定语句中六陷阱
**天祝中 王曰福
定语句中学英语中较难掌握句规繁杂难记忆学运程中常常会掉入种种陷阱现纳分析：
1 关系代词that which 错
A） 然that which 指物时均句中作语宾语情况thatwhich
(1) 先行词all everthing anything nothing littlemuch 等定代词时（something面句thatwhich引导）
：He told us all that he had done
（2）先行词 very both the only all every no any little much some 修饰时
：This is the only English – Chinese dictionary that I have
（3）先行词形容词高级修饰时
This is the most beautiful city that I have visited
（4）先行词序数词修饰时
：This is the last lesson that we have this term
（5） 先行词包括包括物时
：They talked for hours of things and persons that they rememered at the school
（6）语whowhich开头特殊疑问句时
：Which is the coat that you like best
（7）先行词定语句中作表语时先行词物
：China is no loner the country that she was
B)关系代词指物时whichthat 情况
（1）关系代词句中作介词宾语介词提关系代词前时which（介词句句尾时两者皆）
：This is the question about which we have had so much discussionThis is the question which that we have had so much discussion about
（2）非限定性定语句中必须whichthat
：They have invited me to visit their country which is very kind of them
2 关系代词漏
定语句中关系代词作语时省略（定语句改现分词形式作定语）
：The student whothat is standing there is our monitor
(The student standing there is our monitor)
3 关系代词关系副词混淆
A） that whichwhen
先行词时间名词时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词when 取决该先行词句中充语宾语时间状语
：Do you still remember the day (thatwhich) we first spent together(作宾语省略)
It was on the next day when the baby was born that the mother died(作状语)
B） thatwhich where
先行词点名词时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词where取决该先行词句中充语宾语点状语
：I will never forget the school (thatwhich) we visited last Sunday(作宾语省略)
Plants can’t grow in the place where there is no water(作状语)
C） thatwhich why
先行词reason 时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词why取决该先行词句中充语宾语原状语
：Is this the reason (thatwhich) he gives for being late （作宾语省略）
There are several reasons why we can’t do that(作状语)
4 定语句谓致
定语句先行词one of …结构时先行词of 复数名词代词句谓语动词复数形式先行词the(only very ) one of …结构时谓语动词单数形式
：This is one of the rooms that are free now
Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who kowns a little Chinese
5 定语句重复词
A） 关系词疑问词重复
句疑问词whowhich 开头避免重复定语句引导词that代
：Who is the man that shook hands with you just now
Which is the book that you want to borrow from me
B） 关系词换词重复
：This is the jacket which I bought it last month(误)
析：关系代词which 已句中充宾语it 余
：Is this the museum where Jane has worked there for twenty years (误)
析：关系副词 where 已句中充点状语there 余
6 定语句 中介词选
介词+关系代词结构中关系代词指时whom指物时which余介词选考虑：1）介词先行词搭配关系2）介词句中谓语动词搭配关系3）介词句中形容词名词等搭配关系等（该结构般应关系副词相互转换）
：I’ ll never forget the day on which I joined the Party(指具体天介词on)
Do you know from which they borrowed the book(borrow…from 搭配)
The watch of which she felt pround was worth more than 2400 dollars（短语 befeel pround of）
文发表<<日英语报>>
But 法
**天祝中 王曰福
But 词作连词介词副词惯搭配固定法现法作纳
1 作连词
1． 作等立连词前词短语分词相互作 然解例：
She is young but very experienced 然年轻验丰富
2． 表示歉意话语表示谢绝赞成例：
I’m sorry but I disagree with you 起意意见
3． 两列分句间前面否定词形成 …… ……解例：
It never rains but it pours雨已雨倾盆
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society 走房子时没次想起旧社会悲惨生活
二作介词
1 no nobody nothing none who 等词连作……外解排类中分子整体中部分例
Noboby knew her but me外没认识
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan计划带灾难益处
2 But 前面do 某种形式时but面动词定式省略to 前没do 某种形式时but 面定式带to例：
We had no choice but to wait等选择
He did nothing all day long but watch TV整天电视事做
3 last next one two 等连作 倒数第二第三等解例：
Jack was the last but one to arrive 杰克倒数第二达
三作副词
1． 意思相only 面名词动词例：
Tom is but a child汤姆孩子
We can but try now现尝试遍
2． But出现 too……to……结构前面时定式含肯定意义例：
I’m but too glad to go there with you 非常高兴起里
四含but 惯语
1． but for without 意 果没意思相虚拟条件句例：
But for the rain (If it hadn’t rained) we would have had a pleasant journey 天雨次旅行惬意
But for your help we couldn’ carried out the plan果没帮助 实现计划
2． but that except that 意非引导虚拟条件句例：
