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考研英语核心必考词精选
赵 亮


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历年真题出现 10 次词汇
influence [ˈinfluəns] n影响(力)势力权势 vt影响
[真题连线] That experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but
nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering[1995 年阅读 5] 种影响行
历回忆种常见意义重活动
process [ˈprəuses] n程程序工序vt处理加工
[真题连线] And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully Ericssion
determined was a process known as deliberate practice[2007 年阅读 1] 埃里克森认富
成效编译信息方法意识练（种程）
tend [tend] vi趋倾 vt护理
[真题连线] The kind of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
situations by unfortunately parents or other family numbers and they tend not to be oneshot deals
[2008 年阅读 1] 女性面间暴力发生家庭环境中幸实
施者趋父母家庭成员
project [ˈprɔdʒekt] n方案计划项目工程 vt发射放映伸出
[真题连线] The organization is deep into a long selfanalysis known as the journalism credibility
project [2008 年阅读 1] 该组织正深入进行长期剖析程新闻信度调查项
目
growth [grəuθ] n增长增长量生长发展生长物
[真题连线] The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is
widely misunderstood by economists and politicians alike[2009 年阅读 3] 济学家抑
政治学家普遍误解贫穷国家中正规教育济发展间关系
professional [prəˈfeʃənəl] a娴熟专业 n专业员
[真题连线] The bodies playing major professional sports have changed dramatically over the years
and the managers have been more than willing to adjust team uniforms to fit the growing numbers
of bigger longer frames [2010 年阅读 B] 年事职业运动运动员身高发生巨
变化理乐意调整队服适应断增越越越越高身躯
intellectual [ˌintiˈlektʃuəl] a智力善思维 n知识分子
[真题连线] But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life we may consider the
original Puritans as carriers of European culture adjusting to New World circumstances[2009 年阅
读 4] 南部学术界研究保持致视初清教徒视欧洲文化
传播者适应新陆环境
rate [reit] n进度率率 v评估评价
[真题连线] At the same time the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place
at a vastly accelerated speed compared with the past[2009 年阅读 4] 时世界范围正
常社会变革速度加速
economy [iˈkɔnəmi] n济(制度情况)节约
[真题连线] Changes in the economy that lead to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising
unemployment in general make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain[2004 年完型]
济情况恶化年轻工作机会减少失业率断升总体言挣钱工作
越越少
issue [ˈisju] n问题vt 分发 流出颁布出版

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[真题连线] Setting the proper investment level for security redundancy and recovery is a
management issue not a technical one [2007 年阅读 4] 数安全备份恢复设立恰投
资标准理问题技术问题
theory [ˈθiəri] n理原理学说法
[典型例句] In sum theory should be combined with practice
[例句精译] 总言理应该实践相结合
thorough [ˈθʌrə] a彻底完全细致
[典型例句] He had a thorough knowledge of both western and Chinese learning
[例句精译] 学贯中西
view [vju] n观点眼界景色 vt观察
[真题连线] Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve
of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person [2007
年阅读 B] 传统言类院校般视法律学律师专特权非视作位
受教育应必备 知识
intelligence [inˈtelidʒəns] n智力智慧情报消息
[真题连线] Clearly intelligence encompasses more than a score on a test [2007 年阅读 2] 显然
智力包含远止测试中分数
social [ˈsəuʃəl] a社会交际
[真题连线] American social scientist Lewis Henry Morgan introduced another theory of cultural
evolution in the late 1800s [2009 年阅读B] 美国社会科学家路易斯亨利摩根19 世纪期引
入种文化进化
technology [tekˈnɔlədʒi] n工艺技术
evidence [ˈevidəns] n根证迹象
[真题连线] Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that
insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them [2010 年阅读 C] 科学家匆忙出某
明显站住脚证前救驾致说果鸟控制害虫话害虫会
切吃光
inflation [inˈfleiʃən] n通货膨胀(充气)膨胀
[真题连线]It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and
global excess demand[2002 年阅读 3] 次（油价升）非发生物价普遍涨全球性
需求度背景
account [əˈkaunt] n记述账(户)解释 vi说明（数量例）占
[真题连线]What might account for this strange phenomenon[2007 年阅读 1] 解释奇怪
现象呢？
risk [risk] n危险风险 vt……危险
[典型例句] All the people who know this secret represent a security risk
[例句精译] 知晓秘密安全危险
create [kriˈeit] vt创造引起产生
[典型例句] Some people believe that God created the world
[例句精译] 旧相信创世（帝创造世界）
data [ˈdeitə] n数资料
decline [diˈklain] nvi 降减少衰退vt谢绝婉拒
[典型例句] The decline of literature indicates the decline of a nation the two keep pace in their
downward tendency

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[例句精译] 文学衰落表明民族衰落两者走坡路时候齐头进
intend [inˈtend] vt算计划
[典型例句] We intend to apply economic sanctions
[例句精译] 计划施济制裁
trend [trend] n趋势倾时新款式时尚
[典型例句] The general trend under heaven is that there is bound to be unification after prolonged
division and division after prolonged unification
[例句精译] 天势分久必合合久必分
behavior [biˈheiviə] n行举止（机器）运转情况
[真题连线] Such behavior is regarded as all to human with the underlying assumption that other
animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance[2005 年阅读 1]
认种行仅仅属类特潜意识认动物具备种高度发达满情绪
benefit [ˈbenifit] n益处 v 获益益
[真题连线] Examples of benefits or costs of the current concentration wave are scanty [2001 年阅
读 4] 目前证明股合浪潮利弊实例
ambition [æmˈbiʃən] n雄心野心
[真题连线] If ambition is to be well regarded the rewards of ambition—wealth distinction control
over one’s destiny—must be deemed worthy of the sacrifices made on ambition’s behalf [2000 年
阅读 5] 雄心壮志够正确回报—财富名权力应该认值
付出牺牲
productivity [ˌprɔdʌkˈtiviti] n生产力生产率
[真题连线] More recently while examining housing construction the researchers discovered that
illiterate nonEnglishspeaking Mexican workers in Houston Texas consistently met bestpractice
labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry’s work [2009 年阅读
3] 研究员调查房屋建设时发现房产行业工作十分复杂德克萨斯州
休斯顿未受什教育母语非英语墨西哥工总达佳劳动力生产
标准
spot [spɔt] n点斑点污点 vt认出玷污
[真题连线] Hot spots anchored in the deeper layers of the earth provide the measuring
instruments needed to resolve the question [1998 年阅读 5] 位球深层结构热点区
解决问题提供测量工具
available [əˈveiləbəl] a 利
[真题连线] The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency
signals aside from the smell of smoke which might indicate the danger of fire [2005 年完型]
脑发现利（现成）嗅觉感受器感知熟悉紧急信息例烟味道
预示着火灾危险
community [kəˈmjuniti] n社会团体界群落社区
[真题连线] Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assistedsuicide debate has been
fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical
agony of dying [2002 年阅读 4] 许医疗界士承认致医助杀场争升温原部
分病绝情绪病言现代医学延长终前肉体痛苦
concept [ˈkɔnsept] n概念观念

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[真题连线] For any job search you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want
to do—then broaden it [2004 年阅读 1] 寻找种工作狭窄概念开始
想做什工作然加扩展
contrast [ˈkɔntrɑst] n v 形成
[典型例句] The coastal areas have mild winters but by contrast the central plains become
extremely cold
[例句精译] 海区冬天天气暖相中部原异常寒冷
federal [ˈfedərəl] a联邦联邦政府
[真题连线] To help homeless people toward independence the federal government must support
job training program raise the minimum wage and fund more lowcost housing[2006 年完型]
帮助家者走独立联邦政府必须支持职业培训课程提高基工资建设更
低价住房
management [ˈmænidʒmənt] n理营理部门
[典型例句] If labor and management don＇t reach an accommodation there will be a strike
[例句精译] 劳资双方达成协议罢工避免
advantage [ədˈvɑntidʒ] n优点利条件(素)处
function [ˈfʌŋkʃən] n功函数 vi运行起作
[真题连线] Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress
before it threatens your health and your ability to function [2008 年阅读 1] 爱尔沃瑞茨历表
明压力威胁健康机前找方法疏导点重
industrial [inˈdʌstriəl] a工业产业
[真题连线] Average inflation in the big seven industrial economies fell to a mere 23％ last year
close to its lowest level in 30 years before rising slightly to 25％ this July [1997 年阅读 5] 七
工业国年均通货膨胀率仅 23％接 30 年低水年七月略微升
25％
involve [inˈvɔlv] vt卷入陷入参
[真题连线] Deliberate practice entails more that simply repeating a task Rather it involves setting
specific goals obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on
outcome [2007 年阅读 1] 意练需简单重复务相反涉确定
明确目标获时反馈注重方法结果
species [ˈspiʃiz] n种类物种
[真题连线] Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living
biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean but rather changes in that biomass
over time[2006 年阅读 3] 目非试图估计海洋中某区域鱼类物种数量（活生物物种
数量）生物总量历年发生变化
structure [ˈstrʌktʃə] n结构构造建筑物 vt构造建造
[真题连线] The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connections with the
process of thought [2004 年阅读 C] 希腊认语言结构思维程间存某种联系
ability [əˈbiliti] n力领智
[真题连线] Alvarez’s experience demonstrates the importance of finding ways to diffuse stress
before it threatens your health and your ability to function [2008 年阅读 1] 爱尔沃瑞茨历表
明压力威胁健康机前找方法疏导点重
environment [inˈvaiərənmənt] n环境周围状况

