全新版学英语综合教程4第二版题答案
编：李荫华
海外语教育出版社
Unit 1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 12 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter
Part Two Paras 311 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three Paras 1220 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign
2
Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
Section One Paras 1213 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section Two Paras 1418 the battles fought at Leningrad Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 1920 the Russian counteroffensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I 1 1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests willshould never get in the way of her career
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date obso lete
4 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength In many caseswork may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans In fact this battle turned the tide in the Second World War During this famous battle the Soviet troops withstood the German siege
and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks
IIMore Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War battles occurred here and there over vast areas Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts homework paid off
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement but he turned a deaf ear to all my words
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather
III Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned especially if you fall asleep
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(A)
1 invasion 2 stand in the way
3 Conquest 4 catching off his guard
5 launching 6 declaration
7 campaign 8 drag on
9 reckon with 10 bringingto a halt
(B)
1 allow 2 reckoned
3 highly 4 forecasts
5 rapidly 6 instant
7 delivery 8 advantage
9 observing 10 Powerful
II Translation
1 Mr Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm
2 We must not underestimate the enemy They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons
3 Having been cut of a jobNot having had a job for 3months Phil is getting increasingly desperate
4 Sam as the project manager is decisive efficient and accurate in his judgment
5 Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs
The offensive had already lasted three days but we had not gained much ground Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strongfiercestiff resistance The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack To do so however we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties By a
stroke of luck the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over Thanks to the cold weather we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear This turned the tide of the battle The enemy caught off guard soon surrendered
Unit 2Text A
Vocabulary
I 1 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) gotwas stuckin
12) approximately
2 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
3 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
41) the application remote has turned into a reality are poised to
2) that vibrate can detect frequency
3) lanes are mounted in alert a hazard
II Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care
Memo memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite
lib liberation newscast news broadcast
doc doctor skyjack sky hijack
vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch
auto automobile telecast television broadcast
flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge
III 1 swimming pool 2 drawing board 3 enriched Middle English 4 disturbing change 5 fully developed prototype 6 Canned foods 7 working population 8 puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II Translation
1．
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air except for the sound of artillery in the distance
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board poised to jump at the signal from the coach
2
Automobiles have since their invention revolutionized transportation changing forever the way people live travel and do business On the other hand they have brought hazards especially highway fatalities However today
the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents For example electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams
Unit 3 Text A
Content questions
1 He runs a manufacturing company
2 Almost all of them were no
3 This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified
4 Prepare to win
5 They now have to switch jobs frequently
6 A 90yearold tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness backhand court
7 Believing in yourself even when no one else does
8 Because he will mention a cab driver who is different
9 His efforts to make a difference
10He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades
11 Because there were no tracks left in the snow which means he was the first person to take off from there
12 Carlson was excited about being first which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants
Text Organization
1
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1 6 An illprepared college graduate failed his interview
Part Two Paras 727 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee
Part Three Paras 2831 Make your own tracks in whatever you do
2
Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning 2) a 90yearold tennis player
3) Believe in yourselfeven when no one else does 3) the fourminute mile the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran
4) Find a way to make a difference 4) a New York cabdriver
Language Sense Enhancement
1
(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）handdelivered
(9) prepared (10) prospective
Language Focus
I 1
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2