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time 时侯没钱会帮助
3． But then except that 意方面例：
London is a noisy place but then it’s also a place where you get the best entertainment 伦敦闹市 够娱乐方
4． nothing but only意 例：
We could see nothing but water 见水
5． not…but…意…………连接两列名词形容词副词短语分句等例：
My bag is not black but red 书包黑色红色
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard失败聪明努力工作
6． no… but…意没 例
No child but likes Old Li in our village 没孩子喜欢村老李
7． not only … but also …意 连接两列成分例：
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting 参加次会议
8． not that… but that…意 …………例：
Not that the car is out of order but that I’ve not learned to drive汽车出障没学会开车
9． can’t help but do…意 ……忍住……例：
I can’t help but cry 忍住哭
10． all but意 ……外全例：
All but mother in my family can speak English母亲外家会说英语
His theory is all but correct 理正确
11． anything but意见决例：
He is anything but a good headmaster 见校长
This car is anything but beautiful 辆汽车根漂亮
12． but now意 刚刚适例：
I saw him in the office but now 刚刚见办公室
I heard the commander talk about you just now适听司令讲您
13． can (or could) but意 例：
His father can but know a few letters 父亲认字母
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick 老太太拄者拐杖慢慢前走
14． can (or could) not but意 忍住例：
I could not but tell him about it 告诉件事
Seeing her husband’s funny face she could not but laugh 见丈夫滑稽面孔忍住笑起
15． cannot (or could not) choose but意 必须例：
They could not choose but obey 服外选择
16． never … but意…………例：
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend Xiao Ya 见王女士时想起朋友雅
Her brother never comes but he asks her for money 兄弟时总钱
17． next but one意 例：
They used to live in the next house but one to me住隔壁隔壁
18． no one but意 ……外谁例
No one but a madman would say such words 疯子谁会说样话
19． not so…(such a …)but (that)…意 没（……）例：
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood 英语差意思讲清楚步
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**天祝中 王曰福
定语句中学英语中较难掌握句规繁杂难记忆学运程中常常会掉入种种陷阱现纳分析：
1 关系代词that which 错
A） 然that which 指物时均句中作语宾语情况thatwhich
(1) 先行词all everthing anything nothing littlemuch 等定代词时（something面句thatwhich引导）
：He told us all that he had done
（2）先行词 very both the only all every no any little much some 修饰时
：This is the only English – Chinese dictionary that I have
（3）先行词形容词高级修饰时
This is the most beautiful city that I have visited
（4）先行词序数词修饰时
：This is the last lesson that we have this term
（5） 先行词包括包括物时
：They talked for hours of things and persons that they rememered at the school
（6）语whowhich开头特殊疑问句时
：Which is the coat that you like best
（7）先行词定语句中作表语时先行词物
：China is no loner the country that she was
B)关系代词指物时whichthat 情况
（1）关系代词句中作介词宾语介词提关系代词前时which（介词句句尾时两者皆）
：This is the question about which we have had so much discussionThis is the question which that we have had so much discussion about
（2）非限定性定语句中必须whichthat
：They have invited me to visit their country which is very kind of them
2 关系代词漏
定语句中关系代词作语时省略（定语句改现分词形式作定语）
：The student whothat is standing there is our monitor
(The student standing there is our monitor)
3 关系代词关系副词混淆
A） that whichwhen
先行词时间名词时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词when 取决该先行词句中充语宾语时间状语
：Do you still remember the day (thatwhich) we first spent together(作宾语省略)
It was on the next day when the baby was born that the mother died(作状语)
B） thatwhich where
先行词点名词时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词where取决该先行词句中充语宾语点状语
：I will never forget the school (thatwhich) we visited last Sunday(作宾语省略)
Plants can’t grow in the place where there is no water(作状语)
C） thatwhich why
先行词reason 时定语句引导词关系代词关系副词why取决该先行词句中充语宾语原状语
：Is this the reason (thatwhich) he gives for being late （作宾语省略）
There are several reasons why we can’t do that(作状语)
4 定语句谓致
定语句先行词one of …结构时先行词of 复数名词代词句谓语动词复数形式先行词the(only very ) one of …结构时谓语动词单数形式
：This is one of the rooms that are free now