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[真题连线] A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague
pronouncements cloud their reputations [2011 年阅读 2] 动荡安商业环境高级理
谨慎微免模糊表态影响声誉
essential [iˈsenʃəl] a必少质 n[ pl]素必需品
[真题连线] We must pour out a large stream of essential words unhampered by stops or
qualifying adjectives or finite verbs [2000 年阅读 3] 必须量基词汇摆脱句号
修饰性形容词限定动词羁绊
evolution [ˌivəˈluʃən] n 演变进化发展
[真题连线] Darwin had a phrase to describe those ignorant of evolution they look at an organic
as a savage looks at a ship as at something wholly beyond his comprehension [2000 年阅读 2]
进化知达尔文句话描述机生命野
船样仿佛某种完全法理解东西
likely [ˈlaikli] a希 ad
moreover [mɔˈrəuvə] ad外
potential [pəˈtenʃəl] a潜 n潜力潜
[真题连线] When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential they
could in turn afford more education[2009 年阅读 3] 种竞争环境迫先达种潜力
时力接受更教育
principle [ˈprinsəpl] n原原理信条
[真题连线] Since the days of Aristotle a search for universal principles has characterized the
scientific enterprise [2012 年阅读 C] 亚里士德时起宇宙定律探索便直科
学事业重特征
reveal [riˈvil] vt揭露展现显示
[真题连线]Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation early
leaders and the fragile nature of the countrys infancy[2008 年阅读 4] 位历史学家著作揭示
美国国父道德方面做妥协建国伊始国家脆弱质
stress [stres] n压力重音强调 vt强调
[真题连线] Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress Men are exposed to more acts of
random physical violence [2008 年阅读 1] 男走战场承受着战斗压力男性承受更
机身体暴力行
billion [ˈbiljən] n十亿
cater [ˈkeitə] vi迎合提供饮食服务
[典型例句] It is difficult to cater for all tastes
[例句精译] 众口难调
fund [fʌnd] n基金现款 vt ……提供资金
[真题连线] To help homeless people toward independence the federal government must support
job training programs raise the minimum wage and fund more lowcost housing [2006 年完型]
帮助家者走独立联邦政府必须支持业培训项目提高低工资资助建设
更低价住房
individual [ˌindiˈvidʒuəl] a单独 n体
[真题连线] Some individuals would therefore not have been caught since no baited hooks would
have been available to trap them leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past [2006 阅读
3] 没带饵鱼钩诱捕鱼（类）会逃生会导致鱼类
数量低估

7
mass [mæs] n量团块[ pl]群众 质量
[真题连线] In the West before mass communication and literacy the most powerful mass medium
was the Church [2000 年阅读 2] 西方众传媒文学普前强势众媒介便
教堂
obvious [ˈɔbviəs] a显然明显
[典型例句] All great truths are obvious truthsBut no all obvious truths are great truths
[例句精译] 伟真理明摆着事实显易见事实伟真理
policy [ˈpɔləsi] n政策方针保险单
[真题连线] With the risks obvious and growing a prudent people would take out an insurance
policy now [2005 年阅读 2]着种显易见风险断增加审慎民族现便应
该准备份保险单
responsible [riˈspɔnsəbəl] a需承担责责感重
[典型例句] Who＇s responsible for the terrible mess
[例句精译] 谁应该种混乱负责？
commercial [kəˈməʃəl] a商业(性) n商业广告
conduct [ˈkɔndəkt ˈkɔndʌkt] vt理指挥输送 n行理(方式)
[典型例句] As an artist＇s son he did not consider himself constrained by the same rules of social
conduct as other people
[例句精译] 认艺术家子必样接受社会准约束
dam [dæm] n水坝水堤
[真题连线] The lesson from dam is that big is not always beautiful It does not help that building a
big powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert
themselves[1998 年阅读 1] 建造坝出教训：未必总美教训
旧法阻止力争肯定国家民样认：修建雄伟坝已成伟
成象征
debate [diˈbeit] n／ v辩争
[真题连线]At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin 56 who took over for the late Steve
Ross in 1992[1997 年阅读 4] 位场争中心公司席杰拉德 1992 年已
席史蒂夫罗斯手中接重
directly [diˈrektli] ad直接立
draft [drɑft] n草稿汇票征兵 vt起草征募
[真题连线]The first draft will appear on the page only if you stop avoiding the inevitable and sit
stand up or lie down to write[2008 年阅读 B] 逃避逃避事时
坐着站着甚躺着写初稿会跃然
feature [ˈfitʃə] n特征特色 vt突出……演
[真题连线]It is an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location title and
salary then emails them when a matching position is posed in the database[2004 年阅读 1] 具
互动功允许访问者键入诸点职称薪水等求等数库出现合适职位便
电子邮件通知
former [ˈfɔmə] a前前 n[the～]前者
[真题连线] In the former case the education is incidental it is natural and important but it is not
the express reason of the association [2009 年阅读 B] 前者言教育偶然然
重种联系存特理
humor [ˈhjumə] n幽默（感）心情 vt 迁

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[真题连线] Look at your talk and pick out a few words or sentences which you can turn about and
inject with humor[2002 年阅读 1] 考虑谈话选出改变词汇句子幽
默注入中
local [ˈləukəl] a方性局部
[真题连线]The townsfolk don not see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to
the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company[2006 年阅读 2]镇居民然方议会
直接予皇家莎士亚剧团补助
panel [ˈpænl] n 专门组控制板仪表盘
[真题连线] The panel has not yet reached agreement on a crucial question however whether to
recommend legislation that would make it a crime for private funding to be used for human
cloning[1999 年阅读 4] 该组关键问题尚存争议否建议立法机关私资金
克隆行视作犯罪
predict [priˈdikt] vt预言预测预告
[真题连线] Last week his firm was busy vacuuming up data bits from the far corners of the world
and predicting a crisis in Ukraine[2003 年阅读 1] 周公司忙世界遥远角落搜
集零散数预测乌克兰出现危机
purchase [ˈpətʃəs] vt买购买 n购买购买物品
[典型例句] Sell not virtue to purchase wealth nor liberty to purchase power
[例句精译] 勿美德换财富勿换权力
religion [riˈlidʒən] n 宗教信仰信条信念
[真题连线]Meanwhile many settlers had slighter religious commitments than Dane’s as one
clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the
New World for religion[2009 年阅读 4]时许似戴恩样信奉宗教正
位牧师验谈：海边攀谈时渔民嘲弄说宗教新
陆
security [siˈkjuəriti] n 安全安定保证
[典型例句]we are all concerned for the security of the passenger on the ship
[例句精译]担心船客安全
shift [ʃift] v 转移转换 n 转换轮班
[典型例句]I can not believe in youfor you are always constantly shifting your position
[例句精译]法信立场时时刻刻转变
strategy [ˈstrætədʒi] n 战略策略
[典型例句] The essence of all good strategy is simplicity
[例句精译] 切优秀战略精髓非简单二字
argument [ˈɑɡjumənt] n 辩点
[典型例句] There are some good arguments for a technical education given to the right kind of
students
[例句精译] 充分说明合适学生进行职业教育必须
avoid [əˈvɔid] vt 避免预防
[典型例句] In dealing with strangers the rule for British society is that you must avoid staring at
them but at the same time avoid ignoring them
[例句精译] 英国社会陌生交道时避免直盯着时避免
产生忽视感觉
boom [bum] n 隆隆声繁荣 vi 发出隆隆声迅速增长
[真题连线]Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stockmarket swings which