1) go after 2) look back aton 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
4
1）applicantsveteran the prospective
2）From his standpointhas made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes to have a crack at barely
II Words with Multiple Meanings
1 behave 2 used to avoid repetition 3 Clean 4 get along
5 performcomplete 6 performcomplete 7 study 8 be enough 9 be acceptable
III Usage
1 There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin OK I’ll talk about myself first
2 Thank you very much John for your beautiful Christmas card By the way I have something here for you
3 The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper Now why is this an advantage
4 I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes By the way I will see you in February as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai
5 OK you got the job Now how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible
6 Chris is back from Australia Incidentally those pictures you sent me are wonderful
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1
(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack
(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up
2
(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit
II Translation
1
1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while
2) Grilled by the reporters the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital Working together we’ll have the future in our hands
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home I would have made better preparations You see I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquakestricken area
2
Well begun half done as the saying goes It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment From my standpoint whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100000 dollars a years in a large computer software company He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success
Unit 4
Text A
Text rganization 1
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 13
Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two
Paras 45
Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three ppppPTThreeThree
Paras 68
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
Part Four
Paras 911
Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces
2
Main Events
1 Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country
2 Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice not an accident of birth
3 Davos Man believes that globalization the unimpeded flows of capital labor and technology across national borders is both welcome and unstoppable
4 Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy produce and sell their goods and services
Vocabulary
I
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3) witnessingvanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled 6) displace
7) Establishment 8) patrioticstrengthen
9) contradictions 10) aspires
11) divorced 12) pendulums
2 1) come to 2) dozed off
3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7) clean up 8) turn away
3
1) For me it makes nolittle difference whether we go there by train or by bus
2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker
3)Shortly after their marriage Mr Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters
4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes let alone cook a meal
5 a) is increasinglyto acceleratetheir investment
b) economymake an earnestdomesticstrike a balance between
c) a handful ofbe endorsed byon a large scale
II Word Formation
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
GDP
Gross domestic product
国生产总值
ATM
Automated teller machine
动出纳机
VAT
Valueadded tax
增值税
CAD
Computeraided design
计算机辅助设计
IT
Information technology
信息技术
IDD
International direct dialing
国际直拨电话
MTV
Music television
音乐电视
Radar
Radio detecting and ranging
雷达
IOC
International Olympic Committee
国际奥委会
VIP
Very important person
贵宾物
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
激光
CPU
Central processing unit
中央处理器
III Usage
1 An unusual present a book on ethics was given to Henry for his birthday
2 The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory
3 Football his only interest in life has brought him many friends
4 Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago then dismissed something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
2 networking
4 growth
6 facilitate
8 outlook
10 patriotic
12 strike a balance
(A)
1 academics
3a variety of
5 vanish
7 endorsing
9 sweeping aside
11 erasing
(B)
1 aided
2effects
3distances
4 connected
5 invested
6 features
7 prevailing
8 qualitatively
9 volume
10 Distinguishing
II Translation
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere
2) I like hiring young people They are earnest learners and committed to work
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children Mary cares more about her personal growth
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries
2．
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese For example young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreigninvested enterprises English has become increasingly important At the same time a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years for they hold an optimistic outlook for the longterm growth of the Chinese economy The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues let alone carry them forward which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish
Unit 5 TextA
oganization 1
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1
It is no easy to judge people for they aren’t always what they appear to be
Part Two
Paras 23
Kind and gentle Edward Burton a wealthy merchant appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly
Part Three
Paras 451
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
sections
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
