2014年6月学英语六级考试真题(二)
Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket You can give examples to illustrate your point You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
1 A) They might be stolen goods C) They might be faulty products
B) They might be fake products D) They might be smuggled goods
2 A) They are civil servants C) They are news reporters
B) They are job applicants D) They are public speakers
3 A) The man has decided to quit his computer class
B) The woman wants to get a degree in administration
C) A computer degree is a must for administrative work
D) The man went to change the time of his computer class
4 A) A lot of contestants participated in the show
B) The fifth contestant won the biggest prize
C) It was not as exciting as he had expected
D) It was sponsored by a car manufacturer
5 A) Reading a newspaper column
B) Looking at a railway timetable
C) Driving from New York to Boston
D) Waiting for someone at the airport
6 A) He wears a coat bought in the mall
B) He got a new job at the barbershop
C) He had a finger hurt last night
D) He had his hair cut yesterday
7 A) He cannot appreciate the Picasso exhibition
B) Even his nephew can draw as well as Picasso
C) He is not quite impressed with modern paintings
D) Some drawings by kindergarten kids are excellent
8 A) He should not put the cart before the horse
B) His conduct docs not square with his words
C) His attitude to student government has changed
D) He has long been involved in student government
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard
9 A) She left her own car in Manchester
B) Something went wrong with her car
C) She wants to go traveling on the weekend
D) Her car won’t be back in a week’s time
10 A) Safety C) Size
B) Comfort D) Cost
11 A) Thirdparty insurance C) Petrol
B) Valueadded tax D) CDW
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard
12 A) How to update the basic facilities C) Where to locate their plant
B) What to do to enhance their position D) How to attract investments
13 A) Their road link to other European countries is fast
B) They are all located in the south of France
C) They are very close to each other
D) Their basic facilities are good
14 A) Try to avoid making a hasty decision C) Talk with the local authorities
B) Take advantage of the train links D) Conduct field surveys first
15) A) Future product distribution C) Road and rail links for small towns
B) Local employment policies D) Skilled workforce in the hilly region
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard
16 A) One fifth of them were on bad terms with their sisters and brothers
B) About one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter feelings
C) More than half of them were involved in inheritance disputes
D) Most of them had broken with their sisters and brothers
17 A) Less concern with money matters C) Advance in age
B) More experience in worldly affairs D) Freedom from work
18 A) They have little time left to renew contact with their brothers and sisters
B) They tend to forget past unhappy memories and focus on their present needs
C) They are more tolerant of one another
D) They find close relatives more reliable
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard
19 A) They have bright colors and intricate patterns
B) They can only survive in parts of the Americas
C) They are the only insect that migrates along fixed routes
D) They have strong wings capable of flying long distances
20 A) In a Michigan mountain forest C) In a Kentucky mountain forest
B) In a Louisiana mountain forest D) In a Mexican mountain forest
21 A) Each flock of butterflies lays eggs in the same states
B) They start to lay eggs when they are nine months old
C) Each generation in a cycle lays eggs at a different place
D) Only the strongest can reach their destination to lay eggs
22 A) Evolution of monarch butterflies
B) Living habits of monarch butterflies
C) Migration patterns of monarch butterflies
D) Environmental impacts on monarch butterfly life
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard
23 A) Time has become more limited C) Time is money
B) Time has become more precious D) Time is relative
24 A) Americans now attach more importance to the effective use of time
B) Americans today have more free time than earlier generations
C) The number of hours Americans work has increased steadily
D) More and more Americans feel pressed for time nowadays
25 A) Our interpersonal relationships improve C) Our living habits are altered
B) Our work efficiency increases greatly D) Our behavior is changed
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear a passage three times When the passage is read for the first time you should listen carefully for its general idea When the passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard Finally when the passage is read for the third time you should check what you have written
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790 In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law ___26___ the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909 For example in 1909 anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a___27____work for personal use had to do so by hand The very process ___28___a limitation on the quantity of materials copied Today a photocopier can do the work in seconds the limitation has disappeared The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings nor did it___29___the need to protect radio and television As a result ___30___of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the ___31___rewards of authors artists and producers The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an___32___for remedy
Since 1976 the Act has been___33___to include computer software and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed___34___he 1976 legislation
The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time As these decisions and agreements are made we modify our behavior accordingly For now we need to___35___the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Bach choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage
Fear can be an effective way to change behavior One study compared the effects of hightear and lowfear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene（卫生） One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth charts and graphs Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the lowfear group did
But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices To answer this important question subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment) They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth The result showed that the highfear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene That is the subjects___42___to highfear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw lowfear warnings
However to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear If this isn’t done they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator If that happens it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
A) accustomed
B) carefully
C) cautiously
D) concrete
E) credibility
F) decayed
G) desire
H) dimensions
I) eligible
J) exposed
K) indication
L) occasions
M) permanent
N) sensitivity
O) translated
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements at attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The StreetLevel Solution
A) When I was growing up one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was It isn't what we don't know that causes the trouble it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so One of the main insights to be taken from the 100 000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that until recently our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness but it didn’t
B) That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group It's only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground and others have taken a streetlevel view of the problem—distinguishing the episodically homeless from the chronically homeless in order to understand their needs at an individual level This is why we can now envisage a different approach and get better results
C) Most readers expressed support for the effort although a number were skeptical and a few utterly dismissive about the chances of longterm homeless people adapting well to housing This is to be expected it's hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the incredulity of men which is to say that people do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully We don't have reference points for that story So we generalize from what we know or think we know
D) But that can be misleading even to experts When I asked Rosanne Haggerty founder of Common Ground which currently operates 2310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction) what had been her biggest surprise in this work she replied Fifteen years ago I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings And Becky Kanis the campaign’s director commented There is this sense in our minds that someone who's on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house The campaign is creating a firsthand experience for many people that that is really not the case
E) One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic（创伤）brain injury A bicycle fall a car accident a slip on the ice or if you’re a soldier a head wound—and your life could become unrecognizable James O' Connell a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years estimates that 40 percent of the longterm homeless people he's met had such a brain injury For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless he said They became unpredictable They'd have mood swings fits of explosive behavior They couldn't hold onto their jobs
Drinking made them feel better They'd end up on the streets
F) Once homeless people return to housing they're in a much better position to rebuild their lives But it's important to note that housing alone is not enough As with many complex social problems when you get through the initial crisis you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging But it is a better problem
G) Over the past decade O’Connell has seen this happen I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets he said So from a doctor's point of view it's a delightful switch but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems It’s the first step
H) Once in housing formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely If they’ve lived on the streets for years they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills Now indoors those aspects of their identity may be stripped away Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset If you're homeless for more than six months you kind of lose your bearings says Haggerty Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food begging looking for a job to survive another day The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered
I) Many need regular if not continuous support with mental health problems addictions and illnessesand equally important assistance in the daytoday challenges of life reacquainting with family building relationships with neighbors finding enjoyable activities or work managing finances and learning how to eat healthy food
J ) For some people the best solution is to live in a communal（集体）residence with special services This isn’t available everywhere however In Boston for example homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city
K) Common Ground's large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports In addition to more traditional social services residents also make use of communal gardens classes in things like cooking yoga theatre and photography and job placement Last year 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground's residences found jobs