9
investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom [2004 年阅读 3]诚然消费
者似直受股票市场波动影响投资者视持续繁荣必素democracy
[diˈmɔkrəsi] n 民民制民国家
[典型例句] Democracy is a bulwark of freedom
[例句精译] 民基石
discipline [ˈdisiplin] n 学科纪律 vt＼n 训练惩罚
[典型例句] You are committed to further study in your current discipline
[例句精译] 目前事学科求必须深造
nerve [nəv] n 神勇气敏感处
[典型例句] She had the nerve to say he was wrong
[例句精译] 敢直指错误真勇气
powerful [ˈpauəfəl] a强权力强壮
[典型例句] We will have not only a powerful army but also a powerful air force and a powerful
navy
[例句精译] 仅建设支强陆军建设支强空军海军
profit [ˈprɔfit] vt 益 vi 益 n 利益收益
[典型例句] we hope our proposals will profit you
[例句精译] 希建议裨益
analysis [əˈnæləsis] n 分析分析报告
[真题连线] Instead of a plan of action they continue to press for more research—a classical case of
paralysis by analysis [2005 年阅读 2]相反旧求做进步研究种典型
说做终误事行


历年真题出现 510 次词汇
appeal [əˈpil] vi＼n 呼吁诉 vt …诉吸引
[真题连线] If the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general
education its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators [2007 年阅读 C]
法学正开始成普通教育重组成部分话目标方法理应刻吸引新闻
学教育者
capacity [kəˈpæsiti] n 容量力身份职位
[典型例句] I do not believe in equality of capacity but I do believe in equality of opportunity
[例句精译] 相信力均等相信机会均等
challenge [ˈtʃælindʒ] n 挑战质问 难题 vt …挑战质疑
[真题连线] In dealing with a challenge on such a scale it is no exaggeration to say United we
stand divided we fall [2005 年阅读 C] 直面规模挑战毫夸张说联合立分裂
废
complex [ˈkɔmpleks] a复合复杂 n综合体建筑群
[典型例句] That is a complex issuebut he solved it so easy
[例句精译] 异常复杂问题轻易解决
creative [kriˈeitiv] a创造(性)创造力
[真题连线] Intellect is the critical creative and the contemplative side of the mind [2004 年阅读
4] 智指精神世界中具批评性创造性思考性面
current [ˈkʌrənt] a前流行 n目前电流趋势

10
[真题连线] the current state of affairs may have been encouraged though not justified[2004 年阅
读 4] 种状况合理继续加剧
element [ˈelimənt] n元素素基础纲
[典型例句] It is out of my element in political discussions
[例句精译] 政治问题属讨范围
emphasis [ˈemfəsis] n强调重点
[典型例句] Our English course places great emphasis on writing skills
[例句精译] 英语课程十分重视写作技
establish [iˈstæbliʃ] vt 建立创办确定证实
[典型例句] Jin Yong＇s first novel established his fame as a novelist
[例句精译] 金庸第部说奠定说家位
extend [ikˈstend] vt延伸延长提供
[典型例句] Time is over I can not extend anymore
[例句精译] 时间已结束已法拖延
global [ˈgləubəl] a全球全世界总完整
[典型例句] He took a global view of the book in the bookreview
[例句精译] 书评中出全面评价
indicate [ˈindikeit] vt标示指示表明示意
[真题连线] The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors available for unfamiliar and emergency
signals such as the smell of smoke Which might indicate the danger of fire[2005 年完型] 脑
气味接收器时命准备接受熟悉危急信号意味着火灾危险烟雾味
justify [ˈdʒʌstifai] vt证明…正(理)…辩护
[典型例句] There is no need to justify my action to you
[例句精译] 没必解释行合理性
obtain [əbˈtein] vt获 vi通流行
[典型例句] In some parts of the world people still can not obtain enough food
[例句精译] 世界某区旧法获足够食物
phenomenon [fiˈnɔmənən] n现象非特殊事物
[典型例句] What they called prosperity is only a temporary phenomenon
[例句精译] 称繁荣非暂时现象
physical [ˈfizikəl] a身体物理(学)物质
[典型例句] It is his right to know his physical condition
[例句精译] 权利解身体状况
procedure [prəˈsidʒə] n程序手续步骤
[真题连线] But do not bother trying to kill off old habits once those ruts of procedure are worn
into the brain they are there to stay [2009 年阅读 1] 试图消切旧惯惯程
序旦进入脑便会留中
reflect [riˈflekt] v反映反射深思反省
[真题连线] McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind
of company he wanted to run [2011 年阅读 2] 麦吉说离开时没确定做工作
充分时间思考究竟想营什样公司
requirement [riˈkwaiəmənt] n求必条件需需东西
[典型例句] you should notice that our requirement is reasonable
[例句精译] 应该意识求合理

11
source [sɔs] n源(泉)发源源出处
[典型例句] Envy is the source of discord and worry
[例句精译] 嫉妒烦恼根源
status [ˈsteitəs] n位身份情形状况
[真题连线]Turkey＇s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam [1998 年阅读 1]
土耳力图跻身第世界(位）诸努力中阿塔特克坝中重环
unique [juˈnik] a唯独二极寻常
[真题连线]The culture of any society must be understood as the results of a unique history and not
as one of many cultures belonging to a broader evolutionary stage or type of culture [2009 年阅读
B]种社会文化均应视源种独特历史非源更广泛进化阶段文化
类型
universe [ˈjunivəs] n宇宙世界领域范围
[典型例句] Everyone is the center of his own universe
[例句精译] 均王
abuse [əˈbjuz] n vt滥虐辱骂诽谤
drug abuse 药物滥 [1997 年阅读 3]
adult [ˈædʌlt əˈdʌlt] n成年(动物) a成年()已成熟
[典型例句] We should do our best to develop the adult education
[例句精译] 应该努力发展成教育
approach [əˈprəutʃ] v应 n接途径方法
[真题连线]In physics one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme and seeks a
theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see [2012 年阅读 C]物理学领域
种方法种统性求推极致试图探寻基公式解释切
appropriate [əˈprəupriit] a(适)恰 vt侵吞拨出供专
[真题连线]As a result of all these factors governments are becoming increasingly dependent on
biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect
[2012 年阅读 C] 素政府正越越生物学家社会科学家安排适规
划付诸实施
attain [əˈtein] vt达获
[真题连线]When a mew movement in art attains a certain fashion it is advisable to find out what
its advocates are aiming at [2000 年阅读 3]场新艺术运动形成某种时尚弄清
倡导者目便理应
background [ˈbækgraund] n出身背景历 (画等)背景
[真题连线]It has not occurred against the background of general commodity price inflation and
global excess demand [2002 年阅读 3] 次（油价升）非发生物价普遍涨全球性
需求度背景
career [kəˈriə] n生涯职业
[典型例句] To get married she gave up her career
[例句精译] 婚姻放弃事业
comment [ˈkɔment] n 评意见闲话议 v 评
[真题连线] On the other it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel
to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news[2007 年阅读
C] 方面记者天现实报道评新闻联系起样法律概念（公
正民）日常实践联系起

12
critic [ˈkritik] n 批评家评家
[典型例句] Pay no attention to what the critic say there have never be set up a statue In honor of a
critic
[例句精译] 理会批评家胡说八道世没座塑纪念批评家立
educate [ˈedju()keit] vt教育培养训练
[典型例句] The school we want to build is the one not only teach but also educate its
students
[例句精译] 想建学校仅教书更应该育
entail [inˈteil] vt承担成必需
[真题连线]It is becoming less clear however that such a theory would be a simplification given
the dimensions and universes that it might entail nonetheless unification of sorts remains a major
goal[2012 年阅读 C] 渐渐变清楚然予需维度范围种理便
成种简化式统性研究方
exchange [iksˈtʃeindʒ] n交换兑换兑换率 vt调换交流兑换
[真题连线]The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange token for
food[2005 年阅读 1] 研究员花两年时间教会猴子代币换取食品
focus [ˈfəukəs] v(on)聚集关注 n焦点焦距（活动兴趣）中心
[真题连线]Many things make people think artists are weird and the weirdest may be this artists
job is to explore emotions and yet they choose to focus on the ones that feel bad [2006 年阅读 4]
许事情认艺术家行怪异中怪异者首推事：艺术家惟职责
探索情感选择关注负面情感
grant [grɑnt] n拨款意承认 vt授予予
[真题连线] Over the past decade thousands of patents have been granted for what are called
business methods[2010 年阅读 3] 十年间成千万专利授予谓商业
方法
highly [ˈhaili] ad高度非常
[典型例句] Soldiers highly valued in courage not highly valued in numbers
[例句精译] 兵贵勇贵
historical [hisˈtɔrikəl] a历史()史学
[典型例句] we have little historical evidence about the life of Buddha
[例句精译] 关佛祖生历史证限
independent [ˌindiˈpendənt] a独立中立公正关
[典型例句] You are 18 years old you should learn to be independent of parents＇ help
[例句精译] 已 18 岁应该学着独立父母资助
inevitable [iˈnevitəbəl] a避免必然(发生)惯常
[真题连线] It is said that in England death is pressing in Canada inevitable and in California
optional [2003 年阅读 4] 说死亡英国迫眉睫加避免加利福尼亚
种选择
infer [inˈfə] vt 推推断
[典型例句] I could infer that my suggestion has been accepted
[例句精译] 推测出建议已接受
insurance [inˈʃuərəns] n保险保险费
unemployment insurance and disability insurance 失业险伤残险[2007 年考研阅读 3]
interior [inˈtiəriə] n部 a部()国