section One
Paras 416
What Edward knew about Lenny
section Two
Paras 1731
How Edward responded to Lenny’s request
section Three
Paras 3251
How Edward a kind gentleman handled a friend in desperate need of help
Vocabulary
I
1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto
9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current
2
1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about
5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback
3
1) has a very weak constitution she may not be able to survive the operation
2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim
3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that
4) needs trimming to be trimmed it’s getting too long
5) are often seceptive
4
1) Oddly enough went broke wrinkled he had gone all to pieces
2) definite is capable of her vanity
3) too mild sipping stroke
II Usage
1 Except for 2 except that 3 except 4 except when
5 except to 6 except what 7 except where 8 except that
III
vocabulary
spelling
AmE
BrE
AmE
BrE
apartment
flat
favorable
favourable
can
tin
paralyze
paralyse
candy
sweets
labor
labour
elevator
lift
meter
metre
faculty
staff (of a university)
catalog
catalogue
first floor
ground floor
leveling
levelling
gas gasoline
petrol
theater
theatre
mail
post
defense
defence
railroad
railway
plow
plough
pants
trousers
program
programme
subway
tube underground
practice (v)
practise
corn
maize
characterize
characterise
store
shop
tire
tyre (on a car)
Comprehensive exercises
I Cloze
1
1) insane 2)current 3) candid 4) capable 5) was taken aback
6) in good condition 7) constitution 8） go all to pieces 9） Gone broke 10） vacancy 11） mild 12） deceptive
2
1） suspected 2） pleading 3） confirmed 4）stunned
5） lucrative 6) jewellery 7) wealthy 8) urge 9) spell 10) arrested
II Translation
1
1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition because he is something of an adventurer
2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand even if he is exposed to noises
3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force
4) Oddly enough many people volunteered to help organize the meeting but only a few turned up
5) The teacher’s affectionate words along with his candid comments changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself
2
For my own part I find that appearances are all too often deceptive For instance you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton In appearance he seemed a man all of a piece He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes gentle and candid Nevertheless he turned out to be very cruel He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death Without doubt Burton was a man with a heart of stone
Key to Unit6 Book4 The Pace of Life
Vocabulary 1
1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution
5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of a large quantity of
9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
Vocabulary 2
1) eat into 2) cling to
3) stand out stood out 4) wears away
5) set about 6) switch off
7) will be turned loose 8) poured in
Vocabulary 3
is forecast to be below average next year which at the moment is 4 percent
to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames
was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand
can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2000
has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape
Vocabulary 4
reaction to discontent provoked
convention evading tax the confines of
a burden are always on the go seem forever on the go to cope
II Confusable Words
1 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress stress 4) tension
2 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary
III Usage
Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter Is it sensible we may ask to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line
This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened at airports train stations bus terminals or border crossings However experts suspect there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves
With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce often due to financial difficulties you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage But believe it or not it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage it is your philosophy of life that does
Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual you know Sites promoting violence are just a click away and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices
Cloze (Textrelated)
1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope
5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature
9) fraction 10) futile
Cloze (Themerelated)
1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully
4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule
7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set
10) respect
Translation
They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far
Her unique teaching methods apart Ms Wilson my math teacher never tried to cram knowledge into my head
The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip
The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building
In the modern world there are more ways than ever to waste away time and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time
Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours to produce more and to possess more Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well good money
Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and at the same time to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families It forces us to toil longer and longer hours leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process
Unit 7 TextA
Vocabulary
I
1) 1 divined 2 nerves 3 solidarity 4 sacred mourn 5 coated