L) Because the properties have many services and are wellmanaged Haggerty has found posthousing problems to be surprisingly rare In the past 10 years there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants There is very little graffiti（涂鸦）or vandalism（破坏） And the turnover is almost negligible In the Prince George Hotel in New York which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 lowincome tenants the average length of tenancy is close to seven years (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent for the formerly homeless this comes out of their government benefits) When people move on it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment
M) Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings said Haggerty They formed a gardening committee They want a terrace on the roof Those are things I didn't count on The most common tenant demand People always want more storage spacebut that's true of every New Yorker she adds In many ways we're a lot like a normal apartment building Our tenants look like anyone else
N) As I mentioned homelessness is a catchall for a variety of problems A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness which has different causes and requires a different solution I've been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness Late in 2011 I'll explore these ideas in a column For now I'll conclude with an update on the 100000 Homes Campaign Since Tuesday New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results The current count of people housed is 7043
注意：部分试题请答题卡2 作答
46 Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage
47 Homes Campaign provides firsthand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be
48 Common Ground's residences are wellmanaged and by and large peaceful
49 Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems
50 A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury
51 After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street
52 Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing
53 The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives
54 Until recently American society has failed to sec what homelessness is all about
55 Many formerly homeless tenants in New York's Common Ground's residences got hired
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage
Technology can make us smarter or stupider and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes One of the Dig questions being debated today is What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads and what kind can we leave in the cloud to be accessed as necessary
An increasingly powerful group within education are championing digital literacy In their view skills beat knowledge developing digital literacy is more important than learning mere content and all facts are now Googleable and therefore unworthy of committing to memory But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won’t help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content you're doing kids a disservice
Indeed evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable thinking well requires knowing facts and that’s true not only because you need something to think about The very processes that teachers care about most—critical thinking processes are intimately intertwined（交织）with factual knowledge that is stored in longterm memory
In other words just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn’t mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump There is no doubt that the students of today and the workers of tomorrow will need to innovate collaborate and evaluate But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them To innovate you have to know what came before To collaborate you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture And to evaluate you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered
So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world in two parts First acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills and it can't be outsourced（外包）to a search engine
Second take advantage of computers1 invariable memory but also the brain's elaborative memory Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn’t change But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change in interesting and useful ways to connect up with other facts and ideas to acquire successive layers of meaning to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
56 What is the author's concern about the use of technology
A) It may leave knowledge in the cloud
B) It may misguide our everyday behavior
C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education
D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills
57 What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy
A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will
B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge
C) It increase kids efficiency of acquiring knowledge
D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts
58 What does evidence from cognitive science show
A) Knowledge is better kept in longterm memory
B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge
C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition
D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts
59 What does the author think is key to making evaluations
A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions
B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation
C) Connecting new information with one’s accumulated knowledge
D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened
60 What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts
B) To promote educational reform in the information age
C) To explain human brains' function in storing information
D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage
America's recent history has been a persistent tilt to the West—of people ideas commerce and even political power California and Texas are the twin poles of the West but very different ones For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two Texas has trailed behind its stereotype has been a conservative Christian in cowboy boots But twins can change places Is that happening now
