetweenamongaroundaroundin front ofbehindin intoout ofalongacrossthrough
toforfrom)
(1) at某点(表示较狭窄场)
at school学 at home家 at 320 xinfu district 新抚区320号
at the station 火车站
(2)in某(表示较宽敞场)
she will arrive in shanghai at ten 10点达海
(3)表示点方on under over above below
①on……面接触面
on the table 桌子面
②above……方
sometimes juliana could hear planes above the trees
时朱莉安娜听树林空飞机声
③over……正方under反义词
over these tombs they built pyramids 坟墓建起金字塔
④under：……面……
the twin sisters put the basket under the tree 姐俩篮子放树
⑤below：……方(定正方)
three thousand metres below her she could see nothing except the thick jungle
3000米茂密丛林外什见
(4)near by
①near远(not far)反义词near指时间in the near future远
green’s lake was a small lake near his home 格林湖家附湖
②by……旁边距离
juliana walked by the side of the river for six more long days
朱莉安娜着河岸走足足6天
(5)between among around
①between两者间
the differences between american english and british english are not very great 美国英语英国英语间差
②among三者者更中
there are some american students among us 中间美国学校
③around环绕…周围……四周
they arrived at a valley with high mountains all around it
达四周高山环绕山谷
(6)in front of behind
①in front of ……前面
there is a car in front of the house 房子前面辆汽车
②behind …边
are there any cows behind the house 房子面牛？
(7)in into out of
①in…表示静止位置
there are four girls in the room房间里4女孩
②into进入表示特定终点运动方通常表示动作动作come go walk jump run
she took me from the hall into my classroom 门厅带进教室里边
(8)along across through
①along着
go along zhongshan road and turn right at the second crossing
着中山路走然第二十路口右拐
②across横(面物体)
very slowlythe continents are moving across the face of the world
洲球表面缓缓漂移
③through贯通通
the students walked through the gate with uncle wang
学生着王叔叔通门
(9)to for from
①达……点(目)方
where’s jack he has gone to london杰克？伦敦
②for：表示目……
do you know what he comes here for 知道什？
③from：……点起
how far is it from london to new york 伦敦纽约远？
3表示手段材料介词
（1）with
①……起
these plates keep moving like great ships carrying the continents with them
板块载着陆航船样断漂移
②具带
a person with good manners is always kind and polite
礼貌总气气彬彬礼
③某种工具方法
he could swim with some special swimming shoes
穿着特制游泳鞋游泳
(2）in表示什材料(例：墨水铅笔等)什语言表示衣着声调特点时within
what’s this in english 英语说？
(3）by通……方法手段
what do you mean by the wordisland？ island什意思
i prefer traveling by train 更喜欢火车旅行
4
(1） of from
①of 属)……表示…数量种类
it was beginning of the term 学期开始时候
②from(某某)…起始
she is a lady from canada 位加女士
(2)without like as
①without 没with反义词
she often worked for twentyfour without rest 通常工作24时休息
②like……样
like many children of her age ding fang is a young pioneer
龄孩子样丁芳少先队员
③as作
they are carrying us as passengers作客运载着
(3)against反着
everyone tried to fight against the locusts 奋力扑蝗虫
(4) about
① 关处四周
nightingale wrote a book about nursing 南丁格尔写部关护理方面书
② 询问某某物情况提出建议
what about your family 家里样？
口 诀
口诀1年月周前in日子前面行遇号on午午in说某日午on换in行午夜黄昏at黎明 at时分前说差to说part
口诀2 in……里 out……外旁边besideby on……
under…… above头 below底
口诀3 thisthattomorrowyesterdaynextlastone接年月季星期周介词省略已惯 overunder正abovebelow然数量词连混合关' beyond超出against着反besidesexcept分外amongalong
类较except加for异类记心间
口诀4beforeafter表点 agolater表段 before接完成时ago极限
sinceduring间since时态变换 相besidelast but one
口诀5：
①早午晚in 例：in the morning 早 in the afternoon 午
in the evening 晚 in the day 白天
②黎明午夜点分at 例 at dawn at daybreak 黎明时候 at noon 中午
at night 夜间 at midnight 午夜 at six o'clock 6点钟
at 7：30 (seven thirty) 7点半 at half past eleven 11点半
at nine fifteen 9点15分 at ten thirty am 午10点30分
at the weekend 周末
③年月年月季节周in 例in 1986 1986年 in 1927 1927年 in april 四月 in march 三月 in december 1986 1986年12月 in july l983 1983年7月
in spring 春季 in summer 夏季 in autumn 秋季 in winter 冬季
in the fist week of this semester 学期第周 in the third week 第三周
④阳光灯影衣 雨in阳光灯树阴穿衣着装雨等in
例：don't read in dim light 切勿暗淡灯光书 they are reviewing their lessons in the bright light 明亮灯光复功课 they are sitting in the shade of a tree 坐树阴凉he went in the rain to meet me at the station 雨车站接in the bright sunlight 明亮阳光 the woman in white 穿着白色衣服妇女
⑤时态in 例 they will come back in 10 days 10天回
i'll come round in a day or two 两天回 we'll be back in no time 会回 come and see me in two days' time 两天(现开始)
after (开始)
⑥处at处in
i'm in liaoning at anshan 住辽宁省鞍山市．
形with形by语言 单位材料in
例：the workers are paving a road with stone 工正石子铺路(形)
the teacher is correcting the paper with a new pen
位教师正支新笔批改文(形)
taking tiger mountain by strategy is a good opera
<<智取威虎山>>出戏(形)
the product is separated by distilation into gasoline and gas oil 种产品蒸馏分离出气油粗柴油 (表示方式手段方法形)
i really can't express my idea in english freely indeed．
确实英语流利表达思想 (表示某种语言in)
the kilometer is the biggest unit of length in the metric system．
公里米制中长长度单位 (表示度量衡单位in )
this board was cast in bronze not in gold 牌匾铜铸金铸
⑦特征方面方式心情成语惯in
特征状态：
they found the patient in a coma 发现病处昏迷状态
he has not been in good health for some years 年身体直
the house was in ruins 房屋成废墟
her clothes were in rags 衣穿破
心理短语in： in jest 诙谐in joke 开玩笑in spite 恶意 in fairness 公正in revenge 报复 in mercy 宽in sorrow 伤心等
⑧介词atto表方攻击位置善恶分
介词atto表示方 at表示方时侧重攻击目标表示恶意to表示方时突出运动位置动作象侧重表示善意
she came at me 扑
she came to me 走
he shouted at the old man 声喝斥老
he shouted to the old man 声老说
she talked at you just now 刚说坏话呢
she talked to you just now 刚谈话呢
she threw a bone at the dog 块骨头砸狗
she threw a bone to the dog 块骨头扔狗吃
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