6 perish 7 hijack 8 grief 9 farewell 10 take revenge on 11 revolves 12 denounced
2) 1 drop… off 2 applied for 3 went off 4 are gaining on
5 bring down 6 blotted out 7 think back on 8 picking at
3) 1 brought down the American housing market in 2008
2 what will happen after his son steps into his shoes
3 not in the mood to go out
4 long before the market began to show signs of weakness
5 mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside
4) 1 in the aftermath of to blot our the tragic
2 armed at dust accomplices explosives
3 in the space of no illusion
II Collocation
1 a little of 2 a few most of many of 3 much 4 few
5 many 6 many of 7 much of 8 little
9 few of 10 Some
IIIUsage
1 As the boy grew older
2 she sings as beautifully as a nightingale sings like a nightingale
3 they don’t see themselves as servants of the people
4 As she had left her key in the office
5 Just do as you are told
6 Areas once regarded as rural
7 as they do in China
8 As he was brave and loyal as well
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) Textrelated
1 mood 2 tragic 3 in the (immediate) aftermath of 4 chaos
5 toppling 6 solidarity 7 take revenge on 8 thinking back on
9 mourning 10 perished
2) Themerelated
1 crashed 2 horrible 3 harsh 4 protect 5 remove
6 utterly 7 truly 8 justify 9 rewarded 10devastating
II Translation
1)
1 Some highranking officers of the armed forces started a coup toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos
2 The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly
3 Thinking back on the history of World War II we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then
4 Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic But as he was in no mood for q quarrelnot in a quarreling mood he simply pretended not to hear it
5 People say that time heals all wounds But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event will time fill up the void in their hearts
2)
Today long after the earthquake shook hit my tometown I can still recall in crystal detail what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun Horrorstricken people ran in all directions crying and screaming
Now many years after that tragic event a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one In the town square a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed but the memory will linger
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编：李荫华
海外语教育出版社
Unit 1
Part II Text A
lexf Organization
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 12 Introduction — Both Napoleon's and Hitler's military campaigns failed because of the severity of the Russian winter
Part Two Paras 311 Napoleon's military campaign against Russia
Part Three Paras 1220 Hitler's military campaign against the Soviet Union
Part Four Para 21 Conclusion—the elements of nature must be rekoned with in any military campaign
2
Sections Paragraphs Main Ideas
Section One Paras 1213 Hitler's blitzkrieg against Russia and Stalin's scorched earth policy
Section Two Paras 1418 the battles fought at Leningrad Moscow and Stalingrad Section Three Paras 1920 the Russian counteroffensive and the outcome of the war
Vocabulary
I 1 1) alliance 2) at the cost of
3) stroke 4) limp
5) minus 6) regions
7) declarations 8) siege
9) raw 10) bide his time
11) have taken their toll 12) in the case of
2 1) is faced with 2) get bogged down
3) is pressing on pressed on 4) drag on
5) get by 6) dine out
7) have cut back 8) get through
3 1) The rapid advance in gene therapy may lead to the conquest of cancer in the near future
2) Production in many factories has been brought to a halt by the delayed arrival of raw materials due to the dock workers’ strike
3) Sara has made up her mind that her leisure interests willshould never get in the way of her career
4) Obviously the reporter's question caught the foreign minister off guard
5) The introduction of the electronic calculator has rendered the slide rule out of date obso lete
4 1) Being faced with an enemy forces much superior to ours we had to give up the occupation of big cities and retreat to the rural and mountainous regions to build up our bases
2) Unity is crucial to the efficient operation of an organization Failure to reckon with this problem will weaken its strength In many caseswork may be brought to a halt by constant internal struggle in an organization
3) The Red Army fought a heroic battle at Stalingrad and won the decisive victory against the Germans In fact this battle turned the tide in the Second World War During this famous battle the Soviet troops withstood the German siege
and weakened the German army by launching a series of counterattacks
IIMore Synonyms in Context
1) During the First World War battles occurred here and there over vast areas Some of the most dramatic fighting took place in the gloomy trenches of France and Belgium
2) Elizabeth made careful preparations for the interview and her efforts homework paid off
3) I spent hours trying to talk him into accepting the settlement but he turned a deaf ear to all my words
4) Pneumonia had severely weakened her body and I wondered how her fragile body could withstand the harsh weather
III Usage
1) But often it is not until we fall ill that we finally learn to appreciate good health
2) A rich old lady lay dead at home for two weeks—and nobody knew anything about it
3) It's said he dropped dead from a heart attack when he was at work
4) Don't sit too close to the fire to keep warm—you could easily get burned especially if you fall asleep
5) In those days people believed in marrying young and having children early
6) Little Tom was unable to sit still for longer than a few minutes
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
(A)
1 invasion 2 stand in the way
3 Conquest 4 catching off his guard
5 launching 6 declaration
7 campaign 8 drag on
9 reckon with 10 bringingto a halt