It is easy to find evidence that California is in a panic At the start of this month the once golden state started paying creditors in IOUs（欠条）The gap between projected outgoings and income for the current fiscal（财政）year has leapt to a horrible 26 billion With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf one credit agency has already downgraded California’s debt As budgets are cut universities will let in fewer students prisoners will be released early and schemes to protect the vulnerable will be rolled back
By contrast Texas has coped well with the recession with an unemployment rate two points below the national average and one of the lowest rates of housing repossession In part this is because Texan banks hard hit in the last property bust did not overexpand this time Texas also clearly offers a different model based on small government It has no state capitalgains or income tax and a business friendly and immigranttolerant attitude It is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other state
Despite all this it still seems too early to hand over America's future to Texas To begin with that lean Texan model has its own problems It has not invested enough in education and many experts rightly worry about a lost generation of mostly Hispanic Texans with insufficient skills for the demands of the knowledge economy
Second it has never paid to bet against a state with as many inventive people as California Even if Hollywood has gone into depression it still boasts an unequalled array of sunrise industries and the most brisk venturecapital industry on the planet The state also has an awesome ability to reinvent itself—as it did when its defence industry collapsed at the end of the cold war
The truth is that both states could learn from each other Texas still lacks California's great universities and lags in terms of culture California could adopt not just Texas’s leaner state but also its more bipartisan（两）approach to politics There is no perfect model of government it is America’s genius to have 50 publicpolicy laboratories competing to find out what works best
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答u
61 What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 1
A) They have been competing for the leading position
B) California has been superior to Texas in many ways
C) They are both models of development for other states
D) Texas's cowboy culture is less known than California's
62 What does the author say about today's California
A) Its debts arc pushing it into bankruptcy
B) Its budgets have been cut by 26 billion
C) It is faced with a serious financial crisis
D) It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable
63 In what way is Texas different from California
A) It practices small government C) It has a large Hispanic population
B) It is home to traditional industries D) It has an enviable welfare system
64 What problem is Texas confronted with
A) Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate
B) Its sunrise industries are shrinking rapidly
C) Us education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy
D) Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture
65 What do we learn about American politics from the passage
A) Each state has its own way of governing
B) Most states favor a bipartisan approach
C) Parties collaborate in drawing public policies
D) All states believe in government for the people
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中文热词通常反映社会变化文化外国媒体愈愈流行例土豪(tuhao)妈(dama)老词已获取新意义
土豪前指欺压佃户仆乡村现指花钱流水喜欢炫耀财富说土豪钱没品位妈中年妇女称呼现特指久前金价跌时量购买黄金中国妇女
土豪妈会收入新版土牛津(Oxford)英语词典已约120中文词加进牛津英语词典成英语语言部分
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
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Part I Writing (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay explaining why it is unwise to put all your eggs in one basket You can give examples to illustrate your point You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
PartⅡListening Comprehension (30 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations At the end of each conversation one or more questions will be asked about what was said Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once After each question there will be a pause During the pause you must read the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) and decide which is the best answer Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
1 A) They might be stolen goods C) They might be faulty products
B) They might be fake products D) They might be smuggled goods
2 A) They are civil servants C) They are news reporters
B) They are job applicants D) They are public speakers
3 A) The man has decided to quit his computer class
B) The woman wants to get a degree in administration
C) A computer degree is a must for administrative work
D) The man went to change the time of his computer class
4 A) A lot of contestants participated in the show
B) The fifth contestant won the biggest prize
C) It was not as exciting as he had expected
D) It was sponsored by a car manufacturer
5 A) Reading a newspaper column
B) Looking at a railway timetable
C) Driving from New York to Boston
D) Waiting for someone at the airport
6 A) He wears a coat bought in the mall
B) He got a new job at the barbershop
C) He had a finger hurt last night
D) He had his hair cut yesterday
7 A) He cannot appreciate the Picasso exhibition
B) Even his nephew can draw as well as Picasso
C) He is not quite impressed with modern paintings
D) Some drawings by kindergarten kids are excellent
8 A) He should not put the cart before the horse
B) His conduct docs not square with his words
C) His attitude to student government has changed
D) He has long been involved in student government
Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard
9 A) She left her own car in Manchester
B) Something went wrong with her car
C) She wants to go traveling on the weekend
D) Her car won’t be back in a week’s time
10 A) Safety C) Size