Professor Johnson is the only one of the experts who kowns a little Chinese
5 定语句重复词
A） 关系词疑问词重复
句疑问词whowhich 开头避免重复定语句引导词that代
：Who is the man that shook hands with you just now
Which is the book that you want to borrow from me
B） 关系词换词重复
：This is the jacket which I bought it last month(误)
析：关系代词which 已句中充宾语it 余
：Is this the museum where Jane has worked there for twenty years (误)
析：关系副词 where 已句中充点状语there 余
6 定语句 中介词选
介词+关系代词结构中关系代词指时whom指物时which余介词选考虑：1）介词先行词搭配关系2）介词句中谓语动词搭配关系3）介词句中形容词名词等搭配关系等（该结构般应关系副词相互转换）
：I’ ll never forget the day on which I joined the Party(指具体天介词on)
Do you know from which they borrowed the book(borrow…from 搭配)
The watch of which she felt pround was worth more than 2400 dollars（短语 befeel pround of）
文发表<<日英语报>>
But 法
**天祝中 王曰福
But 词作连词介词副词惯搭配固定法现法作纳
1 作连词
1． 作等立连词前词短语分词相互作 然解例：
She is young but very experienced 然年轻验丰富
2． 表示歉意话语表示谢绝赞成例：
I’m sorry but I disagree with you 起意意见
3． 两列分句间前面否定词形成 …… ……解例：
It never rains but it pours雨已雨倾盆
I never go past that house but I think of my miserable life in the old society 走房子时没次想起旧社会悲惨生活
二作介词
1 no nobody nothing none who 等词连作……外解排类中分子整体中部分例
Noboby knew her but me外没认识
Nothing but disaster would come from such a plan计划带灾难益处
2 But 前面do 某种形式时but面动词定式省略to 前没do 某种形式时but 面定式带to例：
We had no choice but to wait等选择
He did nothing all day long but watch TV整天电视事做
3 last next one two 等连作 倒数第二第三等解例：
Jack was the last but one to arrive 杰克倒数第二达
三作副词
1． 意思相only 面名词动词例：
Tom is but a child汤姆孩子
We can but try now现尝试遍
2． But出现 too……to……结构前面时定式含肯定意义例：
I’m but too glad to go there with you 非常高兴起里
四含but 惯语
1． but for without 意 果没意思相虚拟条件句例：
But for the rain (If it hadn’t rained) we would have had a pleasant journey 天雨次旅行惬意
But for your help we couldn’ carried out the plan果没帮助 实现计划
2． but that except that 意非引导虚拟条件句例：
He would have helped me but that he was short of money at that time 时侯没钱会帮助
3． But then except that 意方面例：
London is a noisy place but then it’s also a place where you get the best entertainment 伦敦闹市 够娱乐方
4． nothing but only意 例：
We could see nothing but water 见水
5． not…but…意…………连接两列名词形容词副词短语分句等例：
My bag is not black but red 书包黑色红色
He failed not because he isn’t clever but because he didn’t work hard失败聪明努力工作
6． no… but…意没 例
No child but likes Old Li in our village 没孩子喜欢村老李
7． not only … but also …意 连接两列成分例：
Not only you but also she has to attend the meeting 参加次会议
8． not that… but that…意 …………例：
Not that the car is out of order but that I’ve not learned to drive汽车出障没学会开车
9． can’t help but do…意 ……忍住……例：
I can’t help but cry 忍住哭
10． all but意 ……外全例：
All but mother in my family can speak English母亲外家会说英语
His theory is all but correct 理正确
11． anything but意见决例：
He is anything but a good headmaster 见校长
This car is anything but beautiful 辆汽车根漂亮
12． but now意 刚刚适例：
I saw him in the office but now 刚刚见办公室
I heard the commander talk about you just now适听司令讲您
13． can (or could) but意 例：
His father can but know a few letters 父亲认字母
The old lady could but walk slowly with a stick 老太太拄者拐杖慢慢前走
14． can (or could) not but意 忍住例：
I could not but tell him about it 告诉件事
Seeing her husband’s funny face she could not but laugh 见丈夫滑稽面孔忍住笑起
15． cannot (or could not) choose but意 必须例：
They could not choose but obey 服外选择
16． never … but意…………例：
He never sees Miss Wang but he thinks of his friend Xiao Ya 见王女士时想起朋友雅
Her brother never comes but he asks her for money 兄弟时总钱
17． next but one意 例：
They used to live in the next house but one to me住隔壁隔壁
18． no one but意 ……外谁例
No one but a madman would say such words 疯子谁会说样话
19． not so…(such a …)but (that)…意 没（……）例：
His English is not so bad but he can make himself understood 英语差意思讲清楚步
文发表<<中学英语园>>
文香网httpwwwxiangdangnet
《香当网》用户分享的内容，不代表《香当网》观点或立场，请自行判断内容的真实性和可靠性！
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