(B)
1 allow 2 reckoned
3 highly 4 forecasts
5 rapidly 6 instant
7 delivery 8 advantage
9 observing 10 Powerful
II Translation
1 Mr Doherty and his family are currently engaged in getting the autumn harvest in on the farm
2 We must not underestimate the enemy They are equipped with the most sophisticated weapons
3 Having been cut of a jobNot having had a job for 3months Phil is getting increasingly desperate
4 Sam as the project manager is decisive efficient and accurate in his judgment
5 Since the chemical plant was identified as the source of solution the village neighborhood committee decided to close it down at the cost of 100 jobs
The offensive had already lasted three days but we had not gained much ground Our troops engaging the enemy at the front were faced with strongfiercestiff resistance The division commander instructed our battalion to get around to the rear of the enemy and launch a surprise attack To do so however we had to cross a marshland and many of us were afraid we might get bogged down in the mud Our battalion commander decided to take a
gamble We started under cover of darkness and pressed on in spite of great difficulties By a
stroke of luck the temperature at night suddenly dropped to minus 20 degrees Celsius and the marsh froze over Thanks to the cold weather we arrived at our destination before dawn and began attacking the enemy from the rear This turned the tide of the battle The enemy caught off guard soon surrendered
Unit 2Text A
Vocabulary
I 1 1) expansion 2) automated 3) vapor 4) take control of 5) hazards 6) satellite 7) vibrated 8) magnetic 9) bunched 10) in the air 11) gotwas stuckin
12) approximately
2 1) send out 2) stand up for 3) pass for 4) were closing in on
5) starting up 6) went through 7) fill out 8) fall into
3 1)… incorporates all the latest safety features
2) …two trees ten feet apart
3) … awarding lucrative contracts to his construction site
4) … the prototype of a new model before they set up a factory to make the cars
5) … are correlated in all racial groups
41) the application remote has turned into a reality are poised to
2) that vibrate can detect frequency
3) lanes are mounted in alert a hazard
II Word Formation
Clipped Words Blends
Kilo kilogram Medicare medical care
Memo memorandum email electronic mail
gym gymnasium comsat communications satellite
lib liberation newscast news broadcast
doc doctor skyjack sky hijack
vet veterinarian Eurodollar European dollar
prep preparatory brunch breakfast and lunch
auto automobile telecast television broadcast
flu influenza Oxbridge Oxford and Cambridge
III 1 swimming pool 2 drawing board 3 enriched Middle English 4 disturbing change 5 fully developed prototype 6 Canned foods 7 working population 8 puzzling differences Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1
1) computerized 2) start up 3) be poised to 4) alert 5)hazards 6) monotonous 7) take control of 8) steer 9) lane 10) decrease 11) calculate 12) eliminate 13) getting stuck in 14) mounted 15) detect 16) vapor
2
1) generates 2) related 3) revolutionized 4) enabled 5) opportunities 6) overall 7) manufacturing 8) dependent 9) interact 10) fatalities
II Translation
1．
1) There was an unusual quietness in the air except for the sound of artillery in the distance
2) The expansion of urban areas in some African countries has been causing a significant fall in living standards and an increase in social problem
3) The research shows that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are closely correlated with global temperatures
4) The frequency of the bus service has been improved from 15 to 12 minutes recently
5) The diver stood on the edge of the diving board poised to jump at the signal from the coach
2
Automobiles have since their invention revolutionized transportation changing forever the way people live travel and do business On the other hand they have brought hazards especially highway fatalities However today
the application of computer technology and electronic sensors in designing and manufacturing cars makes it possible to eliminate most of traffic accidents For example electronic sensors mounted in your car can detect alcohol vapor in the air and refuse to start up the engine They can also monitor road conditions by receiving radio signals sent out from orbiting satellites and greatly reduce your chances of getting stuck in traffic jams
Unit 3 Text A
Content questions
1 He runs a manufacturing company
2 Almost all of them were no
3 This applicant was ill prepared for the job he was applying for and therefore ill qualified
4 Prepare to win
5 They now have to switch jobs frequently
6 A 90yearold tennis player who wanted to work on his weakness backhand court
7 Believing in yourself even when no one else does
8 Because he will mention a cab driver who is different
9 His efforts to make a difference
10He was offered a ride on a day when Minnesota was hit with one of the worst snowstorms in years and the international airport there was closed for the first time in decades
11 Because there were no tracks left in the snow which means he was the first person to take off from there
12 Carlson was excited about being first which is exactly what the writer recommends to job applicants
Text Organization
1
Parts Paragraphs Main Ideas
Part One Paras 1 6 An illprepared college graduate failed his interview
Part Two Paras 727 Four pieces of advice on being a successful interviewee
Part Three Paras 2831 Make your own tracks in whatever you do
2
Suggestions Examples
1) Prepare to win 1) Michael Jordan
2) Never stop learning 2) a 90yearold tennis player
3) Believe in yourselfeven when no one else does 3) the fourminute mile the New York Marathon and the Vietnam veteran
4) Find a way to make a difference 4) a New York cabdriver
Language Sense Enhancement
1