B) Comfort D) Cost
11 A) Thirdparty insurance C) Petrol
B) Valueadded tax D) CDW
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard
12 A) How to update the basic facilities C) Where to locate their plant
B) What to do to enhance their position D) How to attract investments
13 A) Their road link to other European countries is fast
B) They are all located in the south of France
C) They are very close to each other
D) Their basic facilities are good
14 A) Try to avoid making a hasty decision C) Talk with the local authorities
B) Take advantage of the train links D) Conduct field surveys first
15) A) Future product distribution C) Road and rail links for small towns
B) Local employment policies D) Skilled workforce in the hilly region
Section B
Directions In this section you will hear 3 short passages At the end of each passage you will hear some questions Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once After you hear a question you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A) B) C) and D) Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard
16 A) One fifth of them were on bad terms with their sisters and brothers
B) About one eighth of them admitted to lingering bitter feelings
C) More than half of them were involved in inheritance disputes
D) Most of them had broken with their sisters and brothers
17 A) Less concern with money matters C) Advance in age
B) More experience in worldly affairs D) Freedom from work
18 A) They have little time left to renew contact with their brothers and sisters
B) They tend to forget past unhappy memories and focus on their present needs
C) They are more tolerant of one another
D) They find close relatives more reliable
Passage Two
Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard
19 A) They have bright colors and intricate patterns
B) They can only survive in parts of the Americas
C) They are the only insect that migrates along fixed routes
D) They have strong wings capable of flying long distances
20 A) In a Michigan mountain forest C) In a Kentucky mountain forest
B) In a Louisiana mountain forest D) In a Mexican mountain forest
21 A) Each flock of butterflies lays eggs in the same states
B) They start to lay eggs when they are nine months old
C) Each generation in a cycle lays eggs at a different place
D) Only the strongest can reach their destination to lay eggs
22 A) Evolution of monarch butterflies
B) Living habits of monarch butterflies
C) Migration patterns of monarch butterflies
D) Environmental impacts on monarch butterfly life
Passage Three
Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard
23 A) Time has become more limited C) Time is money
B) Time has become more precious D) Time is relative
24 A) Americans now attach more importance to the effective use of time
B) Americans today have more free time than earlier generations
C) The number of hours Americans work has increased steadily
D) More and more Americans feel pressed for time nowadays
25 A) Our interpersonal relationships improve C) Our living habits are altered
B) Our work efficiency increases greatly D) Our behavior is changed
Section C
Directions In this section you will hear a passage three times When the passage is read for the first time you should listen carefully for its general idea When the passage is read for the second time you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard Finally when the passage is read for the third time you should check what you have written
注意：部分试题请答题卡1作答
The first copyright law in the United States was passed by Congress in 1790 In 1976 Congress enacted the latest copyright law ___26___ the technological developments that had occurred since the passage of the Copyright Act of 1909 For example in 1909 anyone who wanted to make a single copy of a___27____work for personal use had to do so by hand The very process ___28___a limitation on the quantity of materials copied Today a photocopier can do the work in seconds the limitation has disappeared The 1909 law did not provide full protection for films and sound recordings nor did it___29___the need to protect radio and television As a result ___30___of the law and abuses of the intent of the law have lessened the ___31___rewards of authors artists and producers The 1976 Copyright Act has not prevented these abuses fully but it has clarified the legal rights of the injured parties and given them an___32___for remedy
Since 1976 the Act has been___33___to include computer software and guidelines have been adopted for fair use of television broadcasts These changes have cleared up much of the confusion and conflict that followed___34___he 1976 legislation
The fine points of the law are decided by the courts and by acceptable common practice over time As these decisions and agreements are made we modify our behavior accordingly For now we need to___35___the law and its guidelines as accurately as we can and to act in a fair manner
Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)
Section A
Directions In this section there is a passage with ten blanks You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage Read the passage through carefully before making your choices Bach choice in the bank is identified by a letter Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once
Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage
Fear can be an effective way to change behavior One study compared the effects of hightear and lowfear appeals on changes in attitudes and behaviors related to dental hygiene（卫生） One group of subjects was shown awful pictures of ___36___teeth and diseased gums another group was shown less frightening materials such as plastic teeth charts and graphs Subjects who saw the frightening materials reported more anxiety and a greater___37___to change the way they took care of their teeth than the lowfear group did