13
[真题连线] On the contrary many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate [1998 年阅读 5] 相
反许热点位板块较深部
oppose [əˈpəuz] vt反反抗
[真题连线] Similarly some Wall Street investment firms armed themselves with patents for
financial products even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice [2010 年阅读 2]
样华尔街投资公司法庭反金融产品专利身样拥许
种专利
optimistic [ˌɔptiˈmistik] a乐观(义)
[典型例句] A gentleman is openminded and optimistic a small person is narrowminded and
pessimistic
[例句精译] 君子坦荡荡长戚戚
扩充 optim（佳） pessim（糟）
optimism n 乐观（义） pessimism n 悲观（义）
optimist n 乐观（义）者 pessimist n 悲观（义）者
optimistic a 乐观（义） pessimistic a 悲观（义）
organization [ˌɔgənaiˈzeiʃən] n团体机构组织
[典型例句] This charity is a nonprofit organization
[例句精译] 慈善团体非盈利组织
private [ˈpraivit] a私秘密私立(营)
[典型例句] A bill …… which would offer financial incentives for private industry is a promising
start]
[例句精译] 项议案意济鼓励私企良开端
prospect [ˈprɔspekt prəsˈpekt] n前景景象vt勘探
[真题连线] Is there any chance that Cardus ＇s criticism will enjoy a revival The prospect seems
remote [2010 年阅读 1] 卡杜斯类评作品重新流行？觉前景渺茫
pursuit [pəˈsjut] n追求追逐嗜消遣
扩充 pursue vt继续事追赶追踪追求→pursuit n
[真题连线]Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses he came right and said he was
leaving to pursue my goal of running a company [2011 年阅读 2]没模糊官
方理掩饰离开缘坦诚讲离开追求营公司目
标
relationship [riˈleiʃənʃip] n关系关联
[典型例句] In view of your longstanding relationship I could not trust you
[例句精译] 考虑间长期关系法信
sensitive [ˈsensitiv] a敏感神敏易受伤害
[真题连线] Few things are more likely to destroy trust than a company letting sensitive personal
data get into the wrong hands [2007 年阅读 4] 毁掉公司信方面公司敏感
数流入心手中具杀伤力
specific [spiˈsifik] a特定具体 n[ pl]详情细节
[真题连线]Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen
comes there by specific request [2007 年阅读 4] 网文化推崇样种理念：首先应专门请
求然信息应该映入屏幕
stock [stɔk stɑk] n库存股票 v储备 a常
[典型例句] I have lots of experience in the stock marketyou can trust me

14
[例句精译] 股票市场验丰富信
suicide [ˈsuisaid] n杀取灭亡
[真题连线]Although it ruled that there is no constitutional right to physicianassisted suicide the
Court in effect supported the medical principle of double effect [2002 年阅读 4] 裁决认
定宪法未赋予医生帮助病杀权利认双效医疗原
threaten [ˈθretn] v威胁构成威胁…危险…征兆
[典型例句] Hegemonism threatens world peace
[例句精译] 霸权义威胁着世界
title [ˈtaitl] n题目称号头衔权益权利
[典型例句] What really counts in our lives is not money or title or possessions but the way we
love others
[例句精译] 生命中真正价值金钱称号财产爱方式
tradition [trəˈdiʃən] n传统惯例
[典型例句] We have a fine tradition of respecting elderly people
[例句精译] 尊老优良传统
abandon [əˈbændən] vt离弃丢弃遗弃抛弃放弃
[典型例句] Abandon religion and discard cleverness and people will benefit a hundredfold
abandon humanity and discard morality and people will rediscover love and dutyabandon skill
and discard profit and there will be no thieves or robbers
[例句精译] 绝圣弃智民利百倍绝仁弃义民复孝慈绝巧弃利盗贼
alter [ˈɔltə] v改变变更
[真题连线] An awareness that they were being experimented upon seemed to be enough to alter
workers behavior by itself [2010 年完型]工意识做实验象种意
识身便足改变行
ban [bæn] v＼ n禁止禁令
[真题连线] But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would
impose a complete ban on human cloning否进步求联邦立法强令禁止克隆问题
存分歧
commit [kəˈmit] vt犯(错误等) 献身承担（义务）调拨
[典型例句] They called on Western nations to commit more money to the poorest nations
[例句精译] 求西方国家承担起更贫穷国家资金援助
链接：commission n 委员会委托手续费
commitment n 委托事项许诺
committee n委员会
conservative [kənˈsəvətiv] a保守守旧传统 n保守义者
[典型例句] The committee is of a conservative bias
[例句精译] 委员会种保守偏见
链接：conservative→conservation 保存保护
consumption [kənˈsʌmpʃən] n消耗量消耗消费
[真题连线]People are absorbed intoa culture of consumptionlaunched by the 19th century
department stores[2006 年阅读 1]吸引入 19 世纪百货商店发起消费文化运动
contribute [kənˈtribjut] vi捐款贡献(to)助投稿 vt捐献

15
[真题连线]The townsfolk don not see it this way and local council does not contribute directly to
the subsidy of the Royal Shakespeare Company[2006 年阅读 2]镇居民然方议会
直接予皇家莎士亚剧团补助
crude [krud] a粗鲁(俗)天然生
[真题连线] In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for smaller share of the price of
petrol than it did in the 1970s[2002 年阅读 3] 20 世纪 70 年代数国家原油价
格汽油价格组成部分
distinction [diˈstiŋkʃən] n差区分优秀
[真题连线] No clearcut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science
[2001 年阅读 1] 科学界言专业员业余员间明显（区）
domestic [dəˈmestik] a国家(庭)家驯养
[真题连线] The kind of interpersonal violence that women are exposed to tend to be in domestic
situations by unfortunately parents or other family numbers and they tend not to be oneshot deals
[2008 年阅读 1] 女性面间暴力发生家庭环境中幸实
施者父母家庭成员
employer [imˈplɔiə] n雇佣者雇
[典型例句] He sued his employer for wrongful dismissal
[例句精译] 控告雇非法解雇
giant [ˈdʒaiənt] n巨智超群 a巨
[典型例句] The dwarf sees farther than the giant when he has the giant＇s shoulder to mount on
[例句精译] 侏儒站巨肩膀巨更远
infrastructure [ˈinfrəˌstrʌktʃə] n基础结构基础设施
[真题连线] When the United States built its industrial infrastructure it did not have the capital to
do so [2001 年阅读 2] 初美国建设身工业基础设施时样没足够资金
injury [ˈindʒəri] n损害伤害受伤处
[典型例句] An injury to one is an injury to all
[例句精译] 伤吾辱吾全体
journal [ˈdʒənəl] n杂志期刊日报日志日记
[真题连线] As a logical consequences of this development separate journals have now appeared
aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership [2001 年阅读 1] 发展必然
结果便定然会出现分针专业读者业余读者杂志
liability [ˌlaiəˈbiliti] n责负债债务利条件
[典型例句] Make sure your liabilities would not exceed your assets or you might go bankrupt
[例句精译] 确保资产超负债额度否破产
originate [əˈridʒineit] vi 起源 vt 创始开创
[真题连线] British anthropologists Smith and Perry incorrectly suggested on the basis of
inadequate information that farming pottery making and metallurgy all originated in ancient
Egypt and diffused throughout the world 英国类学家史密斯佩里资料足
出错误观点：认农业陶器制作冶金技术等均源古埃扩散世界

poverty [ˈpɔvəti] n贫穷贫困
[典型例句] Poverty is not socialism
[例句精译] 贫穷社会义
pressure [ˈpreʃə] n压(力)压强压迫 vt 迫…施加压力