(1) checked with (2) interview (3) grill (4) clippings
(5) be right for (6) follow up (7) indicating （8）handdelivered
(9) prepared (10) prospective
Language Focus
I 1
1) rude 2) physically 3) structure 4) made a difference 5) blurted (out) 6) chuckling 7) measurable 8) prospective 9) preparations 10) sparkled 11) took a crack at 12) partner
2
1) go after 2) look back aton 3) be put up 4) stood for 5) build in 6) follow up 7) be hooked up to 8) closed up
3
1) grilled her about where she had been all night
2) beyond Cinderella's wildest dreams that she could one day dance in the King’s palace
3) will be in readers’ hands soon
4) do your homework before going on an interview
5) was in the neighborhood of 150 dollars
4
1）applicantsveteran the prospective
2）From his standpointhas made every endeavor to go after
3) as the saying goes to have a crack at barely
II Words with Multiple Meanings
1 behave 2 used to avoid repetition 3 Clean 4 get along
5 performcomplete 6 performcomplete 7 study 8 be enough 9 be acceptable
III Usage
1 There is so much to say and it is hard to know where to begin OK I’ll talk about myself first
2 Thank you very much John for your beautiful Christmas card By the way I have something here for you
3 The new computer language can be quite easily understood by anyone who can read the daily newspaper Now why is this an advantage
4 I’m going to work out the outline and will let you know how it goes By the way I will see you in February as I plan to attend your seminar in Shanghai
5 OK you got the job Now how to maximize your profits with as little effort as possible
6 Chris is back from Australia Incidentally those pictures you sent me are wonderful
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1
(1) prospective (2) As I see it (3) done your homework (4) beforehand
(5) endeavor (6) structure (7) partners (8) Respond (9) take a crack
(10) from the standpoint (11) make a difference (12) follow up
2
(1) encouraging (2) inquiry (3) relevant (4) samples
(5) references (6) advice (7) preparing (8) seriously
(9) probably (10) exhibit
II Translation
1
1) Despite the inadequate length of the airstrip in this emergency landing the veteran pilot managed to stop the plane after taxiing for only a short while
2) Grilled by the reporters the movie star eventually blurted (out) that she had undergone two plastic surgeries
3) We have the technology and our partner has the capital Working together we’ll have the future in our hands
4) If I had known beforehand that you would bring so many friends home I would have made better preparations You see I have barely enough food and drinks for a snack
5) People gave generously upon learning that new school rooms with stronger structures were to be built in the earthquakestricken area
2
Well begun half done as the saying goes It is extremely important for a job applicant to do his homework while seeking employment From my standpoint whether or not one has done his homework clearly makes a differences in his chance of success
I have a friend who is earning somewhere in the neighborhood of 100000 dollars a years in a large computer software company He told me that from his own experience the decision makers who interview prospective employees like people who are well prepared Those who make no endeavor to learn as much about his prospective employer as possible don't have much of a chance of success
Unit 4
Text A
Text rganization 1
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 13
Introduction to Davos Man and the World Economic Forum
Part Two
Paras 45
Debate over the impact of globalization on current society and culture
Part Three ppppPTThreeThree
Paras 68
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
Part Four
Paras 911
Globalization versus nationalism and the challenges it faces
2
Main Events
1 Davos man spends a lot of time in places other than his native country
2 Davos Man sees their identity as a mater of personal choice not an accident of birth
3 Davos Man believes that globalization the unimpeded flows of capital labor and technology across national borders is both welcome and unstoppable
4 Davos Man sees the world increasingly as one vast interconnected marketplace in which corporations search for the most advantageous locations to buy produce and sell their goods and services
Vocabulary
I
1) advantageous 2) let alone
3) witnessingvanishing 4) landmark
5) entitled 6) displace
7) Establishment 8) patrioticstrengthen
9) contradictions 10) aspires
11) divorced 12) pendulums
2 1) come to 2) dozed off
3) believed in 4) was set apart
5) take in 6) sucks in
7) clean up 8) turn away
3
1) For me it makes nolittle difference whether we go there by train or by bus
2)Toyata has overtaken General Motors as the world’s biggest car maker
3)Shortly after their marriage Mr Chambers was at odds with his wife over money matters
4)Henry has been at the forefront of nanotechnology research
5)She doesn’t even know how to boil potatoes let alone cook a meal
5 a) is increasinglyto acceleratetheir investment
b) economymake an earnestdomesticstrike a balance between
c) a handful ofbe endorsed byon a large scale
II Word Formation
WTO
World Trade Organization
世界贸易组织
GDP
Gross domestic product
国生产总值
ATM
Automated teller machine
动出纳机
VAT
Valueadded tax
增值税
CAD
Computeraided design
计算机辅助设计
IT
Information technology
信息技术
IDD
International direct dialing
国际直拨电话
MTV
Music television
音乐电视
Radar
Radio detecting and ranging
雷达
IOC
International Olympic Committee
国际奥委会
VIP
Very important person
贵宾物
Laser
Light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
激光
CPU
Central processing unit
中央处理器
III Usage
1 An unusual present a book on ethics was given to Henry for his birthday
2 The reason(he gave) that he didn’t notice the car till too late was unsatisfactory
3 Football his only interest in life has brought him many friends