But were these reactions actually___38___into better dental hygiene practices To answer this important question subjects were called back to the laboratory on two___39___ (five days and six weeks alter the experiment) They chewed disclosing wafers（牙疾诊断片）that give a red stain to any uncleaned areas of the teeth and thus provided a direct___40___of how well they were really taking care of their teeth The result showed that the highfear appeal did actually result in greater and more___41___changes in dental hygiene That is the subjects___42___to highfear warnings brushed their teeth more___43____than did those who saw lowfear warnings
However to be an effective persuasive device it is very important that the message not be too frightening and that people be given___44___guidelines to help them to reduce the cause of the fear If this isn’t done they may reduce their anxiety by denying the message or the___45___of the communicator If that happens it is unlikely that either attitude or behavior change will occur
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
A) accustomed
B) carefully
C) cautiously
D) concrete
E) credibility
F) decayed
G) desire
H) dimensions
I) eligible
J) exposed
K) indication
L) occasions
M) permanent
N) sensitivity
O) translated
Section B
Directions In this section you are going to read a passage with ten statements at attached to it Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once Each paragraph is marked with a letter Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2
The StreetLevel Solution
A) When I was growing up one of my father’s favorite sayings (borrowed from the humorist Will Rogers) was It isn't what we don't know that causes the trouble it’s what we think we know that just ain’t so One of the main insights to be taken from the 100 000 Homes Campaign and its strategy to end chronic homelessness is that until recently our society thought it understood the nature of homelessness but it didn’t
B) That led to a series of mistaken assumptions about why people become homeless and what they need Many of the errors in our homelessness policies have stemmed from the conception that the homeless are a homogeneous group It's only in the past 15 years that organizations like Common Ground and others have taken a streetlevel view of the problem—distinguishing the episodically homeless from the chronically homeless in order to understand their needs at an individual level This is why we can now envisage a different approach and get better results
C) Most readers expressed support for the effort although a number were skeptical and a few utterly dismissive about the chances of longterm homeless people adapting well to housing This is to be expected it's hard to imagine what we haven’t yet seen As Niccolo Machiavelli wrote in The Prince one of the major obstacles in any effort to advance systemic change is the incredulity of men which is to say that people do not readily believe in new things until they have had a long experience of them Most of us have witnessed homeless people on the streets for decades Few have seen formerly homeless people after they have been housed successfully We don't have reference points for that story So we generalize from what we know or think we know
D) But that can be misleading even to experts When I asked Rosanne Haggerty founder of Common Ground which currently operates 2310 units of supportive housing (with 552 more under construction) what had been her biggest surprise in this work she replied Fifteen years ago I would not have believed that people who had been so broken and stuck in homelessness could thrive to the degree that they do in our buildings And Becky Kanis the campaign’s director commented There is this sense in our minds that someone who's on the streets is almost in their DNA different from someone who has a house The campaign is creating a firsthand experience for many people that that is really not the case
E) One of the startling realizations that I had while researching this column is that anybody could become like a homeless person—all it takes is a traumatic（创伤）brain injury A bicycle fall a car accident a slip on the ice or if you’re a soldier a head wound—and your life could become unrecognizable James O' Connell a doctor who has been treating the most vulnerable homeless people on the streets of Boston for 25 years estimates that 40 percent of the longterm homeless people he's met had such a brain injury For many it was a head injury prior to the time they became homeless he said They became unpredictable They'd have mood swings fits of explosive behavior They couldn't hold onto their jobs
Drinking made them feel better They'd end up on the streets
F) Once homeless people return to housing they're in a much better position to rebuild their lives But it's important to note that housing alone is not enough As with many complex social problems when you get through the initial crisis you have another problem to solve which is no less challenging But it is a better problem
G) Over the past decade O’Connell has seen this happen I spend half my time on the streets or in the hospital and the other half making house calls to people who lived for years on the streets he said So from a doctor's point of view it's a delightful switch but it’s not as if putting someone in housing is the answer to addressing all of their problems It’s the first step
H) Once in housing formerly homeless people can become isolated and lonely If they’ve lived on the streets for years they may have acquired a certain standing as well as a sense of pride in their survival skills Now indoors those aspects of their identity may be stripped away Many also experience a profound disorientation at the outset If you're homeless for more than six months you kind of lose your bearings says Haggerty Existence becomes not about overcoming homelessness but about finding food begging looking for a job to survive another day The whole process of how you define stability gets reordered