16
[真题连线] The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning but the pressure to fold
when it completes its reconstruction of rules later this year is strong[2010 年阅读 4] IASB 表示
缺乏整体规划情况想贸然行动面着年底完成准重建巨压力
psychology [saiˈkɔlədʒi] n心理学
[真题连线] It is your dream says RC chair of psychology at Chicago＇s Medical center If
you do not like it change it[2005 年阅读 3] 芝加哥医疗中心心理学系 RC 说道：梦
果喜欢改变
puzzle [ˈpʌzl] v()迷惑()难 n谜难题
[典型例句] Her reply puzzled me
[例句精译] 回答迷惑
racial [ˈreiʃəl] a种种族
[典型例句] Genuine racial equality still seems lightyears away in America
[例句精译] 美国真正种族等遥遥期
radical [ˈrædikəl] a根(基)激进(派) n激进分子
[典型例句] A radical is a man with both feet firmly planted in the air
[例句精译] 激进分子众切实际徒
range [reindʒ] n系列幅度 vi变动涉 vt排成行
[真题连线] There is a new gold rush happening in the＄ 4 million to ＄10 million range dollars in
Manhattan predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses[2004 年阅读 3] 曼哈顿出现额度四
百万千万美元淘金热资金源华尔街股票红利
respond [riˈspɔnd] vi回答答复(to)作出反应响应
[真题连线] Scientists need to respond forcefully to animal rights advocates whose arguments are
confusing the public and thereby threatening advances in the health knowledge and care[2003 年阅
读 2] 科学家必强力回击动物权利鼓吹者言混淆视听威胁
卫生知识医疗服务方面进步
responsibility [ˌrispɔnsəˈbiliti] n责责心职责义务
[典型例句] Maybe it is not your fault but it is your responsibility
[例句精译] 许错责
series [ˈsiəriz] n系列连续丛书连续剧
[真题连线] They sent two engineers to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone parts
factory 派出两位工程师电话零部件厂指导系列实验
withdraw [wiðˈdrɔ] v 收回缩回撤销撤退
[典型例句] The fivestar general refused to withdraw his troops
[例句精译] 五星拒撤回军队
affect [əˈfekt] v影响感动
[典型例句] Effects that affect you also affect others
[例句精译] 影响效果样会影响
aggressive [əˈgresiv] a侵犯(略)挑衅敢做敢
[真题连线] Physicians—frustrated by their inability to cure the disease and fearing loss of hope in
the patient—too often offer aggressive treatment far beyond what is scientifically justified[2004 年
阅读 5] 治愈疾病时担心病失希医生便会采取极端胆治疗
手段手段已远远超出科学够认界限
amount [əˈmaunt] n数(量)总额 vi(to)合计等
[典型例句] Turn away a dying man amounts to murder

17
[例句精译] 见死救等谋杀
aspect [ˈæspekt] n方面面貌外观
[真题连线] Other standardized tests such as the SAT and the GRE capture the main aspects of IQ
tests [2007 年阅读 2] 诸 SAT GRE 等标准化考试鉴智商测试方面
basis [ˈbeisis] n基础根原
[典型例句] His research formed the basis of his new book
[例句精译] 相关研究成果新书基础
behalf [biˈhɑf] n利益方面代表某某
[典型例句] He has returned honorably from a mission on behalf of his country
[例句精译] 已国完成命载誉
blueprint [ˈbluˌprint] n蓝图
[典型例句] They have drawn up a blueprint for development in the next five years
[例句精译] 已规划五年发展蓝图
census [ˈsensəs] n口普查统计
[真题连线] The1990 Census revealed that a majority of immigrants from each of the fifteen most
common countries of origin spoke English well’ or very well’ after ten years of residence [2006
年阅读1] 1990年口普查显示 15常见移民国家数定居十年英语说
’非常’
confuse [kənˈfjuz] vt困惑混淆混乱
[典型例句] I am confused with so many files on the table
[例句精译] 桌子众文件搞糊涂
constitute [ˈkɔnstitjut] vt组成构成设立命
[真题连线] Large numbers of physicians seem unconcerned with the pain their patients are
needlessly and predictably suffering to the extent that it constitutes systematic patient
abuse[2002 年阅读 4] 医生放病承受毫必预见痛苦已构成蓄
意虐病
conventional [kənˈvenʃənəl] a普通常规传统循守旧
[典型例句] This TV ends with the conventional happy ending
[例句精译] 部电视剧种常见团圆式结局结束
critical [ˈkritikəl] a决定性关键性危急批评(判)
[真题连线] They found that the principal requirement for what is called global is the presence not
of a few influential but rather of a critical mass of easily influenced people[2010 年阅读 3]
发现谓全球传播基必条件非名容易影响关键性
普通
criticize [ˈkritisaiz] vt批评批判评评价
[典型例句] You can ill afford to criticize others when you behave so badly yourself
[例句精译] 身行端宜批评
crucial [ˈkruʃiəl] a关重决定性
[典型例句] At the crucial moment he showed great foresight and turned back the powers of
darkness
[例句精译] 力挽狂澜
cycle [ˈsaikəl] n周期循环 vi循环
[典型例句] The business cycle is experiencing a sudden down
[例句精译] 商业周期正历萧条期

18
define [diˈfain] vt…定义解释限定规定
[真题连线] Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite so their work
tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite[2001 年阅读 3] 记者属定义社会文化
精英部分工作反映精英传统价值观
链接：define→definition n定义清晰（度）鲜明（度）high definition 高清晰度
demonstrate [ˈdemənstreit] vt证说明演示 vi示威游行(集会)
[典型例句] The workers demonstrated for better working conditions
[例句精译] 工示威求改善工作环境
dependent [diˈpendənt] a赖取决…
[真题连线] Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were and so less sensitive to
swings in the oil price[2002 年阅读 3] 发达国家似前石油赖性油价
波动便会敏感
digital [ˈdidʒitl] a数字数字显示
[真题连线] Digital era will have arrived [2001 年阅读 C] 数字化时代
dose [dəus] n(次)剂量剂份
[典型例句] Give him the dose of his own medicine
[例句精译] 道治身
economic [ˌikəˈnɔmik] a济(学)
[真题连线] We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of
education even when governments don not force it 必须意识济持续发展定会促进
教育发展存政府强制推动
链接：economic→economics n济学济状况济素济意义
elite [eiˈlit] n[总称]层士实力集团精英
[真题连线] Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite so their work
tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite[2001 年阅读 3] 记者属定义社会文化
精英部分工作反映精英传统价值观
[典型例句] The lowly are most intelligent the elite are most ignorant
[例句精译] 卑贱者聪明高贵者愚蠢
error [ˈerə] n错误差错
[典型例句] A minimal error results in wild divergence
[例句精译] 差毫厘谬千里
executive [igˈzekjutiv] n行政官 a行政执行
[真题连线] Surely it should be obvious to the dimmest executive that trust that most valuable of
economic assets is easily destroyed and hugely expensive to restore 迟钝老板应该知道
信价值济财富非常容易毁掉重建需花费巨资
existence [igˈzistəns] n存生存生活(方式)
[典型例句] You may be stuck with a miserable existence for the rest of your life
[例句精译] 余生会陷入悲惨生活
failure [ˈfeiljə] n失败失败者没做
[真题连线] But not even a great healthcare system can cure death—and our failure to confront that
reality now threatens this greatness of ours[2003 年阅读 4] 存医疗体系—
伟法战胜死亡法面现实便危身伟
fashion [ˈfæʃ(ə)n] n方式流行款式时装业

19
[真题连线]When a mew movement in art attains a certain fashion it is advisable to find out what
its advocates are aiming at [2000 年阅读 3]场新艺术运动形成某种时尚弄清
倡导者目便理应
female [ˈfimeil] a雌女(性) n雌性动物女子
[真题连线]Above all like their female counterparts they tend to pay much closer attention to the
value of good and services than males[2005 年阅读 1] 重正类社会中女相
男样雌性卷尾猴雄性更关注商品服务价值
formal [ˈfɔməl] a正式形式
[真题连线] MrMcWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary and
proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful
more that useful [2005 年阅读 4] 麦克沃特先生认正式语言非缺没提出进
行彻底教育改革—实实美事物消逝哀叹
gene [dʒin] n基
grip [grip] n紧握控制 vt握紧抓牢引起注意
[真题连线] Strengthening economic growth at the same time as winter grips the northern
hemisphere could push the price higher still in the short term [2002 年阅读 3] 济强势增长
伴着北半球冬季（抓紧北半球）会短期继续推高油价
hence [hens] ad
host [həust] n节目持许量
[真题连线] Rosenberg offers a host of examples of the social cure in action In South Carolina a
statesponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes
uncool [2012 年阅读 1] 罗森博格提供量关社会治愈例子：南卡罗莱纳州
州发起称烟霾宣战反吸烟计划抽烟流行
humanity [hjuˈmæniti] n类(性)道[ pl]文学科
[真题连线] If humanity has made some headway in realizing that the ultimate value of every
institution is its distinctively human effect we may believe that this lesson has been learned largely
through dealings with the young [2009 阅读 C] 类已进步意识制度终价
值类独特影响许会认教训通年轻交
identify [aiˈdentifai] vt认出鉴定…等 vi认
[真题连线] The secondby Joshua Greenberg takes a more empirical approach to universality
identifying traits shared by many language [2012 年阅读 C] 第二付出努力约书亚
格林伯格采验义方法确认语言特征
implication [ˌimpliˈkeiʃən] n含意暗示牵连
[真题连线] The Supreme Court’s decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important
implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering [2002 年阅读 4]
高法院关医生协助病结束生命问题裁决药物减轻病危者痛苦问
题言具重意义
link [liŋk] v连接联系 n环节联系纽带
[真题连线] On the other it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel
to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news[2007 年阅读
C] 方面记者天现实报道评新闻联系起样法律概念（公
正民）日常实践联系起
manner [ˈmænə] n方式(法)举止风度规矩