4 Cloning had been raised as a possibility decades ago then dismissed something that serious scientists thought was simply not going to happen anytime soon
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
2 networking
4 growth
6 facilitate
8 outlook
10 patriotic
12 strike a balance
(A)
1 academics
3a variety of
5 vanish
7 endorsing
9 sweeping aside
11 erasing
(B)
1 aided
2effects
3distances
4 connected
5 invested
6 features
7 prevailing
8 qualitatively
9 volume
10 Distinguishing
II Translation
1) Due to his pessimistic outlook on the European economy John has moved his assets from Europe to elsewhere
2) I like hiring young people They are earnest learners and committed to work
3) Unlike her girl friends who center their lives on their children Mary cares more about her personal growth
4) Why is it that a considerable number of colleagues are at odds with you
5) The Chinese government has introduced a variety of policies to strengthen cooperation with developing countries
2．
Globalization has great implications for young Chinese For example young farmers are moving on a large scale to urban areas to look for jobs And for those young people who aspire to study abroad or work in foreigninvested enterprises English has become increasingly important At the same time a considerable number of overseas Chinese students have returned home in recent years for they hold an optimistic outlook for the longterm growth of the Chinese economy The internet has strengthened the links between Chinese young people and those elsewhere They follow the latest trend and copy foreign fashions Some of them don’t seem to care for traditional Chinese virtues let alone carry them forward which has given rise to worries that the traditional Chinese culture might one day vanish
Unit 5 TextA
oganization 1
Parts
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
Part One
Paras 1
It is no easy to judge people for they aren’t always what they appear to be
Part Two
Paras 23
Kind and gentle Edward Burton a wealthy merchant appeared as if he could not bear to hurt a fly
Part Three
Paras 451
History of globalization and its recent trends and future prospects
sections
Paragraphs
Main Ideas
section One
Paras 416
What Edward knew about Lenny
section Two
Paras 1731
How Edward responded to Lenny’s request
section Three
Paras 3251
How Edward a kind gentleman handled a friend in desperate need of help
Vocabulary
I
1) In a way 2) in accordance 3) vacancy 4) in good condition 5) transparent 6) rub 7) spicy 8) hitherto
9) with (a) bad grace 10) instinct 11) pawned 12) current
2
1) turned up 2) will stick to 3) brought back 4)go about
5) driving at 6) put away 7) over 8) took aback
3
1) has a very weak constitution she may not be able to survive the operation
2) was taken aback by the insurance company’s rejection of my compensation claim
3) was something of a surprise when we ran into each other in a place like that
4) needs trimming to be trimmed it’s getting too long
5) are often seceptive
4
1) Oddly enough went broke wrinkled he had gone all to pieces
2) definite is capable of her vanity
3) too mild sipping stroke
II Usage
1 Except for 2 except that 3 except 4 except when
5 except to 6 except what 7 except where 8 except that
III
vocabulary
spelling
AmE
BrE
AmE
BrE
apartment
flat
favorable
favourable
can
tin
paralyze
paralyse
candy
sweets
labor
labour
elevator
lift
meter
metre
faculty
staff (of a university)
catalog
catalogue
first floor
ground floor
leveling
levelling
gas gasoline
petrol
theater
theatre
post
defense
defence
railroad
railway
plow
plough
pants
trousers
program
programme
subway
tube underground
practice (v)
practise
corn
maize
characterize
characterise
store
shop
tire
tyre (on a car)
Comprehensive exercises
I Cloze
1
1) insane 2)current 3) candid 4) capable 5) was taken aback
6) in good condition 7) constitution 8） go all to pieces 9） Gone broke 10） vacancy 11） mild 12） deceptive
2
1） suspected 2） pleading 3） confirmed 4）stunned
5） lucrative 6) jewellery 7) wealthy 8) urge 9) spell 10) arrested
II Translation
1
1) I have an instinct that Henry will seek to join the expedition because he is something of an adventurer
2) He is capable of sticking to the task at hand even if he is exposed to noises
3) The trademark was registered in accordance with the laws hitherto in force
4) Oddly enough many people volunteered to help organize the meeting but only a few turned up
5) The teacher’s affectionate words along with his candid comments changed the way Mike perceived the society and himself
2
For my own part I find that appearances are all too often deceptive For instance you might be wrong if you judged by appearances only people like Edward Hyde Burton In appearance he seemed a man all of a piece He was a tiny little fellow with white hair and mild blue eyes gentle and candid Nevertheless he turned out to be very cruel He insulted and fooled Lenny who was down and out and made him commit himself to an insane venture What was still more surprising was that he was completely indifferent to Lenny’s death Without doubt Burton was a man with a heart of stone
Key to Unit6 Book4 The Pace of Life
Vocabulary 1
1) appliances 2) comparative 3) multiply 4) distribution
5) prosperity 6) decorate 7) famine 8) large quantities of a large quantity of
9) streamline 10) fax 11) pointed the way to 12) bewildered
Vocabulary 2
1) eat into 2) cling to
3) stand out stood out 4) wears away
5) set about 6) switch off
7) will be turned loose 8) poured in
Vocabulary 3
is forecast to be below average next year which at the moment is 4 percent
to enter the building and find the baby girl proved futile as rescuers were driven out by the heat and flames
was urged to divert some of its attention from expanding production and get more involved with issues of market demand