I) Many need regular if not continuous support with mental health problems addictions and illnessesand equally important assistance in the daytoday challenges of life reacquainting with family building relationships with neighbors finding enjoyable activities or work managing finances and learning how to eat healthy food
J ) For some people the best solution is to live in a communal（集体）residence with special services This isn’t available everywhere however In Boston for example homeless people tend to be scattered in apartments throughout the city
K) Common Ground's large residences in New York offer insight into the possibilities for change when homeless people have a rich array of supports In addition to more traditional social services residents also make use of communal gardens classes in things like cooking yoga theatre and photography and job placement Last year 188 formerly homeless tenants in four of Common Ground's residences found jobs
L) Because the properties have many services and are wellmanaged Haggerty has found posthousing problems to be surprisingly rare In the past 10 years there have been only a handful of incidents of quarrels between tenants There is very little graffiti（涂鸦）or vandalism（破坏） And the turnover is almost negligible In the Prince George Hotel in New York which is home to 208 formerly homeless people and 208 lowincome tenants the average length of tenancy is close to seven years (All residents pay 30 percent of their income for rent for the formerly homeless this comes out of their government benefits) When people move on it is usually because they’ve found a preferable apartment
M) Tenants also want to participate in shaping the public areas of the buildings said Haggerty They formed a gardening committee They want a terrace on the roof Those are things I didn't count on The most common tenant demand People always want more storage spacebut that's true of every New Yorker she adds In many ways we're a lot like a normal apartment building Our tenants look like anyone else
N) As I mentioned homelessness is a catchall for a variety of problems A number of readers asked whether the campaign will address family homelessness which has different causes and requires a different solution I've been following some of the promising ideas emerging to address and prevent family homelessness Late in 2011 I'll explore these ideas in a column For now I'll conclude with an update on the 100000 Homes Campaign Since Tuesday New Orleans and a few other communities have reported new results The current count of people housed is 7043
注意：部分试题请答题卡2 作答
46 Tenants in Common Ground’s residences all want more room for storage
47 Homes Campaign provides firsthand proof that the homeless are not what they were once believed to be
48 Common Ground's residences are wellmanaged and by and large peaceful
49 Housing the homeless is only the first step to solving all their problems
50 A large percent of the chronically homeless have suffered from brain injury
51 After being housed many homeless people become confused at first as to how to deal with life off the street
52 Some people think the best way to help the homeless is to provide them with communal housing
53 The homeless with health problems should be given regular support in their daily lives
54 Until recently American society has failed to sec what homelessness is all about
55 Many formerly homeless tenants in New York's Common Ground's residences got hired
Section C
Directions There are 2 passages in this section Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements For each of them there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D) You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre
Passage One
Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage
Technology can make us smarter or stupider and we need to develop a set of principles to guide our everyday behavior and make sure that tech is improving and not hindering our mental processes One of the Dig questions being debated today is What kind of information do we need to have stored in our heads and what kind can we leave in the cloud to be accessed as necessary
An increasingly powerful group within education are championing digital literacy In their view skills beat knowledge developing digital literacy is more important than learning mere content and all facts are now Googleable and therefore unworthy of committing to memory But even the most sophisticated digital literacy skills won’t help students and workers navigate the world if they don't have a broad base of knowledge about how the world actually operates If you focus on the delivery mechanism and not the content you're doing kids a disservice
Indeed evidence from cognitive science challenges the notion that skills can exist independent of factual knowledge Data from the last thirty years leads to a conclusion that is not scientifically challengeable thinking well requires knowing facts and that’s true not only because you need something to think about The very processes that teachers care about most—critical thinking processes are intimately intertwined（交织）with factual knowledge that is stored in longterm memory
In other words just because you can Google the date of Black Tuesday doesn’t mean you understand why the Great Depression happened or how it compares to our recent economic slump There is no doubt that the students of today and the workers of tomorrow will need to innovate collaborate and evaluate But such skills can't be separated from the knowledge that gives rise to them To innovate you have to know what came before To collaborate you have to contribute knowledge to the joint venture And to evaluate you have to compare new information against knowledge you've already mastered
So here's a principle for thinking in a digital world in two parts First acquire a base of factual knowledge in any domain in which you want to perform well This base supplies the essential foundation for building skills and it can't be outsourced（外包）to a search engine