20
[真题连线] Include a few casual and apparently offthecuff remarks which you can deliver in a
relaxed and unforced manner [2002 年阅读 1] 包括便兴话
轻松做作方式说出
mostly [ˈməustli] ad全部
motion [ˈməuʃən] n运动动作提议 v手势示意
[典型例句] She motioned for the locked front doors to be opened
[例句精译] 手势示意锁着前门开
negative [ˈnegətiv] a否定消极负 n底片
[真题连线] First if all most substances taken un excess will produce negative effects such as
poisoning or intense perceptual distortions [1997 年阅读 3] 首先数物质量会
产生负面影响中毒严重感知错乱
neglect [niˈglekt] vtn 忽视忽略疏忽
[真题连线] To take this approach to the New Englanders normally means to start with the Puritans’
theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the church – important subjects that we
may not neglect[2009 年阅读 4] 通种途径解新英格兰通常意味着清教徒神
学创新教堂观念开始忽视重课题
notion [ˈnəuʃən] n概念观念意图想法
[真题连线]Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen
comes there by specific request [2007 年阅读 4] 网文化推崇样种理念：首先应专门请
求然信息应该映入屏幕
preserve [priˈzəv] vt保护维持保存腌制 n 独活动
[真题连线] Traditionally legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve
of lawyers rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person [2007
年阅读 B] 传统言类院校般视法律学律师专特权非视作位
受教育应必备 知识
primary [ˈpraiməri] a首基初(级)
[真题连线] I shall define him as an individual who has elected as primary duty and pleasure in life
the activity of thinking in Socratic way about moral problems [2006 年阅读 C] 会知识分子
定义道德问题进行苏格拉底式思考视生首责快乐
proceed [prəˈsid] vi进行前进
[典型例句] To proceed without hesitation
[例句精译] 义反顾
random [ˈrændəm] a意机
[真题连线] Men go to war and are exposed to combat stress Men are exposed to more acts of
random physical violence [2008 年阅读 1] 男走战场承受着战斗压力男性承受更
机身体暴力行
reality [riˈæliti] n现实实际真实
[真题连线] But not even a great healthcare system can cure death—and our failure to confront that
reality now threatens this greatness of ours[2003 年阅读 4] 存医疗体系—
伟法战胜死亡法面现实便危身伟
region [ˈridʒən] n区区域范围幅度
[典型例句] Towering genius disdains a beaten pathIt seeks regions hitherto unexplored
[例句精译] 卓越天云云会开创迄探索领域
relieve [riˈliv] vt轻松(宽慰)缓解接

21
[真题连线] The Supreme Court’s decisions on physicianassisted suicide carry important
implications for how medicine seeks to relieve dying patients of pain and suffering [2002 年阅读 4]
高法院关医生协助病结束生命问题裁决药物减轻病危者痛苦问
题言具重意义
链接 relief n 轻松宽慰缓解()调剂接
replace [ri()ˈpleis] vt代取代更换放回原处
[真题连线] Many an old firm was replaced by a limited liability company with a bureaucracy of
salaried managers [1996 年阅读 3] 许旧式公司责限公司取代领薪理构成
理机构
resource [riˈsɔs] n[ pl]资源谋略
[真题连线] Some scholars conclude that a government with finite resources should simply stop
paying for medical care that sustains life beyond a certain age –say 83 or so [2003 年阅读 4]
学者认政府资金限停止支付延缓某年龄群寿命医疗花费—
83 岁左右
revenue [ˈrevinju] n)收入(益)税收岁入
[真题连线] It is the playgoers the RSC contends who bring in much of the town’s revenue
because they spend the night (some of them four or five nights) pouring cash into the hotels and
restaurants [2006 年阅读 2] 皇家莎士亚公司称正戏城镇带部分收入
镇夜（四五晚）酒店餐厅消费
revolution [ˌrevəˈluʃən] n革命旋转
[典型例句] The earth makes one revolution round the sun each year
[例句精译] 球年绕太阳转圈
rival [ˈraivəl] n竞争手 a竞争 vt竞争…匹敌
[真题连线] Later more established companies raced to add such patents to their files if only as a
defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch [2010 年阅读 2] 更老
牌公司相继争先类专利权收入囊中权作防范竞争手措施
rob [rɔb] vt抢劫盗窃
[典型例句] Do not rob Peter to pay Paul
[例句精译] 拆东墙补西墙（劫 Peter 补偿 Paul）
[典型例句] A wise fox will never rob his neighbor＇s hen roost
[例句精译] 兔子吃窝边草（聪明狐狸抢劫邻鸡窝）
scale [skeil] n规模等级刻度鳞 vt攀登缩
[真题连线] In dealing with a challenge on such a scale it is no exaggeration to say United we
stand divided we fall [2005 年阅读 C] 直面规模挑战毫夸张说联合立分裂
废
segment [ˈsegmənt] n部分片段(橘子等)瓣弓形
[真题连线] International affiliates account for a fastgrowing segment of production in economies
that open up and welcome foreign investment [2001 年阅读 4] 外开放鼓励外资国
家济中国际分公司国民生产中占重越越
significance [sigˈnifikəns] n意义含义重性意义
[典型例句 This new discovery of oil is of great significance to this area＇s economy
[例句精译] 次新发现油田该区济着重意义
system [ˈsistəm] n系统制度体制

22
[真题连线] In recent years railroads have been combining with each other merging into super
systems causing heightened concerns about monopoly [2003 年阅读 3] 年铁路公司相互
结合成超型集团风潮引发垄断行极担忧
undergo [ˌʌndəˈgəu] vt历遭受
[真题连线] Consequently our feeling thought and emotions have undergone a corresponding
change [2002 年阅读 2] 感觉思想情感历相应变化
acquire [əˈkwaiə] vt取获学
[典型例句] Be curious always For knowledge will not acquire you you must acquire it
[例句精译] 保持奇吧知识须获必须获知识
alcohol [ˈælkəhɔl] n含酒精饮料酒精
[典型例句] A drunkard is in bondage to alcohol
[例句精译] 酒鬼酒奴隶
amateur [ˈæmətə] n ＼ a业余爱者()外行()
[真题连线] As a logical consequence of this development separate journals have now appeared
aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership[2001 年阅读 1] 种发展必然
结果便出现分针专业读者业余读者杂志
annual [ˈænjuəl] a年度 n年鉴年报
[真题连线] Soccermad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime at the annual
peak of soccer stamina [2007 年阅读 1] 足球疯狂球迷父母春天年中
足球狂热高峰期孕育子女概率会更
artificial [ˌɑtiˈfiʃəl] a工(造)假模拟
[真题连线] Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine including an extended life
expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040 [2001 年阅读 C]
中进步会应医学方面中包括延长类寿命现 2040 年间陆续
投入数十种造器官
assert [əˈsət] vt肯定说断言维护坚持
[真题连线] He asserted that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was
very limited [2008 年阅读 C] 断言深入理解冗长完全抽象观点力限
assess [əˈses] vt…进行估价评价评
[真题连线] Sternberg notes that traditional test best assess analytic al and verbal skills but fail to
measure creativity and practical knowledge[2007 年阅读 2] 斯特恩伯格指出传统测试
恰评估分析力语言表达力法衡量创造力实际应知识
assume [əˈsjum] vt假定臆断承担担呈现
[真题连线] The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with thought
which took root in Europe long before realized how diverse language could be[2004 年阅读 1] 希
腊认语言结构思维程间存某种联系观点早认识语言千差万
前已欧洲深信疑
brief [brif] a短暂简洁 vt作…提 n摘
[典型例句] After a brief peace fighting broke out again
[例句精译] 短暂熄火战端重燃
capable [ˈkeipəbəl] a力技胜
[典型例句] Be ready to assemble at the first call and be capable of fighting and winning
[例句精译] 召战战胜
captive [ˈkæptiv] a俘虏捕获 n俘虏