can really eat heavily into your profits when you are selling suits at ￡900 and dresses at ￡2000
has toiled endlessly over the exercise machine for the last twenty years in order to keep her body in shape
Vocabulary 4
reaction to discontent provoked
convention evading tax the confines of
a burden are always on the go seem forever on the go to cope
II Confusable Words
1 1) nervousness 2) tension 3) stress stress 4) tension
2 1) honorary 2) Honorable 3) honorable 4) honorary 5) honorable 6) Honorary
III Usage
Dealing with the extinction crisis is no simple matter Is it sensible we may ask to spend large sums of money to save some species – be it an elephant or an orchid – in a nation in which a large proportion of the population is living below the poverty line
This new technology could be used anywhere large numbers of people need to be quickly screened at airports train stations bus terminals or border crossings However experts suspect there is also the risk that people will learn to fool the machine the same way they try to fool polygraph readings by controlling their breath or taking drugs to relax themselves
With a high percentage of marriages ending in divorce often due to financial difficulties you would say that money is a big factor in making a good marriage But believe it or not it isn’t money that ensures you a happy marriage it is your philosophy of life that does
Not all the risks on the Internet are sexual you know Sites promoting violence are just a click away and may include instructions for making bombs and other destructive devices
Cloze (Textrelated)
1) switch off 2) obliged 3) on the go 4) cope
5) shortage 6) large quantity of 7) pouring in 8) by nature
9) fraction 10) futile
Cloze (Themerelated)
1) advantage 2) wisely 3) faithfully
4) waking 5) includes 6) schedule
7) sticking 8) priorities 9) set
10) respect
Translation
They are exploring the new frontiers of medical science in an attempt to find remedies for incurable diseases cures for diseases that are beyond remedy so far
Her unique teaching methods apart Ms Wilson my math teacher never tried to cram knowledge into my head
The regular weather forecast by the Central TV Station keeps us up with the changes of weather wherever we go on a trip
The appalling explosion started a big fire and caused the partial collapse of the building
In the modern world there are more ways than ever to waste away time and all kinds of distractions are eating into our precious time
Today we are under constant pressure to work longer hours to produce more and to possess more Lots of people hold the wrong perception that happiness lies in working hard and earning well good money
Many women today feel the same stress to work and get ahead and at the same time to nurture their offspring and shoulder the burden of domestic responsibilities
Research shows that workaholism tends to distance us from our immediate families It forces us to toil longer and longer hours leaving a minute fraction of our time to be physically and emotionally available to our loved ones Intimacy among family members is doomed to die in the process
Unit 7 TextA
Vocabulary
I
1) 1 divined 2 nerves 3 solidarity 4 sacred mourn 5 coated
6 perish 7 hijack 8 grief 9 farewell 10 take revenge on 11 revolves 12 denounced
2) 1 drop… off 2 applied for 3 went off 4 are gaining on
5 bring down 6 blotted out 7 think back on 8 picking at
3) 1 brought down the American housing market in 2008
2 what will happen after his son steps into his shoes
3 not in the mood to go out
4 long before the market began to show signs of weakness
5 mourn the loss of the tranquil life we had in the countryside
4) 1 in the aftermath of to blot our the tragic
2 armed at dust accomplices explosives
3 in the space of no illusion
II Collocation
1 a little of 2 a few most of many of 3 much 4 few
5 many 6 many of 7 much of 8 little
9 few of 10 Some
IIIUsage
1 As the boy grew older
2 she sings as beautifully as a nightingale sings like a nightingale
3 they don’t see themselves as servants of the people
4 As she had left her key in the office
5 Just do as you are told
6 Areas once regarded as rural
7 as they do in China
8 As he was brave and loyal as well
Comprehensive Exercises
I Cloze
1) Textrelated
1 mood 2 tragic 3 in the (immediate) aftermath of 4 chaos
5 toppling 6 solidarity 7 take revenge on 8 thinking back on
9 mourning 10 perished
2) Themerelated
1 crashed 2 horrible 3 harsh 4 protect 5 remove
6 utterly 7 truly 8 justify 9 rewarded 10devastating
II Translation
1)
1 Some highranking officers of the armed forces started a coup toppling the government and throwing the country into chaos
2 The falling market shattered the illusion about getting rich quickly
3 Thinking back on the history of World War II we can see that the formation of the Allies was the natural product of the development of political and military circumstances then
4 Paul felt stung when Jim called him a religious fanatic But as he was in no mood for q quarrelnot in a quarreling mood he simply pretended not to hear it
5 People say that time heals all wounds But for those who have lost their loved ones in the event will time fill up the void in their hearts
2)
Today long after the earthquake shook hit my tometown I can still recall in crystal detail what I saw as I ran out of my home with my parents The building just across the street toppled right before our eyes debris flew everywhere and a cloud of choking dust blotted out the sun Horrorstricken people ran in all directions crying and screaming
Now many years after that tragic event a new town has risen on the wreckage of the old one In the town square a memorial has been build to remember those killed in the disaster It seems the wounds in people’s hearts have healed but the memory will linger
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