Second take advantage of computers1 invariable memory but also the brain's elaborative memory Computers are great when you want to store information that shouldn’t change But brains are the superior choice when you want information to change in interesting and useful ways to connect up with other facts and ideas to acquire successive layers of meaning to steep for a while in your accumulated knowledge and experience and so produce a richer mental brew
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
56 What is the author's concern about the use of technology
A) It may leave knowledge in the cloud
B) It may misguide our everyday behavior
C) It may cause a divide in the circles of education
D) It may hinder the development of thinking skills
57 What is the view of educators who advocate digital literacy
A) It helps kids to navigate the virtual world at will
B) It helps kids to broaden their scope of knowledge
C) It increase kids efficiency of acquiring knowledge
D) It liberates kids from the burden of memorizing facts
58 What does evidence from cognitive science show
A) Knowledge is better kept in longterm memory
B) Critical thinking is based on factual knowledge
C) Study skills are essential to knowledge acquisition
D) Critical thinking means challenging existing facts
59 What does the author think is key to making evaluations
A) Gathering enough evidence before drawing conclusions
B) Mastering the basic rules and principles for evaluation
C) Connecting new information with one’s accumulated knowledge
D) Understanding both what has happened and why it has happened
60 What is the author's purpose in writing the passage
A) To warn against learning through memorizing facts
B) To promote educational reform in the information age
C) To explain human brains' function in storing information
D) To challenge the prevailing overemphasis on digital literacy
Passage Two
Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage
America's recent history has been a persistent tilt to the West—of people ideas commerce and even political power California and Texas are the twin poles of the West but very different ones For most of the 20th century the home of Silicon Valley and Hollywood has been the brainier and trendier of the two Texas has trailed behind its stereotype has been a conservative Christian in cowboy boots But twins can change places Is that happening now
It is easy to find evidence that California is in a panic At the start of this month the once golden state started paying creditors in IOUs（欠条）The gap between projected outgoings and income for the current fiscal（财政）year has leapt to a horrible 26 billion With no sign of a new budget to close this gulf one credit agency has already downgraded California’s debt As budgets are cut universities will let in fewer students prisoners will be released early and schemes to protect the vulnerable will be rolled back
By contrast Texas has coped well with the recession with an unemployment rate two points below the national average and one of the lowest rates of housing repossession In part this is because Texan banks hard hit in the last property bust did not overexpand this time Texas also clearly offers a different model based on small government It has no state capitalgains or income tax and a business friendly and immigranttolerant attitude It is home to more Fortune 500 companies than any other state
Despite all this it still seems too early to hand over America's future to Texas To begin with that lean Texan model has its own problems It has not invested enough in education and many experts rightly worry about a lost generation of mostly Hispanic Texans with insufficient skills for the demands of the knowledge economy
Second it has never paid to bet against a state with as many inventive people as California Even if Hollywood has gone into depression it still boasts an unequalled array of sunrise industries and the most brisk venturecapital industry on the planet The state also has an awesome ability to reinvent itself—as it did when its defence industry collapsed at the end of the cold war
The truth is that both states could learn from each other Texas still lacks California's great universities and lags in terms of culture California could adopt not just Texas’s leaner state but also its more bipartisan（两）approach to politics There is no perfect model of government it is America’s genius to have 50 publicpolicy laboratories competing to find out what works best
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答u
61 What does the author say about California and Texas in Paragraph 1
A) They have been competing for the leading position
B) California has been superior to Texas in many ways
C) They are both models of development for other states
D) Texas's cowboy culture is less known than California's
62 What does the author say about today's California
A) Its debts arc pushing it into bankruptcy
B) Its budgets have been cut by 26 billion
C) It is faced with a serious financial crisis
D) It is trying hard to protect the vulnerable
63 In what way is Texas different from California
A) It practices small government C) It has a large Hispanic population
B) It is home to traditional industries D) It has an enviable welfare system
64 What problem is Texas confronted with
A) Its Hispanic population is mostly illiterate
B) Its sunrise industries are shrinking rapidly
C) Us education cannot meet the needs of the knowledge economy
D) Its immigrants have a hard time adapting to its cowboy culture
65 What do we learn about American politics from the passage
A) Each state has its own way of governing
B) Most states favor a bipartisan approach
C) Parties collaborate in drawing public policies
D) All states believe in government for the people
Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)
Directions For this part you are allowed SO minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2
中文热词通常反映社会变化文化外国媒体愈愈流行例土豪(tuhao)妈(dama)老词已获取新意义
土豪前指欺压佃户仆乡村现指花钱流水喜欢炫耀财富说土豪钱没品位妈中年妇女称呼现特指久前金价跌时量购买黄金中国妇女
土豪妈会收入新版土牛津(Oxford)英语词典已约120中文词加进牛津英语词典成英语语言部分
注意：部分试题请答题卡2作答
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