23
[真题连线] Railroads typically charge such captive shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do
when another railroad is competing for the business[2003 年阅读 3] 通常言存竞争
者铁路公司会俘虏客户收费 20﹪ 30﹪
characteristic [ˌkæriktəˈristik] a特典型 n特性特征
[典型例句] Ambition is a characteristic of all successful businessmen
[例句精译] 雄心位成功商性
claim [kleim] vt声称断言索取 n求索赔声称
[典型例句] We regret we cannot admit your claim
[例句精译] 遗憾接受索赔
comparison [kəmˈpærisən] n较相拟
[典型例句] Comparisons are odious
[例句精译] 气死
链接：comparable a (with to) 较
comparative a 较相
comparison n 较
competitive [kəmˈpetitiv] a竞争赛竞争力
[真题连线]When the competitive environment pushed our ancestors to achieve that potential they
could in turn afford more education[2009 年阅读 3] 种竞争环境迫先达种潜力
时力接受更教育
链接：compete v 竞争抗赛
competition n 竞争赛
competent a 资格胜
compromise [ˈkɔmprəmaiz] n妥协折中 vi妥协 vt放弃(原等)
[真题连线]Works of several historians reveal the moral compromises made by the nation early
leaders and the fragile nature of the countrys infancy[2008 年阅读 4] 位历史学家著作揭示
美国国父道德方面做妥协建国伊始国家脆弱质
conclusion [kənˈkluʒən] n结推结尾缔结议定
[典型例句] Our conclusion is based entirely on fact
[例句精译] 结完全事实基础
confront [kənˈfrʌnt] vt遭遇勇敢面正视质
[真题连线] But not even a great heathcare system can cure deathand our failure to confront that
reality now threatens this greatness of ours[2003 年阅读 4] 存医疗体系
伟战胜死亡法面现实便危身伟
conscious [ˈkɔnʃəs]a意识神志清醒意
[真题连线] We reach for them mindlessly setting our brains on autopilot and relaxing into the
unconscious comfort of familiar routine[2009 年阅读 1] 意中达种步
脑动驾驶仪般设定成动操作放松进入熟悉常规意识舒服状态
链接：unconscious a 意识
consciousness n 意识
contempt [kənˈtempt] n轻视轻蔑
[真题连线] So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in
journalism Newman wrote that I am tempted to define journalism’ as’ a term of contempt
applied by writers who are not read to writers who are’ [2010 年阅读 1] 拥足够深刻思想

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文学天赋新闻业建树作者少纽曼写道禁住新闻写
作者’定义耻辱术语’嘲笑真正作家言根没学问
contract [ˈkɔntrækt kənˈtrækt] n合 v缩订（合）
[典型例句] Marriage is first of all a contract which must be governed by justice
[例句精译] 婚姻首先种契约需公正制约
contrary [ˈkɔntrəri] a 相反 n相反面
[真题连线] On the contrary the price of communications is coming down fast [2001 年阅读 4]
相反通信价格迅速降
convince [kənˈvins] vt确信信服说服
[典型例句] Only by reasoning can we convince people completely
[例句精译] 理服心悦诚服
criminal [ˈkriminəl] n罪犯 a犯罪刑事
[真题连线] The resulting discontent may in turn lead more youths into criminal behavior [2004 年
完型] 种满情绪反会导致更年轻出现犯罪行
dedicate [ˈdedikeit] vt题词……献投入
[真题连线] After all what is the one modern form of expression almost completely dedicated to
depicting happiness Advertising[2006 年阅读 4] 根结底种完全致力描写快乐
种现代表现方式什呢？广告
democratic [ˌdeməˈkrætik] a民民精神(作风)
[真题连线] The test of any democratic society he believed lies not in how well it can control
expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude
however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be We will not retreat in the face of any
threats [1997年阅读4] 社会言检验否民均视控制种情绪
表达力强否够予程度思考表达结果
会引起种争议愤怒面威胁绝退
deny [diˈnai] vt否认拒绝予拒绝求
[典型例句] They often deny this point and consequently deny one aspect of the truth
[例句精译] 常常否认点便否认真理方面
distinguish [diˈstiŋgwiʃ] vt区分辨
[真题连线] The arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish
between their human friends and the droids [2001 年阅读 C] 高仿真造机器问世意味着
法真朋友区分开
efficiency [iˈfiʃənsi] n效率效功效
[典型例句] We were most impressed with you efficiency
[例句精译] 高效工作效率令印象深刻
electronic [iˌlekˈtrɔnik] a电子
[真题连线] Some huge American industries such as electronic industry had shrunk or vanished in
the face of foreign competition [2000 年阅读 1] 面国外竞争型美国工业电子
产业已萎缩消失
emerge [iˈmədʒ] vi(from)出现显露暴露
[真题连线] That ruling produced an explosion in businessmethod patent filings initially by
emerging Internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online
transactions [2010 年阅读 2] 初新兴互联网公司试图监特定类型网交易
专权裁决商业方法专利申请产生爆炸性影响

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employee [imˈplɔii] n受雇者雇员
enhance [inˈhɑns] vt提高增加加强
[真题连线] While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories it is preferable for
journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgments [2007 年阅
读 C] 律师提供评反馈会增加报道深度记者应该
理解做出判断
ensure [inˈʃuə] vt保证担保确保
[典型例句] We must ensure the purity of drinking water
[例句精译] 必须确保饮水纯净
epidemic [ˌepiˈdemik] n流行病盛行 a流行传染
[真题连线] In their recent work however some researchers have come up with the finding that
influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed [2010 年阅读 3]
然研究员研究中发现名社会流行潮影响远想象中
essay [ˈesei] n散文笔
evolve [iˈvɔlv] v()演变()进化()发展
[典型例句] The American constitution was planned the British constitution evolved
[例句精译] 美国宪法精心制定英国宪法约定俗成（逐步发展）
expert [ˈekspət] n专家手 a行熟练
[真题连线] Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide
range of pursuits including soccer[2007 年阅读 1] 埃里克森事开始研究领域技艺
精湛业者中包括足球运动员
extent [ikˈstent] n程度范围广度宽度
[真题连线] He describes their programs and tactics and for those unfamiliar with the ways of
creationists the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise [1996
年阅读 5] 揭露纲领手段解创世者惯手法言欺
骗歪曲事实程度会感气愤吃惊
guarantee [ˌgærənˈti] vt保证担保 n保证保证书
[典型例句] Words of mouth being no guarantee a written statement is hereby given
[例句精译] 空口立字
hospitality [ˌhɔspiˈtæliti] n友款客
[真题连线] The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality [1997 年阅读
2] 边疆生活残酷促成客传统形成
ideal [aiˈdiəl] a理想想象 n理想(东西)
[真题连线] Death is normal we are genetically programmed to disintegrate and perish even under
ideal conditions [2003 年阅读 4] 死亡正常：便处理想环境基决定
终会解体灭亡
illegal [iˈligəl] a合法非法
[真题连线] Over the past century all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned
or made illegal [2004 年阅读 2] 世纪里种样公歧视均遭谴责
定非法
illustrate [ˈiləstreit] vt阐明…作插图说明
[真题连线] Freedom and dignity illustrate the difficulty [2002年阅读C] 尊严难处
（解释难处）
impact [ˈimpækt] n／v影响击碰撞

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[典型例句] The cost of energy impacts heavily on every essential in the family budget
[例句精译] 源费严重影响家庭预算中项必开支
incredible [inˈkredəbəl] a信思议惊
[典型例句] That＇s the most incredible coincidence I＇ve ever heard of
[典型例句] 听思议巧合
initial [iˈniʃəl] a开始 n[ pl] 首字母
[典型例句] If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove
resistant for example the cascade of change won’t propagate very far or affect many people[2010
年阅读 3] 举例说传播网络中初名中两级传播者退出够
抵制传播传播范围会广难影响
inquiry [inˈkwaiəri] n听询问调查
[典型例句] The inquiry was critical of her work
[典型例句] 该项调查工作提出批评
intelligent [inˈtelidʒənt] a聪明智
[典型例句] Better an intelligent enemy than an ignorant friend
[例句精译] 聪明敌胜知朋友
invention [inˈvenʃən] n发明(物)捏造虚构
[真题连线] Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a
few especially gifted people [2009 年阅读 B] 实际重文化成均
某特天发明
legislation [ˌledʒisˈleiʃən] n法律(规)立法
[真题连线] Lord Irvine caused a storm of media protest when he said the interpretation of privacy
controls in European legislation would be left to judges rather than to parliament [2001 年完型]
Irvine 勋爵言欧洲立法中包涵关隐私监控解释权应法官非国会
引起新闻媒体潮抗议
maintain [meinˈtein] vt维持维修保养张
[真题连线] The existence of the giant clouds was virtually required for the Big Bang first put
forward in the 1920s to maintain its reign as the dominant explanation of the cosmos [2009 年阅
读 B] 巨宇宙云存实际世纪二十年代首次提出爆炸保持宇宙起
源导位必少
mercy [ˈməsi] n仁慈宽容怜悯
military [ˈmilitəri] a军事() n军方
[典型例句] For a military commander winning or losing a battle is a common occurrence
[例句精译] 胜败兵家常事（位军事长官言胜败均常事件）
opportunity [ˌɔpəˈtjuniti] n机会时机
[真题连线]Differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage
of it have diminished 间差异利种差异进行然选择机会减
outlook [ˈautluk] n见解展前景景色
[真题连线] If it did it would open up its diversity program now focused narrowly on race and
gender and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook values education and class[2001 年
阅读 3] 果够注意问题（文化阶级偏见）话应该进步开放样化
栏目（目前关注种族性两方面）雇佣世界观价值观社会阶层相
种记者
painful [ˈpeinfəl] a(引起)疼痛困难

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[典型例句] The approach of the farewell moment inspired them all with painful reflections
[例句精译] 离引起家伤感
parallel [ˈpærəlel] n相似处行线纬线 a行类似 vt
[真题连线] On the other it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel
to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news[2007 年阅读
C] 方面记者天现实报道评新闻联系起样法律概念（公
正民）日常实践联系起
performance [pəˈfɔməns] n表演履行表现工作性
[真题连线] Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance
are missing the point [2011 年阅读 1] 认录音绝会取代现场演奏虔诚音乐会听众
忽视点
politics [ˈpɔlitiks] n政治政治学政纲政见
[典型例句] History and politics overlap and should be studied together
[例句精译] 历史政治相通合研究
positive [ˈpɔzətiv] a确实积极肯定正阳性
[典型例句] He was positive that he had seen it in the newspaper
[例句精译] 肯定已报纸见
premium [ˈprimiəm] n保险金奖品 a高级售价高
previous [ˈpriviəs] a先前…前
[真题连线] What they found in attempting to model thought is that the human brain’s roughly one
hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented and human perception far more complicated
than previously imagined [2002 年阅读 2] 试图建造思维模型程中研究员发现
类脑中 1000 亿神细胞前想象更聪明类感觉器官前想象更
复杂
prolong [prəˈlɔŋ] vt延长拉长拖
[真题连线] Many in the medical community acknowledge that the assistedsuicide debate has been
fueled in part by the despair of patients for whom modern medicine has prolonged the physical
agony of dying [2002 年阅读 4] 许医疗界士承认致医助杀场争升温原部
分病绝情绪病言现代医学延长终前肉体痛苦
property [ˈprɔpəti] n财产性质特性
[典型例句] Property brings duties and responsibilities
[例句精译] 财产便意味着义务责
propose [prəˈpəuz] v提议提名推荐算计划求婚
[真题连线] MrMcWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary and
proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful
more that useful [2005 年阅读 4] 麦克沃特先生认正式语言非缺没提出进
行彻底教育改革—实实美事物消逝哀叹
quit [kwit] v停止放弃离开辞(职)
[真题连线] I decided to quit my full time employment [2001 年阅读 5] 决定辞全职工
作
quote [kwəut] v引援引报价 n引文报价引号
[真题连线] A twist on a familiar quote if at first you do not succeed give up or a play on words
or on a situation [2002 年阅读 1]熟悉（引语）正话反说说成开始成
功便放弃话场景趣开玩笑

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reasonable [ˈrizənəbəl] a通情达理合理公道尚
[真题连线] It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where
they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one
eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope [1999 年阅读 5] 审计员完全
理相信明确知道实现目标科学家完全没必眼睛盯着收银
机眼睛盯着显微镜
rely [riˈlai] vi 赖信赖指
[典型例句] Mountaineers rely on the mountains just like those by the waterside profit from water
[例句精译] 山吃山水吃水
response [riˈspɔns] n回答答复反应响应
[真题连线] Toyota Motor for example alleviated some of the damage from its recall crisis earlier
this year with a relatively quick and well orchestrated social media response campaign which
included efforts to engage with consumers directly on sites such as Twitter and the social news site
Digg [2011 年阅读 3] 年前半年召回危机中丰田汽车公司采取较快较序
社交媒体回应行动包括推特网站社会新闻网站掘客网站类网站客户直接交流
减少部分损失
reward [riˈwɔd] n报答奖赏报酬 vt报答奖励
[真题连线] Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other
members of the group[1995年阅读2] 拒绝较少酬劳情感准确误传达
成员
robot [ˈrəubɔt] n机器动机械
site [sait] n位置点 vt坐落
[真题连线] Consumers passionate about a product may create earned media by willingly
promoting it to friends and a company may leverage owned media by sending mail alters about
products and sales to customers registered with its Web site [2011 年阅读 3] 痴迷某种产品
消费者会乐意推荐朋友产品企业创造偿媒介企业利
媒介网站注册户发送产品销售提示邮件
skilled [skild] a熟练技需技
[真题连线] And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micromechanics there
are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with
submillimeter accuracy far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their
hands alone[2002 年阅读 2] 电子微观机械仪器断缩现已机械系统
够进行精确毫米脑部骨髓手术精确性远远超熟练医生双手达
水
staff [stɑf] n全体职工 vt…配备(员)
[真题连线] Friedman relies on a lean staff of 20 in Austin [2003 年阅读 5] 弗莱德曼
奥斯汀区区 20 名雇员
substantial [səbˈstænʃəl] a观牢固实质
[真题连线] Supports of the new super systems argue that these mergers will allow for substantial
cost reductions and better coordinated service [2003 年阅读 3] 支持组建超型铁路集团认
兼带成幅降低服务项目更协调
supreme [suˈprim sju] a高极度

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[真题连线] Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O＇Connor is in her 70sand former surgeon general
CEverett Koop chairs an Internet startup in his 80s [2003 年阅读 4] 高法院法官桑德拉戴欧
康奈现已 70 余前卫生局医务 C库珀 80 岁时出互联网公司总裁
suspend [səˈspend] vt暂停中止悬挂吊
[真题连线] The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports
[2002 年阅读 3] 周伊拉克暂停石油出口油价推
sympathy [ˈsimpəθi] n情(心)(思想感情)支持
[典型例句] A man in sorrow craves for sympathy
[例句精译] 怜渴情
trace [treis] vt查出追溯 n痕迹微量
[真题连线] One difficulty is that almost all of what is called behavioral science continues to trace
behavior to states of mind feeling traits of character human nature and so on [2002 年阅读 C]
难题谓行科学全部然心态情感性格特征性等方面寻
找行根源
transfer [trænsˈfə] v n迁(移)调动换
[真题连线] During this transfer traditional historical methods were augmented by additional
methodologies designed to interpret the new forms of evidence in the historical study [1999 年阅
读 C] 种转变中解释新史料新方法充实传统历史研究法
typical [ˈtipikəl] a典型代表性
[真题连线] Railroads typically charge such captive shippers 20 to 30 percent more than they do
when another railroad is competing for the business[2003 年阅读 3] 通常言存竞争
者铁路公司会俘虏客户收费 20﹪ 30﹪
unlikely [ʌnˈlaikli] a未必
virtual [ˈvətʃuəl] a实质事实
[真题连线] Some attributed virtually every important cultural achievement to the inventions of a
few especially gifted people [2009 年阅读 B] 实际（实质）重文化
成均某特天发明
access [ˈækses] n入口进入 vt存取（计算机文件等）
[典型例句] As her private secretary he has access to all her correspondence
[例句精译] 做私秘书接触信件
acknowledge [əkˈnɔlidʒ] vt承认告知收致谢
[真题连线] MrMcWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary and
proposes no radical education reformshe is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful
more that useful [2005 年阅读 4] 麦克沃特先生认正式语言非缺没提出进
行彻底教育改革—实实美事物消逝哀叹




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